「Part 16」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
本笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品。
（七）加强污染防治和生态建设，持续改善环境质量。
7. Enhancing Pollution Prevention and Control and Ecological Conservation and Promoting Continuous Environmental Improvement
深入实施可持续发展战略，
We will fully implement the sustainable development strategy,
注：
可持续发展战略
the sustainable development strategy
巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果，促进生产生活方式绿色转型。
consolidate the gains in our endeavors to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free, and transition to eco-friendly production and ways of life.
注：
生产生活方式
production and ways of life
📍eco-friendly表示“对环境无害的；环保的”（not harmful to the environment）
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 2：继续打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，We continued working to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free,
2019年报告：全面开展蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. (From: LearnAndRecord)
继续加大生态环境治理力度。
We will continue to intensify efforts to improve the environment.
强化大气污染综合治理和联防联控，
We will strengthen comprehensive measures and joint efforts on air pollution prevention and control,
注：
强化 ... 综合治理
strengthen comprehensive measures
...联防联控
joint efforts on ... prevention and control
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：强化社会治安综合治理，We strengthened comprehensive measures to maintain law and order,
2016年报告：强化社会治安综合治理 strengthen all-round efforts to maintain law and order
加强细颗粒物和臭氧协同控制，
and step up coordination on the control of fine particulate matter and ozone pollution.
注：
细颗粒物
fine particulate matter
臭氧污染
ozone pollution
北方地区清洁取暖率达到70%。
Clean heating will account for 70 percent of all heating in northern China.
注：
清洁取暖（供暖）
clean heating
📍清洁取暖的核心是“去散煤、无硫化”。
整治入河入海排污口和城市黑臭水体，
We will clean up sewage outfalls into seas and rivers and black, malodorous water bodies in cities.
注：
排污口
sewage outfalls
黑臭水体
black, malodorous water bodies
提高城镇生活污水收集和园区工业废水处置能力，
We will enhance our capacity to collect urban household sewage and to treat waste water from industrial parks.
注：
城镇生活污水
urban household sewage
工业园区
industrial parks
园区工业废水
waste water from industrial parks
严格土壤污染源头防控，
We will take stringent measures to prevent soil pollution at the source,
注：
源头
at the source
📍stringent /ˈstrɪndʒənt/ 表示“严格的；严厉的”（very strict and that must be obeyed），如：stringent air quality regulations 严格的空气质量管理条例。
加强农业面源污染治理。
and take stronger action to address agricultural pollution from non-point sources.
注：
农业面源（非点源）污染
agricultural pollution from non-point sources
📍面源污染又称非点源污染，主要由土壤泥沙颗粒、氮磷等营养物质、农药、各种大气颗粒物等组成，通过地表径流、土壤侵蚀、农田排水等方式进入水、土壤或大气环境。
继续严禁洋垃圾入境。
The ban on the importation of solid waste will remain in place.
注：
严禁洋垃圾入境（洋垃圾入境禁令）
the ban on the importation of solid waste
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告：严禁“洋垃圾”入境。We will completely prohibit garbage from being brought into China.
有序推进城镇生活垃圾分类处置。
Urban household waste sorting will be promoted in a well-planned way,
注：
城镇生活垃圾分类（处置）
urban household waste sorting
有序
in a well-planned way
推动快递包装绿色转型。
the use of eco-friendly express delivery packaging will be encouraged,
注：
快递包装
express delivery packaging
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告Part 17：推广绿色建筑、绿色快递包装。and expand the construction of eco-friendly buildings and the use of green packaging in the delivery industry.
加强危险废物医疗废物收集处理。
and the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste will be improved.
注：
危险废物
hazardous waste
医疗废物
medical waste
研究制定生态保护补偿条例。
The formulation of regulations on compensation for environmental conservation will be put on the agenda.
注：
生态保护补偿条例
regulations on compensation for environmental conservation
落实长江十年禁渔，
We will enforce a ten-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River,
注：
十年禁渔
a ten-year fishing ban
长江
the Yangtze River
实施生物多样性保护重大工程，
and carry out major biodiversity protection projects.
注：
生物多样性保护重大工程
major biodiversity protection projects
科学推进荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理，
We will systematically promote comprehensive control of desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion,
注：
荒漠化
desertificatio
石漠化
rocky desertification
水土流失
soil erosion
综合治理
comprehensive control
持续开展大规模国土绿化行动，
continue to launch large-scale land greening programs,
注：
大规模国土绿化行动
large-scale land greening programs
保护海洋生态环境，推进生态系统保护和修复，
protect the marine environment, and protect and restore ecosystems.
让我们生活的家园拥有更多碧水蓝天。
We hope that our common home will have clearer waters and the skies above it will be bluer.
扎实做好碳达峰、碳中和各项工作。
We will take solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.
注：
碳达峰（达到二氧化碳排放峰值）
achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions
碳中和
carbon neutrality
📍碳达峰，就是指在某一个时点，二氧化碳的排放不再增长达到峰值，之后逐步回落。中国承诺在2030年前，二氧化碳的排放不再增长，达到峰值之后再慢慢减下去。
📍碳中和是指国家、企业、产品、活动或个人在一定时间内直接或间接产生的二氧化碳或温室气体排放总量，通过植树造林、节能减排等形式，以抵消自身产生的二氧化碳或温室气体排放量，实现正负抵消，达到相对“零排放”。
制定2030年前碳排放达峰行动方案。
We will draw up an action plan for carbon emissions to peak by 2030.
注：
碳排放达峰行动方案
an action plan for carbon emissions to peak
优化产业结构和能源结构。
China’s industrial structure and energy mix will be improved.
注：
产业结构
industrial structure
能源结构
energy mix
推动煤炭清洁高效利用，大力发展新能源，在确保安全的前提下积极有序发展核电。
While promoting the clean and efficient use of coal, we will make a major push to develop new energy sources, and take active and well-ordered steps to develop nuclear energy on the basis of ensuring its safe use.
注：
新能源
new energy sources
发展核电
develop nuclear energy
积极有序
active and well-ordered
扩大环境保护、节能节水等企业所得税优惠目录范围，
We will expand the catalog of corporate income tax credits for environmental protection and the conservation of water and energy,
注：
企业所得税优惠
corporate income tax credits
环境保护
environmental protection
节能节水
the conservation of water and energy
促进新型节能环保技术、装备和产品研发应用，培育壮大节能环保产业，推动资源节约高效利用。
and promote the development and application of new types of energy-efficient and eco-friendly technologies, equipment and products, and the cultivation of energy-saving and environmental protection industries to ensure the conservation and efficient use of resources.
注：
新型节能环保技术
new types of energy-efficient and eco-friendly technologies
节能环保产业
energy-saving and environmental protection industries
资源节约高效利用
the conservation and efficient use of resources
加快建设全国用能权、碳排放权交易市场，
We will accelerate the development of national markets for trading energy use rights and carbon emissions rights,
注：
用能权
energy use rights
碳排放权
carbon emissions rights
📍用能权，是指在能源消费总量和强度控制的前提下，用能单位经核发或交易取得、允许其使用或投入生产的综合能源消费量权益。
完善能源消费双控制度。
and improve the system to control both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption.
注：
能源消费双控制度
the system to control both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption
能源消费
energy consumption
📍能耗双控制度指能源消费总量（the total amount）和强度（intensity）双控制度。
实施金融支持绿色低碳发展专项政策，
We will introduce special policies on providing financial support for green and low-carbon development,
注：
绿色低碳发展
green and low-carbon development,
设立碳减排支持工具。
devise instruments for supporting the reduction of carbon emissions,
注：
碳减排
the reduction of carbon emissions
提升生态系统碳汇能力。
and enhance the carbon absorption capacity of ecosystems.
注：
碳汇能力
the carbon absorption capacity
📍absorption表示“（液体、气体等的）吸收”（the process of a liquid, gas or other substance being taken in）
📍碳汇，是指通过植树造林、森林管理、植被恢复等措施，利用植物光合作用吸收大气中的二氧化碳，并将其固定在植被和土壤中，从而减少温室气体在大气中浓度的过程、活动或机制。
中国作为地球村的一员，将以实际行动为全球应对气候变化作出应有贡献。
As a member of the global village, China will continue to take concrete action to play its part in the global response to climate change.
注：
地球村
the global village
实际行动
concrete action
（八）切实增进民生福祉，不断提高社会建设水平。
8. Improving living standards and steadily advancing social development
注：
民生福祉
living standards / people's wellbeing
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：持续增进民生福祉，扎实推动共同富裕。Improving people's wellbeing and striving for common prosperity
十九大报告：增进民生福祉是发展的根本目的。The wellbeing of the people is the fundamental goal of development.
注重解民忧、纾民困，及时回应群众关切，持续改善人民生活。
We will, with a focus on resolving the difficulties of our people, respond promptly to public concerns and continue working to improve people's lives.
注：
解民忧、纾民困
resolve the difficulties of our people
群众关切
public concerns
发展更加公平更高质量的教育。
We will develop more equitable and higher-quality education.
构建德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系。
We will build an education system that ensures the well-rounded development of students in terms of moral grounding, intellectual and physical ability, aesthetic sensibility, and work skills.
注：
全面培养
the well-rounded development
德智体美劳
moral grounding, intellectual and physical ability, aesthetic sensibility, and work skills
「类似表述对比」
十九大报告：培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。and nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good and all-round moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and are well-prepared to join the socialist cause.
推动义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化，
We will promote high-quality, well-balanced, and integrated development of compulsory education in both urban and rural areas.
注：
义务教育
compulsory education
优质均衡
high-quality, well-balanced
加快补齐农村办学条件短板，
We will work quickly to improve the basic conditions of rural schools,
注：
加快补齐短板
work quickly to improve ... / move faster to strengthen ...
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：加快补齐革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区发展短板。We will move faster to strengthen development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas to help them catch up.
健全教师工资保障长效机制，
refine the long-term mechanism for ensuring salary payments to teachers,
注：
长效机制
the long-term mechanism
改善乡村教师待遇。
and improve the pay packages of teachers in rural schools.
注：
待遇
the pay packages
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：大力推动义务教育教师工资待遇政策落实 we made strong moves to ensure the implementation of policies on pay packages of teachers in compulsory education.
2018年报告：支持企业提高技术工人待遇，加大高技能人才激励，support enterprises in increasing pay packages for technical workers,
进一步提高学前教育入园率，
We will raise the preschool enrollment ratio,
注：
学前教育入园率
the preschool enrollment ratio
完善普惠性学前教育保障机制，
improve the mechanism to support public-interest pre-school education,
注：
普惠性学前教育
public-interest pre-school education
支持社会力量办园。
and support private actors in running kindergartens.
注：
社会力量
private actors
鼓励高中阶段学校多样化发展，加强县域高中建设。
We will encourage the diversified development of senior secondary schools and the development of county high schools.
注：
高中阶段学校
senior secondary schools
县域高中
county high schools
增强职业教育适应性，
We will enhance the adaptability of vocational education,
注：
职业教育
vocational education
深化产教融合、校企合作，
deepen industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation,
注：
产教融合
industry-education integration
校企合作
shool-enterprise cooperation
深入实施职业技能等级证书制度。
and implement the system of vocational technical grade certificates.
注：
the system of vocational technical grade certificates
职业技能等级证书制度
办好特殊教育、继续教育，
We will provide high-quality special needs education and continuing education,
注：
特殊教育
special needs education
继续教育
continuing education
支持和规范民办教育发展。
and support the development of private schools in a well-regulated way.
注：
民办教育（民办学校）
private schools
规范
in a well-regulated way
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 10：支持和规范发展新就业形态， We will support the development of new forms of employment and keep such employment well-regulated,
2020年报告：支持和规范民办教育，upport private schools and keep them well-regulated,
2019年报告：清理规范行政处罚事项，overhaul government penalties and punitive measures,
2018年报告：进一步清理规范行政事业性收费，We will further review and standardize government administrative fees,
分类建设一流大学和一流学科，
We will develop first-rate universities and academic disciplines on a categorized basis,
注：
一流大学和一流学科
first-rate universities and academic disciplines
分类
on a categorized basis
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：推进一流大学和一流学科建设，We will continue efforts to develop world-class universities and world-class disciplines,
2018年报告：加快“双一流”建设，act faster to develop world-class universities and world-class disciplines,
加快优化学科专业结构，
move faster to improve the composition of disciplines and majors,
注：
学科专业结构
the composition of disciplines and majors
加强基础学科和前沿学科建设，促进新兴交叉学科发展。
and promote the development of foundational disciplines, cutting-edge disciplines, and emerging inter-disciplinary fields.
注：
基础学科
foundational disciplines
前沿学科
cutting-edge disciplines
支持中西部高等教育发展。
We will support the development of higher education in the central and western regions.
注：
高等教育
higher education
加大国家通用语言文字推广力度。
Efforts to promote standard spoken and written Chinese will be stepped up.
发挥在线教育优势，
We will give full play to the advantages of online education,
注：
在线教育
online education
完善终身学习体系。
improve the lifelong learning system,
注：
终身学习体系
the lifelong learning system
倡导全社会尊师重教。
and encourage public respect for teachers and public support for education.
注：
尊师重教
respect for teachers and support for education.
深化教育评价改革，
We will further the reform of educational assessment,
注：
教育评价
educational assessment
健全学校家庭社会协同育人机制，
improve the mechanism of school-family-society cooperation in educating students,
注：
学校家庭社会协同育人机制
the mechanism of school-family-society cooperation in educating students
育人
educating students
规范校外培训。
and keep off-campus training well-regulated.
注：
校外培训
off-campus training
加强师德师风建设。
We will strengthen the professional ethics and competence of teachers,
注：
师德师风
the professional ethics and competence of teacher
在教育公平上迈出更大步伐，
and make major strides in ensuring equitable education.
更好解决进城务工人员子女就学问题，
We will endeavor to provide better schooling for children of rural migrant workers in cities,
注：
进城务工人员
rural migrant workers in cities
高校招生继续加大对中西部和农村地区倾斜力度，
and continue to have universities and colleges enroll more students from the central and western regions and rural areas.
注：
高校
universities and colleges
中西部地区
the central and western regions
努力让广大学生健康快乐成长，让每个孩子都有人生出彩的机会。
We will ensure that students live healthy and happy lives and that every child has the opportunity to fulfill their potential.
注：
有人生出彩的机会
have the opportunity to fulfill one's potential
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