查看原文
其他

《论语》Confucian Analects (4) 里仁第四

Love English 2 2022-12-23

Love English 2 助大家快乐学英语!
点开上方链接有惊喜!


里仁第四


4.1 子曰:“里仁为美。择不处仁,焉得知?”


The Master said, "It is virtuous manners which constitute the excellence of a neighborhood. If a man in selecting a residence do not fix on one where such prevail, how can he be wise?"


孔子说:“居住在有仁德的地方才是好的。选择住处,不住在有仁德的地方,那怎么能说是聪明智慧呢?”


【注释】 ①里:这里作动词用,指居住。②处:动词,与上文“里”同义。③知:同“智”,(《论语》的“智”都写作“知”。)

【解读】 昔孟母,择邻处。子不学,断机抒。(《三字经》)

“孟母三迁”的故事已经是妇孺皆知的了。其实,它正好以生动形象的方式表达了孔子“里仁为美”的思想。


4.2 子曰:“不仁者不可以久处约,不可以长处乐。仁者安仁,知者利仁。”


The Master said, "Those who are without virtue cannot abide long either in a condition of poverty and hardship, or in a condition of enjoyment. The virtuous rest in virtue; the wise desire virtue."


孔子说:“没有仁德的人不能长久地处在贫困中,也不能长久地处在安乐中。仁人是安于仁道的,有智慧的人则是知道仁对自己有利才去行仁的。”


【注释】 ①约:贫困。②利:顺从。


4.3 子曰:“唯仁者能好人,能恶人。”


The Master said, "It is only the truly virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others."


孔子说:“只有有仁德的人才能够正确地去喜爱人,才能够正确地去厌恶人。”


【注释】 ①好(hào):喜爱。②恶(wù):厌恶。


4.4 子曰:“苟志於仁矣,无恶也。”


The Master said, "If the will be set on virtue, there will be no practice of wickedness."


孔子说:“如果立志于仁,就不会做坏事了。”


【注释】 ①苟:如果。②恶(è):邪恶,与上一章“厌恶(wù)”用法不一样。



4.5 子曰:“富与贵,是人之所欲也;不以其道得之,不处也。”贫与贱,是人之 恶也;不以其道得之,不去也。君子去仁,恶者成名?君子无终食之间违仁,造次必於是, 颠沛必於是。”


The Master said, "Riches and honors are what men desire. If they cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If they cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided. "If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfill the requirements of that name? "The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, act contrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves to it. In seasons of danger, he cleaves to it."


孔子说:“有钱有地位,这是人人都想望的,但如果不是用仁道的方式得来,君子是不接受的;贫穷低贱,这是人人都厌恶的,但如果不是用仁道的方式摆脱,君子是不摆脱的。君子一旦离开了仁道,还怎么成就好名声呢?所以,君子任何时候——哪怕是在吃完一顿饭的短暂时间里也不离开仁道,仓促匆忙的时候是这样,颠沛流离的时候也是这样。”


【注释】 ①这句的“得”’宇应是”去”字之误,②恶(Wu)乎:哪里,怎么。③造次:匆忙,仓促。①颠沛;穷困,受挫折。

【解读】 我们今天说:“君子爱财,取之有道。”什么“道”?合法之道。说到底,也就是仁义之道——仁道。


4.6 子曰:“我未见好仁者,恶不仁者。好仁者,无以尚之;恶不仁者,其为仁 矣,不使不仁者加乎其身。有能一日用其力於仁矣乎?我未见力不足者。尽有之矣,我未见也。”


The Master said, "I have not seen a person who loved virtue, or one who hated what was not virtuous. He who loved virtue, would esteem nothing above it. He who hated what is not virtuous, would practice virtue in such a way that he would not allow anything that is not virtuous to approach his person. "Is any one able for one day to apply his strength to virtue? I have not seen the case in which his strength would be insufficient. "Should there possibly be any such case, I have not seen it."


孔子说:“我没有见过爱好仁德的人,也没有见过厌恶不仁的人。爱好仁德的人,是不能再好的了;厌恶不仁的人,在实行仁德的时候,不让不仁德的人影响自己。有能一天把自己的力量用在实行仁德上吗?我还没有看见力量不够的。这种人可能还是有的,但我没见过。”


4.7 子曰:“人之过也,各於其党。观过,斯知仁矣。”


The Master said, "The faults of men are characteristic of the class to which they belong. By observing a man's faults, it may be known that he is virtuous."


孔子说:“人的过错各有不同的类型。观察一个人的过错也可以知道这人有没有仁心。”


【注释】 ①党:类别,类型。


4.8 子曰:“朝闻道,夕夕死可矣。”


The Master said, "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening hear regret."


孔子说:“早上悟得真理,就是当晚死去也没有什么遗憾了!”


4.9 子曰:“士志於道,而耻恶衣恶食者,未足与议也。”


The Master said, "A scholar, whose mind is set on truth, and who is ashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed with."


孔子说:“读书人立志于追求真理,却以穿得不好吃得不好为耻辱,那就值不得和他谈论什么了。”


【注释】 ①士:“士”在古代有多种含义,是一种特殊的阶层,总起来说,是指有知识,有修养,有一定社会地位的人。《论语》中的“士”则多指读书人,即知识分子。

4.10 子曰:“君子之於天下也,无适也,无莫也,义之於比。”


The Master said, "The superior man, in the world, does not set his mind either for anything, or against anything; what is right he will follow."


孔子说:“君子对于天下的人和事,没有固定的厚薄亲疏,无可无不可,只要是符合正 义的就行。”


【注释】 ①适:可。②莫:不可。③比:紧靠,为邻。


4.11 子曰:“君子怀德,小人怀土;君子怀刑,小人怀惠。”


The Master said, "The superior man thinks of virtue; the small man thinks of comfort. The superior man thinks of the sanctions of law; the small man thinks of favors which he may receive."


孔子说:“君子心怀道德,小人却一心想着自己的田土;君子心怀法度,小人却一心贪图实惠。”


【注释】 ①刑:法度。


4.12 子曰:“放於利而行,多怨。”


The Master said: "He who acts with a constant view to his own advantage will be much murmured against."


孔子说:“只根据自己的利益做事。必然招来很多的怨恨。”


【注释】 ①放:依据,根据。


4.13 子曰:“能以礼让为国乎?何有?不能以礼让国,如礼何?”


The Master said, "If a prince is able to govern his kingdom with the complaisance proper to the rules of propriety, what difficulty will he have? If he cannot govern it with that complaisance, what has he to do with the rules of propriety?"


孔子说:“能够用礼让原则来治理国家,那还有什么困难呢?不能用礼让原则来治理国家,怎么能实行礼呢?”


【注释】 (1)何有:全意为“何难之有”,即不难的意思。(2)如礼何:把礼怎么办?


4.14 子曰:“不患无位,患所以立。不患莫己知,求为可知也。”


The Master said, "A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place, I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be known."


①孔子说:“不怕没有官位,怕的是没有担任官位的才能;不怕没有人知道自己,只求足以让人知道的本事。”

②孔子说:“不怕没有官位,就怕自己没有学到赖以站得住脚的东西。不怕没有人知道自己,只求自己成为有真才实学值得为人们知道的人。”


【注释】 ①所以立:“立”和“位”通用,“所以立”即“所以位”,也就是担任职位的才能。②莫己知:“己知”即“知己”,因前面有否定词“莫”而倒 装。③为可知:被别人知道的依据。


4.15 子曰:“参乎!吾道一以贯之。”曾子曰:“唯。”子出,门人问曰:“何谓也?”曾子曰:“夫子之道,忠恕而已矣。”


The Master said, "Shan, my doctrine is that of an all-pervading unity." The disciple Tsang replied, "Yes."The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, saying, "What do his words mean?" Tsang said, "The doctrine of our master is to be true to the principles-of our nature and the benevolent exercise of them to others,-this and nothing more."


孔子说:“参啊!我的学说贯穿着一个基本思想。”曾子说:“是。”孔子出去以后,学生们问曾子说:“老师的话是什么意思呢?” 曾子说:“老师的学说,忠恕两个字罢了。”


【注释】 ①参;曾参。②贯;贯穿,贯通。


4.16 子曰:“君子喻於义,小人喻於利。”


The Master said, "The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain."


孔子说:“君子懂得的是大义,小人只知道小利。”


【注释】 ①喻:明白,懂得。


4.17 子曰:“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。”


The Master said, "When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves."


孔子说:“见到贤人就想一想如何与他看齐,见到不贤的人就应该反省一下有没有与他相同的毛病。”

4.18 子曰:“事父母几谏,谏志不从,又敬不违,劳而不怨。”


The Master said, "In serving his parents, a son may remonstrate with them, but gently; when he sees that they do not incline to follow his advice, he shows an increased degree of reverence, but does not abandon his purpose; and should they punish him, he does not allow himself to murmur."


孔于说:“侍奉父母,对他们的过错应委婉地劝阻。如果见他们不愿意听从,仍然应该恭敬地侍奉他们,不得冒犯,替他们操劳而不怨恨。”


【注释】 ①几:轻微,婉转。③违;冒犯。③劳:忧愁。


4.19 子曰:“父母在,不远游,游必有方。”


The Master said, "While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes."


孔子说:“父母在世,不要离家远行。如果非远行不可,也必须有一定的地方。”


【注释】 (1)游:指游学、游官、经商等外出活动。(2)方:一定的地方。


4.20 子曰:“三年无改於父之道,可谓孝矣。”


The Master said, "If the son for three years does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial."


孔子说:“如果他在父亲去世三年以后,他仍然没有改变父亲为他选择的道路(没有忘记父亲的教诲),就算得上是有孝心的人了。”


4.21 子曰:“父母之年,不可不知也。一则以喜,一则以惧。”


The Master said, "The years of parents may by no means not be kept in the memory, as an occasion at once for joy and for fear."


孔子说:“父母的年纪,不可不知道并且常常记在心里。一方面为他们的长寿而高兴,一方面为他们年高而担心。” 


4.22 子曰:“古者言之不出,耻躬之不逮也。”


The Master said, "The reason why the ancients did not readily give utterance to their words, was that they feared lest their actions should not come up to them."


孔子说:“古人言语不轻易出口,是因为他们以自己的实际行动跟不上为耻辱。”


【注释】 ①耻:意动用法,以.....为耻。②躬:自身。这里指自身的实际行动。③逮:及,赶上。


4.23 子曰:“以约失之者鲜矣。”


The Master said, "The cautious seldom err."


①孔子说:“因为严于律己而犯错误的是很少的。”

②孔子说:“用礼来约束自己,再犯错误的人就少了。”


【注释】 ①约:约束,指严于律己。

【解读】 严于律己,宽于待人是儒学倡导的重要品质之一。


4.24 子曰:“君子欲讷於言而敏於行。”


The Master said, "The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct."


孔子说:“君子说话要谨慎,而行动要敏捷。”


【注释】 (1)讷:迟钝。这里指说话要谨慎。(2)敏:敏捷、快速的意思。


4.25 子曰:“德不孤,必有邻。”


The Master said, "Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors."


孔子说:“有道德的人不会孤立,一定会有思想一致的人与他相处。”


4.26 子游曰:“事君数,斯辱矣;朋友数,斯疏矣。”


Tsze-yu said, "In serving a prince, frequent remonstrances lead to disgrace.

Between friends, frequent reproofs make the friendship distant."


子游说:“事奉君主太频繁琐碎,反而会招来羞辱;与朋友相交太频繁琐碎,反而会遭到疏远。”


【注释】 ①数(shuò):屡次,频繁,琐碎。②斯:则,就。


长按识别二维码可关注该微信公众平台


Love English 2 助大家快乐学英语!
点开上方链接有惊喜!


往期回顾

《论语》Confucian Analects (2) 为政第二

《论语》Confucian Analects (3) 八佾第三

《千字文》双语

《弟子规》双语

《孙子兵法》 The Art of War

《大学》 The Great Learning

《三字经》英文版神翻译,美哭了!

您可能也对以下帖子感兴趣

文章有问题?点此查看未经处理的缓存