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Face changing in Sichuan Opera：The faces of life
成都，自先秦（旧石器时期--公元前221年）以来就是中国西南地区的文化重镇。川剧，是四川成都文化的一大特色，而其中的一项绝技“变脸”，更是让许多人为之赞叹。在遍地的戏园里、茶馆里，喝着盖碗茶，听川戏，看变脸，是成都人品味文化的独特方式。 Since the pre-Qin period (Paleolithic Period to 221 BC), Chengdu has been an important cultural town in Southwest China. But what really sets the city apart, culturally, is its opera, which is part of the Sichuan Opera tradition. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is the magic of mask changing, also known as “face changing” where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye, much to the amusement of the audience. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences wanting a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing. 相传，“变脸”最初出现，是古代人类为了生存想出来的办法。面对野兽，把自己脸部用不同的方式勾画出不同形态，吓唬这些凶猛的入侵者。后来，川剧把“变脸”搬上舞台，用绝妙的技巧使它成为一门独特的艺术。 It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in evolution. Early humans needed survival strategies to ward off predators and invaders. Often, aggressive facial gestures and non-verbal cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said to have brought this range of spectrum of emotions on stage. 变脸总共分为三种，除了相对简单的“抹脸”与“吹脸”，运用比较多的是“扯脸”技法。这是一种较为复杂的变脸方式，首先要在一层层丝绸上画好所有脸谱，在一身行头之中设置巧妙的机关，随着剧情的进展，手一抬一落，刹那间就能换一张脸，任凭你离得再近，也看不破其中玄机。“扯脸”相当有难度，一是粘脸谱的粘合剂不宜太多，以免到时扯不下来，或者一次把所有的脸谱都扯下来；二是动作要干净利落，假动作要巧妙，能掩观众眼目。这是基本的原理，至于其中真正的诀窍，变脸大师们可是不会轻易传授的。 Face-changing techniques generally fall into three categories: “wiping”, “pulling” and “blowing.” Among them, “pulling” is a more complex and frequently used technique in which faces are painted on layers of silk cloth and each mask is tied to a thread which is fastened and hidden in the costume. The adhesive used to stick the mask should be just the right amount — if it’s too much, the entire mask may come off. Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after another in swift movements to convey different emotions. Astonishingly, no matter how close one is to the stage, they can’t tell how the masks change within the blink of an eye. For this, the actor must be very nifty and possess great skill. Face changing techniques are a closely guarded secret handed down from generation to generation of performers. 当然，变脸可不只是项杂技，更有着丰富的文化意蕴，一张张不同的脸谱是在表达剧中人物不同的心理情绪的变化，喜怒哀乐皆在于此。脸谱所勾出来的图案在形式美上蕴含着巴山蜀水的谐谑之趣，更蕴含着那淳朴的乡土之俗。
Face changing is not simply an acrobatic skill, but it also has rich cultural implications. Different faces convey different psychological and emotional changes that characters in the play experience. The patterns of the facial makeup are borrowed from Chengdu and local customs of the region. 在成都，变脸元素随处可见。它早已深深融入到成都人民的血液中，深入到生活日常，川剧因此不只局限在舞台，而是拥有了更为绵长的生命力。 The different kinds of characters and personalities that Sichuan Opera brings alive on stage can be found among common people in Chengdu as well. This is why its emotions will continue to resonate with people for a long time.中国范儿118集合集