「Part 6」2023政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
坚持实施稳健的货币政策。
We continued a prudent monetary policy.
注：
稳健的货币政策
a prudent monetary policy
📍prudent /ˈpruː.dənt/ 表示“谨慎的，慎重的；精明的”，英文解释为“careful and avoiding risks”举个🌰：It's always prudent to read a contract carefully before signing it. 签合同前先好好看一下，这样做永远都是明智的。
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：加大稳健的货币政策实施力度。We will step up implementation of the prudent monetary policy.
2022年报告：有效实施稳健的货币政策，两次全面降准，推动降低贷款利率。We implemented a prudent monetary policy to good effect and lowered required reserve ratios twice to facilitate the reduction of loan interest rates.
2018年报告：坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
2017年报告：今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
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根据形势变化灵活把握政策力度，保持流动性合理充裕，
We made flexible policy adjustments in view of new developments and maintained reasonably sufficient liquidity.
注：
根据形势变化
in view of new developments
灵活把握政策力度
make flexible policy adjustments
保持流动性
maintain liquidity
用好降准、再贷款等政策工具，加大对实体经济的有效支持，缓解中小微企业融资难融资贵等问题。
We made good use of policy instruments such as required reserve ratio reductions and re-lending to increase effective support for the real economy and alleviate the difficulties faced by MSMEs in accessing affordable financing.
注：
政策工具
policy instruments
降准
required reserve ratio reductions
再贷款
re-lending
实体经济
the real economy
中小微企业-->微小中企业
micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
📍降准，全称为中央银行调低法定存款准备率。降准是央行货币政策之一。央行降低法定存款准备金率（lower required reserve ratios），影响银行可贷资金数量从而增大信贷规模，提高货币供应量，释放流动性，刺激经济增长。
制造业贷款余额从16.3万亿元增加到27.4万亿元。
The balance of loans to the manufacturing sector increased from 16.3 trillion yuan to 27.4 trillion yuan.
注：
制造业
the manufacturing sector
贷款余额
the balance of loans
普惠小微贷款余额从8.2万亿元增加到23.8万亿元、年均增长24%，贷款平均利率较五年前下降1.5个百分点。
Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses increased at an annual rate of 24%, rising from 8.2 trillion yuan to 23.8 trillion yuan, with the average interest rate falling by 1.5 percentage points compared to five years ago.
注：
普惠小微贷款（余额）
inclusive loans to micro and small businesses
人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上弹性增强、保持基本稳定。
We saw that the RMB exchange rate floated with greater flexibility at an adaptive, balanced level while remaining generally stable.
注：
人民币汇率
the RMB exchange rate
在合理均衡水平
at an adaptive, balanced level
弹性增强
float with greater flexibility
保持基本稳定
remaining generally stable
📍float /fləʊt/ 表示“（使）（货币）实现汇率自由浮动”，英文解释为“to allow the value of a country's money to change according to the value of other countries' money”
完全化解了本世纪初形成的14486亿元金融改革历史成本。
We completely paid off the outstanding debt of 1.4486 trillion yuan incurred in the reform of financial institutions since the beginning of this century.
注：
完全化解了...历史成本-->还清了...债务
completely pay off the outstanding debt
📍incur 1）表示“招致；遭受，引起”，英文解释为“to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken”如：to incur debts/fines/bills 招致债务/遭到罚款/要付账。
2）表示“引致，带来（成本、花费等）”，英文解释为“if you incur costs, you have to pay them”举个🌰：You risk incurring bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit. 如果超出了透支限额，就有被银行加收费用的风险。
运用市场化法治化方式，精准处置一批大型企业集团风险，平稳化解高风险中小金融机构风险，
Using market- and law-based means, we took targeted steps to deal with the risks of several large enterprise groups and made steady headway in defusing risks in high-risk small and medium-sized financial institutions.
注：
市场化法治化方式
market- and law-based means
精准处置
take targeted steps to
大型企业集团
large enterprise groups
平稳（做...）
make steady headway in
化解风险
defusing risks
高风险中小金融机构
high-risk small and medium-sized financial institutions
大型金融机构健康发展，金融体系稳健运行，守住了不发生系统性风险的底线。
Large financial institutions registered sound growth, financial systems operated in a robust and stable manner, and we ensured that no systemic risks arose.
注：
健康发展
register sound growth
稳健运行
operate in a robust and stable manner
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：加强重大风险防控，坚决守住不发生系统性风险底线。Strong prevention and control measures will be taken to forestall systemic risks.
2019年报告Part 11：也为更好防范化解地方政府债务风险创造条件。and create conditions for better forestalling and defusing local governments' debt risks.
2019年报告Part 9：在发展中逐步化解，坚决避免发生系统性、区域性风险。We need to defuse risks step by step in the course of pursuing development and decisively forestall any systemic or regional risks.
2019年报告Part 2：防范化解重大风险，We forestalled and defused major risks.
强化就业优先政策导向。
We pursued an employment-first policy.
注：
就业优先政策
an employment-first policy
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：就业优先政策要全面强化。We will strengthen the employment-first policy with comprehensive measures.
把稳就业作为经济运行在合理区间的关键指标。
Stable employment has remained a key indicator of the economy operating within the appropriate range.
注：
运行在合理区间
operating within the appropriate range
关键指标
a key indicator
着力促进市场化社会化就业，加大对企业稳岗扩岗支持力度。
We worked hard to promote market-based employment and stepped up efforts to support enterprises in stabilizing and expanding employment.
注：
稳岗扩岗
stabilizing and expanding employment
着力
work hard to
将养老保险单位缴费比例从20%降至16%，同时充实全国社保基金，储备规模从1.8万亿元增加到2.5万亿元以上。
The ratio of enterprise contributions to basic old-age insurance was lowered from 20 percent to 16 percent and the national social security fund was replenished to expand its scale from 1.8 trillion yuan to over 2.5 trillion yuan.
注：
养老保险单位缴费比例
the ratio of enterprise contributions to basic old-age insurance
全国社保基金
the national social security fund
📍replenish /rɪˈplen.ɪʃ/ 表示“补充；把…再备足；重新装满”，英文解释为“to fill something up again”举个🌰：Food stocks were replenished by/with imports from abroad. 粮食储备通过从国外进口得到了补充。
实施失业保险基金稳岗返还、留工培训补助等政策。
We implemented policies on refunding unemployment insurance funds to keep employment stable and granting training subsidies for job retention to hard-hit businesses.
注：
失业保险基金
unemployment insurance funds
留工培训补助
granting training subsidies for job retention to hard-hit businesses
持续推进大众创业万众创新，连续举办8届全国双创活动周、超过5.2亿人次参与，
To promote entrepreneurship and innovation nationwide, we have held National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week for eight consecutive years, which racked up a cumulative participation of more than 520 million.
注：
持续推进大众创业万众创新
promote entrepreneurship and innovation nationwide
全国双创活动周
National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week
连续八年
for eight consecutive years
📍 nationwide 表示“全国性的；遍及全国的；全国范围的”（happening or existing in all parts of a particular country），在翻译“大众创业万众创新”时通常会用nationwide一词来表达“全民/全国”参与的含义，如2020年报告Part 1：大众创业万众创新深入开展，企业数量日均净增1万户以上。Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide. 2019年报告：进一步把大众创业万众创新引向深入。We will do more to encourage startups and innovation nationwide.
📍rack up 表示“积累，大量获得（利润）；严重遭受（损失）；（体育中）多次赢得（比赛）”，英文解释为“If a business racks up profits, losses, or sales, it makes a lot of them. If a sportsman, sportswoman, or team racks up wins, they win a lot of games or races.”举个🌰：Lower rates mean that firms are more likely to rack up profits in the coming months. 更低的费率意味着各公司更有可能在未来的几个月里获得大量利润。
📍cumulative 表示“累积的”，英文解释为“If a series of events have a cumulative effect, each event makes the effect greater.”举个🌰：It is simple pleasures, such as a walk on a sunny day, which have a cumulative effect on our mood. 诸如在晴朗的日子散步这样简朴的乐趣对我们的情绪有累积性益处。
鼓励以创业带动就业，新就业形态和灵活就业成为就业增收的重要渠道。
We encouraged job creation through business startups, and new and flexible employment forms became an important source of employment and income growth.
注：
鼓励以创业带动就业
encourage job creation through business startups
新就业形态和灵活就业
new and flexible employment forms
就业增收
employment and income growth
做好高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等群体就业工作。
We took solid measures to ensure employment for college graduates, ex-service personnel, and rural migrant workers.
注：
高校毕业生
college graduates
退役军人
ex-service personnel
农民工
rural migrant workers
做好...工作
take solid measures to ...
使用失业保险基金等资金支持技能培训。
We used unemployment insurance funds and other funds to support skills training programs.
注：
失业保险基金
unemployment insurance funds
支持技能培训
support skills training programs
实施高职扩招和职业技能提升三年行动，
We carried out a three-year action plan for expanding enrollment in vocational colleges and upgrading vocational skills.
注：
高职扩招
expanding enrollment in vocational colleges
职业技能提升
upgrading vocational skills
累计扩招413万人、培训8300多万人次。
This drive saw vocational colleges enrolling an additional 4.13 million students and providing over 83 million training opportunities.
注：
📍enroll 表示“（使）加入；注册；招（生）；吸收”，英文解释为“If you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or in a class, you officially join it.”举个🌰：I was enrolled at the University in 2016. 我是2016年上大学的。
就业是民生之基、财富之源。
Employment is the cornerstone of people’s wellbeing and the wellspring of wealth.
注：
民生之基
the cornerstone of people’s wellbeing
财富之源
the wellspring of wealth
「类似表述对比」
二十大报告：就业是最基本的民生。Employment is the most basic component of the people’s wellbeing.
14亿多人口大国保持就业稳定，难能可贵，蕴含着巨大创造力。
It is truly remarkable that China, a big country with over 1.4 billion people, has kept employment stable, and such stability is a source of tremendous creativity for our country.
注：
难能可贵
It is truly remarkable that ...
蕴含着巨大创造力
be a source of tremendous creativity
保持物价总体平稳。
Prices were kept generally stable.
在应对冲击中没有持续大幅增加赤字规模，也没有超发货币，
We refrained from repeatedly increasing the deficit by a large margin in response to shocks and printing an excessive amount of money.
注：
大幅增加赤字规模
increasing the deficit by a large margin
应对冲击
in response to shocks
超发货币
printing an excessive amount of money
为物价稳定创造了宏观条件。
This created the macro conditions needed for stabilizing prices.
注：
物价稳定
stabilizing prices
下大气力抓农业生产，强化产销衔接和储备调节，确保粮食和生猪、蔬菜等稳定供应，
We redoubled efforts to bolster agricultural production, ensured better linkage between production and sales and managed reserves more effectively, and ensured a stable supply of agricultural products, such as grain, hogs, and vegetables.
注：
下大气力
redouble efforts to
抓农业生产
bolster agricultural production
强化产销衔接
ensure better linkage between production and sales
📍hog表示“（供食用的）大猪”（a large pig that is kept for its meat）
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：加强生猪产能调控，抓好畜禽、水产、蔬菜等生产供应。 We will see that hog production is better regulated and ensure the production and supply of livestock, poultry and aquatic products and vegetables.
2021年报告Part 14：多措并举扩大油料生产。发展畜禽水产养殖，稳定和发展生猪生产。 We will adopt multiple measures to expand the production of oil-bearing crops, develop livestock, poultry, and aquaculture farming, and promote stable hog production.
2019年报告：稳定生猪等畜禽生产， We will ensure that the production of hogs and other types of livestock, and poultry, remains stable,
及时解决煤炭电力供应紧张问题，满足民生和生产用能需求，
We promptly addressed shortages of coal and electricity to meet residential and production energy needs.
注：
煤炭电力供应紧张
shortages of coal and electricity
满足民生和生产用能需求
meet residential and production energy needs
保障交通物流畅通。
Smooth transportation and logistics were ensured.
加强市场监管，维护正常价格秩序。
Market oversight was strengthened to maintain price stability.
注：
市场监管
market oversight
维护正常价格秩序-->维护价格稳定
maintain price stability
十年来我国居民消费价格涨幅稳定在2%左右的较低水平，
For the past decade, CPI increases in China have been kept at a comparatively low level of around 2 percent.
注：
稳定在较低水平
be kept at a comparatively low level
居民消费价格
the consumer price index (CPI)
📍也称消费者物价指数/居民消费价格指数。(From: LearnAndRecord)
成如容易却艰辛，
The difficulty of such an achievement should not be underestimated.
注：
📍出自宋代王安石的《题张司业诗》「苏州司业诗名老，乐府皆言妙入神。看似寻常最奇崛，成如容易却艰辛。」常被用来形容和赞美一个人的作品或成就的得来不易。“成功”的背后总是包含着无尽的辛酸。
既维护了市场经济秩序、为宏观政策实施提供了空间，又有利于更好保障基本民生。
This has been conducive to maintaining the order of the market economy, to creating leeway for macro policy implementation, and most importantly, to better meeting the basic living needs of our people.
注：
维护了市场经济秩序
maintaining the order of the market economy
为宏观政策实施提供了空间
creating leeway for macro policy implementation
保障基本民生
meeting the basic living needs of our people
📍conducive /kənˈdʒuː.sɪv/ 表示“有利的，有助的，有益的”，英文解释为“If one thing is conducive to another thing, it makes the other thing likely to happen.”举个🌰：Make your bedroom as conducive to sleep as possible. 把你的卧室尽可能地布置得有助于睡眠。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情后影响的文章中提到：Wherever or however people end up working, the experience of living in a pandemic is not conducive to creative thought. 无论人们最终困在何地以何种方式工作，疫情期间的生活体验都不利于创造性思维。
📍leeway /ˈliː.weɪ/ 表示“自由空间，自由度，余地”，英文解释为“freedom to act within particular limits”
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