「佛山电翰」是什么梗？

近日，在佛山一工厂车间打螺丝、外形酷似张翰的抖音博主“佛山电翰”火了。除了长得像张翰之外，其夸张用力的拧螺丝动作引发热议，甚至出现了“人传人”现象，基于其魔性的动作网友纷纷自发模仿和二创。

佛山电翰说，“一件简单的事情，重复去做就不简单了，但是要坚持做，”这似乎道出了其爆红的“秘诀”。

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看重复、重复、再重复，真的是有用吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the article's primary assertion regarding repetition?

a) It is universally harmful.

b) It is essential for excellence.

c) Its value is context-dependent.

d) It should be avoided in creative fields.

a) Through its role in the avoidance of anxiety

b) Through its role in achieving mastery

c) Through its role in providing entertainment

d) Through its role in avoiding risk

无注释原文：

Is Repetition the Key to Daily Practice—or Its Killer?

From: Psychology Today

September 18, 2020

Repetition is so … repetitive.

That isn’t to say that human beings don’t like repetition and even crave repetition. Watch folks at a Las Vegas casino playing the slots. Some are gambling and seem to care if they are winning or losing. But many appear to be in a happy trance, one made up of repetitive gestures, repetitive sounds, repetitive tumblers clicking into place, and the repetitive whirr of the other machines in action all around them. Even the periodic return of the hostess inquiring if they’d like something to drink is part of the repetition. That looks to be an environment of repetition and an experience of repetition that we actually sometimes crave.

Some repetitive acts, like toiling away on an assembly line or providing quality control, bore us and tire us out. Others, like watching an episode of our favorite show for the umpteenth time, please us and soothe us. That must be proof that whether a given repetition is desirable or a problem completely depends on the nature of the activity in a particular context. So, if you hear yourself saying as you engage with your daily practice, “I hate repeating myself,” know that you aren’t saying something precisely true. Because sometimes you don’t hate repeating yourself; sometimes you actually crave it.

Not only do we sometimes crave repetition, there is power in repetition. Often, repetition is the only possible path to mastery. Playing the same chord sequence again and again, so that we really learn it and really own it, is a necessity. How many times will a budding concert pianist play a sonata before a major competition? How many times did Cezanne stare at and paint his mountain? How many times must a soldier disassemble his weapon and reassemble it before he can do it blindfolded? Many, many, many times.

Does it “really matter” if you learn that chord sequence, play that sonata well, capture something about that mountain, know your weapon inside-out, or catch that dropped word? Yes, it does. It disappoints us if we do a slipshod job or less than what’s required. That isn’t to say that we shouldn’t forgive ourselves if a dropped word appears (or, rather, doesn’t appear) in our finished book or if we flub a note at our concert. But, even as we are easy with imperfection, we still stand on the side of excellence.

“Repetition” is a subtle concept and comes with a shadow side. Repetition is one of the ways that we reduce our experience of anxiety, as in repeatedly washing our hands to deal with our anxiety around germs and around life itself. For a creative person, this repetition-as-anxiety-management-device can play itself out as a painter repeating subject matter, not because it interests him but because it soothes him to do something that he finds easy to do; or as a singer repeating her set over and over again, so as to avoid the anxiety that would well up in her if she upset her audience by giving them something unexpected. Artists often repeat themselves in this way so as to avoid experiencing anxiety, at the cost of growth, change, and meaning.

One of my clients, an interior designer, relied on bold patterns dominated by triangles. That was his go-to style, which people loved. But over time it became a crutch. He knew that it was time to move past triangles but his clients demanded them and he himself felt reluctant to make the switch. Another client, a romance writer, wrote romance after romance even after the genre stopped interesting her, because the novel she really wanted to write made her anxious to contemplate and seemed completely beyond her reach. In these instances, repetition was not the answer.

Because of these complexities, it’s on our shoulders to maintain awareness and do a good job of distinguishing between those times when repetition is a crutch and those times when repetition is a requirement. Remember that often it is an absolute necessity. Excellence can come out of the blue but more often it comes because we’ve been applying ourselves, again and again, playing that chord sequence or checking for that dropped word. Repetition has a shadow side but more usually it is the lifeblood of our daily practice.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Is Repetition the Key to Daily Practice—or Its Killer?

From: Psychology Today

September 18, 2020

Repetition is so … repetitive.

重复就是重复得让人厌烦。

That isn’t to say that human beings don’t like repetition and even crave repetition. Watch folks at a Las Vegas casino playing the slots. Some are gambling and seem to care if they are winning or losing. But many appear to be in a happy trance, one made up of repetitive gestures, repetitive sounds, repetitive tumblers clicking into place, and the repetitive whirr of the other machines in action all around them. Even the periodic return of the hostess inquiring if they’d like something to drink is part of the repetition. That looks to be an environment of repetition and an experience of repetition that we actually sometimes crave.

但这不意味着人类不喜欢重复，甚至渴望重复。看看拉斯维加斯赌场里玩老虎机的人们。有些人在赌博，看似在乎输赢。但许多人似乎沉浸在一种愉快的恍惚之中，沉浸在由重复的手势、重复的声响、转轮（tumblers）反腐发出落位的“咔嚓”声，以及周围其他机器运作重复的嗡嗡声构成的状态之中。就连女招待不时回头询问他们是否要喝点什么，也是重复的一部分。这看似是一个充满重复元素的环境和体验，而我们有时实际上是渴望这种重复的。

作动词，表示“渴望（得到）；热望”，英文解释为“to have a very strong desire for sth”举个🌰：She has always craved excitement. 她总渴望刺激。

🎬电影《雷神》（Thor）中的台词提到：You long for battle. You crave it. 你期待战争 你渴望它。

casino /kəˈsiːnəʊ/ 表示“赌场”，英文解释为“A casino is a building or room where people play gambling games such as roulette.”

1）表示“狭缝；（尤指）投币口，狭槽”，英文解释为“a long, narrow hole, especially one for putting coins into or for fitting a separate piece into”举个🌰：I put my money in the slot and pressed the button but nothing came out. 我把钱放入投币口，按了按钮，但没有东西出来。

2）表示“（名单、日程安排或广播节目表中的）位置，时间，机会”，英文解释为“a position, a time or an opportunity for sb/sth, for example in a list, a programme of events or a series of broadcasts”举个🌰：He has a regular slot on the late-night programme. 他在深夜节目中有一档固定栏目。

📍slot machine /ˈslɒt məˌʃiːn/ 表示“投币式自动赌博机，吃角子老虎机”，英文解释为“a machine that you try to win money from by putting coins into it and operating it, often by pressing a button or pulling a handle”

trance /trɑːns/ 表示“昏睡状态；催眠状态”，英文解释为“a temporary mental condition in which someone is not completely conscious of and/or not in control of himself or herself”举个🌰：First she goes/falls into a deep trance, and then the spirit voices start to speak through her. 首先，她陷入深度昏睡状态，然后神灵开始通过她说话。

2）表示“迷幻音乐，睡房音乐（一种快节奏的电子舞曲）”，英文解释为“fast, electronic dance music with a regular beat, keyboards, but usually no singing”

whirr /wɜːr/ 表示“（尤指机器）发出嗡嗡声，发出低沉持续的声响”，英文解释为“(especially of machines) to make a low, soft, continuous sound”举个🌰：I could hear the washing machine whirring in the kitchen. 我能听见厨房里洗衣机的嗡嗡声。

periodic /ˌpɪə.riˈɒd.ɪk/ 表示“周期（性）的;定期的”，英文解释为“happening repeatedly over a period of time”举个🌰：He suffers periodic mental breakdowns. 他周期性地精神失常。

Some repetitive acts, like toiling away on an assembly line or providing quality control, bore us and tire us out. Others, like watching an episode of our favorite show for the umpteenth time, please us and soothe us. That must be proof that whether a given repetition is desirable or a problem completely depends on the nature of the activity in a particular context. So, if you hear yourself saying as you engage with your daily practice, “I hate repeating myself,” know that you aren’t saying something precisely true. Because sometimes you don’t hate repeating yourself; sometimes you actually crave it.

有些重复的行为，如在流水线上辛苦工作或进行质量控制，让我们感到无聊且疲惫。而有些重复的行为，如反复观看我们最喜欢的节目，则会让我们感到愉悦和放松。这就证明，某些重复是令人期待还是令人烦恼，完全取决于特定环境下活动的性质。所以，如果你在日常实践中听到自己说，“我讨厌做重复的事”，你要知道，你说的并不完全正确。因为有时你并不讨厌它；有时你实际上是渴望重复的。

toil /tɔɪl/ 表示“苦干，努力工作”，英文解释为“to work hard”举个🌰：After toiling away at work all week, it's good to relax. 在辛苦工作整整一个星期后，放松一下挺好。

assembly line /əˈsem.bli ˌlaɪn/ 表示“装配线；流水作业线”，英文解释为“a line of machines and workers in a factory that a product moves along while it is being built or produced. Each machine or worker performs a particular job that must be finished before the product moves to the next position in the line.”如：assembly-line workers 装配线上的工人。

tire /taɪər/ sb out 表示“使（某人）筋疲力尽”，英文解释为“to make someone feel very tired”举个🌰：Let the kids run around outside - that'll tire them out. 让孩子们在院子里跑跑吧，他们很快就会筋疲力尽的。

在电视/电影节目中，episode表示“一集，一节，片断”（one of the single parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on the television or radio），也可以指“事件；（相关的）一连串事件；一段经历”，英文解释为“a single event or group of related events”举个🌰：This latest episode in the fraud scandal has shocked a lot of people. 诈骗丑闻最新爆出的这一事件让很多人瞠目结舌。

还可以指「疾病的发作，发病」，英文解释为：a finite period in which someone is affected by a specified illness.

补充：

📍第几集用的是Episode，第几季则为Season. 你下载美剧时可能就会看到S01E02，就是指的第1季第2集。最后一集 finale：the last part of a piece of music or of a show, event etc （演出的）终场，最后一幕；（音乐的）终曲；（事件等的）结尾。

🎬还有，看剧时新一集开头通常会有的一个说法：previously on ...，...的前情提要，前情回顾。

umpteenth /ʌmpˈtiːnθ/表示“第无数个的，第无数次的”，英文解释为“used to say that something happened or came after many other similar things”举个🌰：He checked his watch for the umpteenth time. 他看了无数次表。

soothe /suːð,suð/ 1）表示“抚慰，安慰，使平息”，英文解释为“to make someone feel calmer and less anxious, upset, or angry”举个🌰：She made a cup of tea to soothe her nerves. 她泡了杯茶让自己平静下来。

2）表示“减轻，缓和（疼痛）”，英文解释为“to make a pain become less severe, or slowly disappear”举个🌰：Massage can gently soothe away your aches and pains. 按摩可以慢慢地缓解疼痛。

Not only do we sometimes crave repetition, there is power in repetition. Often, repetition is the only possible path to mastery. Playing the same chord sequence again and again, so that we really learn it and really own it, is a necessity. How many times will a budding concert pianist play a sonata before a major competition? How many times did Cezanne stare at and paint his mountain? How many times must a soldier disassemble his weapon and reassemble it before he can do it blindfolded? Many, many, many times.

我们不仅有时渴望重复，重复中还蕴含着力量。通常，重复是通往精通的唯一路径。反复弹奏同一组和弦，以便我们真正学会并掌握它，是必要的。一位崭露头角的钢琴演奏家在重大比赛前会弹奏多少次奏鸣曲？塞尚（Cezanne）盯着山然后画了多少次？一位士兵要拆卸武器并重新组装多少次才能蒙上眼睛完成？答案是很多，很多次。

mastery /ˈmɑː.stər.i/ 表示“熟练，精通”，英文解释为“If someone has a mastery of something, they are extremely skilled at it.”如：her mastery of the violin 她娴熟的小提琴演奏技法。

chord /kɔːd/ 表示“（音乐的）和弦，和音”，英文解释为“three or more musical notes played at the same time”举个🌰：She strummed a few chords on her guitar. 她在吉他上弹了几个和弦。

表示“一连串；一系列；顺序，次序；序列”，英文解释为“a series of related things or events, or the order in which they follow each other”举个🌰：The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence. 这些任务必须按一定次序去执行。

budding /ˈbʌd.ɪŋ/ 表示“开始发展的；崭露头角的”，英文解释为“beginning to develop or show signs of future success in a particular area”举个🌰：While still at school she was clearly a budding genius. 还在学校时她就已崭露头角，凸显出她的天分。

sonata /səˈnɑː.tə/ 表示“奏鸣曲”，英文解释为“a piece of music in three or four parts, either for a piano or for another instrument, such as a violin, sometimes also with a piano”

disassemble /ˌdɪs.əˈsem.bəl/ 表示“拆开，拆卸”，英文解释为“to separate something into its different parts”举个🌰：This video shows you how to disassemble a television set. 这个录像演示怎么拆开电视机。

blindfold /ˈblaɪndˌfəʊld/ 表示“用布蒙住眼睛”，英文解释为“If you blindfold someone, you tie a blindfold over their eyes.”举个🌰：His abductors blindfolded him and drove him to an apartment. 绑架者们用布蒙住了他的眼睛，把他载到了一套公寓里。

Often repetition is simply necessary. I have to proofread each chapter of the book I’m writing many times over in order to catch that last dropped word or other small error. No computer program can catch a dropped word. Only a human being can manage that, and rarely on the first try. On that first try, and often on the second try as well, the writer’s eye and the writer’s mind simply supplies the word that isn’t there, because the writer expects it to be there. So, a third time is necessary, even if the chapter seemed perfect the first two times. That repetition is not pleasant, not a joy, and not a treat. It is just necessary.

通常，重复是必要的。我必须多次校对正在写的书的每一章，以便能找到最终遗漏的单词或其他小错误。计算机程序难以找到遗漏的单词。只有人类能够做到这一点，而且很少能在第一次校对时就找到做到。第一次校对时，甚至经常在第二次校对时，作者的眼睛和思维填补了空缺的单词，因为作者认为它是存在的。所以，即使前两次校对的章节看起来完美，第三次校对也是必要的。这种重复是不愉悦、不快乐的，也不是一种享受。它只是必要的。

proofread /ˈpruːf.riːd/ 表示“校对”，英文解释为“to find and correct mistakes in text before it is printed or put online”

Does it “really matter” if you learn that chord sequence, play that sonata well, capture something about that mountain, know your weapon inside-out, or catch that dropped word? Yes, it does. It disappoints us if we do a slipshod job or less than what’s required. That isn’t to say that we shouldn’t forgive ourselves if a dropped word appears (or, rather, doesn’t appear) in our finished book or if we flub a note at our concert. But, even as we are easy with imperfection, we still stand on the side of excellence.

学会那组和弦、完美演奏那首奏鸣曲、捕捉到那座山的某种特质、对武器了如指掌，或找到那个遗漏的单词，“真的重要”吗？是的，确实重要。如果我们做得马虎，或达不到要求，会让我们感到失望。这并不是说，如果我们的成书中出现（或者说，没有出现）遗漏的单词，或者我们在音乐会上弹错了一个音符，我们不应该原谅自己。但是，即使我们能接受不完美，我们也不能因此而降低我们对卓越的追求。

slipshod /ˈslɪp.ʃɒd/ 表示“（尤指工作）马虎的，不严谨的”，英文解释为“(especially of a piece of work) showing little care, effort, or attention”举个🌰：She complained that the carpenter's work had been slipshod. 她抱怨那个木匠的工作太马虎了。

flub /flʌb/ 表示“犯（错误）；搞坏，搞糟”，英文解释为“to make a mistake or do something badly”举个🌰：Several of the actors flubbed their lines. 有几个演员念错了台词。

类似的：

📍mess up表示“把…搞糟; 把…弄乱”（If you mess something up or if you mess up, you cause something to fail or be spoiled）举个🌰：He had messed up one career. 他已经把一份工作搞砸了。

“Repetition” is a subtle concept and comes with a shadow side. Repetition is one of the ways that we reduce our experience of anxiety, as in repeatedly washing our hands to deal with our anxiety around germs and around life itself. For a creative person, this repetition-as-anxiety-management-device can play itself out as a painter repeating subject matter, not because it interests him but because it soothes him to do something that he finds easy to do; or as a singer repeating her set over and over again, so as to avoid the anxiety that would well up in her if she upset her audience by giving them something unexpected. Artists often repeat themselves in this way so as to avoid experiencing anxiety, at the cost of growth, change, and meaning.

“重复”是一个微妙的概念，也有其消极的一面。重复是我们减少焦虑感的方式之一，比如为了应对我们对细菌和生活本身的焦虑而反复洗手。对于创意人士来说，这种重复作为焦虑管理工具可能会表现为画家创作重复的主题，不是因为他对此感兴趣，而是因为做些他觉得容易做的事让他感到安慰；或者表现为歌手，反复演唱同一组歌曲，以避免如果给观众带来一些意想不到的东西而打乱观众的情绪时所产生的焦虑。艺术家通常以这种方式做重复的事情，以避免经历焦虑，但付出了成长、改变和意义的代价。

表示“难以察觉，难以理解的；微妙的，细微的”，英文解释为“not easy to notice or understand unless you pay careful attention”举个🌰：The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them. 这些图片很相似，但它们之间有细微的差别。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述企业发现AI难以实施的文章中提到：A more subtle problem is that of deciding what to use AI for. 一个更微妙的问题是决定AI派上什么用场。

germ /dʒɜːm/ 表示“病菌；细菌”，英文解释为“a very small organism that causes disease”举个🌰：Wash your hands so you don't get germs on the food. 洗洗手，你就不会把细菌弄到食物上了。

花滑将禁止17岁以下选手参赛文中出现well，用于强调某些介词，英文解释为“used to emphasize some prepositions ”举个🌰：The results are well above/below what we expected. 结果比我们预想的要好/差得多。

霍乱到底是什么病？文中，well作名词，熟词僻义，表示“水井；油井；气井”，英文解释为“a deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil, or gas”。

此处，well /wel/ 作动词，表示“（液体）涌出，溢出”，英文解释为“(of liquid) to appear on the surface of something or come slowly out from somewhere”或者“（情感）涌起；迸发”，举个🌰：Dirty water welled (up) out of the damaged pipe. 污水从损坏的管道中冒了出来。As she read the letter tears welled up in her eyes. 她读信的时候眼泪夺眶而出。

One of my clients, an interior designer, relied on bold patterns dominated by triangles. That was his go-to style, which people loved. But over time it became a crutch. He knew that it was time to move past triangles but his clients demanded them and he himself felt reluctant to make the switch. Another client, a romance writer, wrote romance after romance even after the genre stopped interesting her, because the novel she really wanted to write made her anxious to contemplate and seemed completely beyond her reach. In these instances, repetition was not the answer.

我的一位客户是室内设计师，他喜欢用三角形为主的鲜明图案。这是他的一贯风格，深受人们喜爱。但随着时间的推移，这变成了他的依赖。他知道是时候超越三角形了，但他的客户要求有三角形图案，而他自己也不愿意做出改变。另一位客户是言情小说作家，她写了一部又一部爱情小说，甚至在她对这种体裁不再感兴趣之后也是如此，因为她真正想写的小说让她焦虑不安，似乎完全力不从心。在这种情况下，重复并不能解决问题。

interior /ɪnˈtɪə.ri.ər/ 表示“内部的”，英文解释为“inside”举个🌰：The interior walls have patches of damp on them. 内墙上有片片湿斑。

表示“（为解决某个问题或做某件事情的）必找的（人）；（为找到某件物品或服务的）必去的（地方）；极其可靠的（修饰人/物）；被广泛游览的（修饰地点）”，英文解释为“used to describe the best person to deal with a particular problem or do a particular thing, or the best place to get a particular thing or service”，如：团队里的智囊/扛把子，就可以说 the go-to guy in the team，举个🌰：He was the company's go-to guy for new ideas. 他是公司里新点子的必找之人。

📍Go-to这个词组经常用来描述某样东西或某个人是最佳选择或首选，因为它们的质量、可靠性或其他优点。它描述了一种偏好或常态。

crutch /krʌtʃ/ 原意是“拐杖”，可以表示“（常指过度的）依靠，支撑，支柱”，英文解释为“something that provides help and support and that you depend on, often too much”举个🌰：As an atheist, he believes that religion is just an emotional crutch for the insecure. 作为一个无神论者，他认为宗教不过是缺乏信心的人的精神支柱。

genre /ˈʒɑːnrə/ 表示“（尤指艺术的）风格，类型，体裁”，英文解释为“a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics”举个🌰：What genre does the book fall into - comedy or tragedy? 这本书属于什么体裁——喜剧还是悲剧？

1）表示“考虑；思量；思忖”，英文解释为“to think about whether you should do sth, or how you should do sth”举个🌰：I have never contemplated living abroad. 我从未考虑过去国外居住。

2）表示“考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）”，英文解释为“to think carefully about and accept the possibility of sth happening”举个🌰：The thought of war is too awful to contemplate. 战争太可怕了，真不敢去想。

3）表示“深思熟虑；沉思；苦思冥想”，英文解释为“to think deeply about sth for a long time”举个🌰：She lay in bed, contemplating. 她躺在床上冥思苦想。

4）表示“端详；凝视”，英文解释为“to look at sb/sth in a careful way for a long time”举个🌰：She contemplated him in silence. 她默默地注视着他。

Because of these complexities, it’s on our shoulders to maintain awareness and do a good job of distinguishing between those times when repetition is a crutch and those times when repetition is a requirement. Remember that often it is an absolute necessity. Excellence can come out of the blue but more often it comes because we’ve been applying ourselves, again and again, playing that chord sequence or checking for that dropped word. Repetition has a shadow side but more usually it is the lifeblood of our daily practice.

由于这些复杂性，我们有责任保持警觉，并很好地区分重复何时是依赖，何时是必要的。记住，重复往往是绝对必要的。有时，卓越的成绩会意外降临，但更常见的是，因为我们一次又一次地努力，一遍又一遍地弹奏和弦，一遍又一遍地校对遗漏的单词，才会有卓越的成绩。重复有它的消极一面，但更多时候它是我们日常实践的生命线。

distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ 表示“辨别；区分”，英文解释为“If you can distinguish one thing from another or distinguish between two things, you can see or understand how they are different.”举个🌰：Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark. 研究显示婴儿是通过区分明亮区域和黑暗区域来学会观看的。

表示“出乎意料地;突然”，英文解释为“If something happens out of the blue, it is completely unexpected.”举个🌰：One day, out of the blue, she announced that she was leaving. 有一天，她突然宣布要走。

lifeblood /ˈlaɪf.blʌd/ 表示“命脉，生命线”，英文解释为“the thing that is most important to the continuing success and existence of something else”举个🌰：Tourism is the lifeblood of Hawaii's economy. 旅游业是夏威夷的经济命脉。

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