近日，英国埃克塞特大学（University of Exeter）研究人员的一项研究表明，因全球变暖，全球香蕉产量巨幅下降，到2050年香蕉或将完全消失。
该研究发表在期刊《自然气候变化（Nature Climate Change）》上。
▲Why The Banana Business Of Chiquita And Dole Is At Risk
CLIMATE CHANGE COULD SEE SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN BANANA PRODUCTION BY 2050
The Independent
'It is imperative that we invest in preparing tropical agriculture for future climate change'Climate change could prompt a major decline in banana production rates around the world, a new study has found.
表示“紧急的，极重要的”，英文解释为“extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately”举个🌰：
It is absolutely imperative that we finish by next week.
我们的当务之急是必须于下周完成。
The research, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, found that 27 countries have seen an increase in crop yield since 1961 due to more favourable growing conditions.
crop yield 粮食产量，作物产量；谷物收获量，In agriculture, crop yield (also known as "agricultural output") refers to both agrivet and culture that can measure of the yield of a crop per unit area of land cultivation, and the seed generation of the plant itself (e.g. if three grains are harvested for each grain seeded, the resulting yield is 1:3).
yield作名词，表示“产量；收益”，英文解释为“the amount of profits, crops etc that something produces”举个🌰：
The average milk yield per cow has doubled.
每头奶牛的平均产奶量翻了一番。
But if the impact of climate change continues at its current rate, the report estimates that these rewards could either disappear completely or be significantly reduced by 2050.
The study predicted that 10 countries would see a major reduction in crop yields, including India, which is the world's largest producer of bananas. Brazil was also included in the list, which is the fourth largest banana producer around the globe.
Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama were also named, all of which are major banana exporters.
Researchers made their predictions based on modelling techniques that allowed them to assess the climate sensitivity of banana production around the world.
It wasn't all bad news though, as the study found that some countries, including Ecuador, could see a benefit in banana crop yields as a result of the changing climate.Ecuador厄瓜多尔（位于拉丁美洲）
Britons purchase more than five billion bananas each year, with the UK accounting for seven per cent of the global export market.
Lead author Dr Dan Bebber of the University of Exeter said: “There will be winners and losers in coming years, and our study may stimulate vulnerable countries to prepare through investment in technologies like irrigation.”
In academic publishing, the lead author, or first author, is the first named author of a publication such as a research article or audit. 此处指该项研究论文的第一作者，主要作者。
Bebber added: “It is imperative that we invest in preparing tropical agriculture for future climate change.”- END -
这篇太短太简单啦，再来看一篇摘自Newscientist的相关介绍：Bananas have benefited from climate change – but they won’t in future.Climate change has been relatively kind to banana suppliers so far – but in the decades to come, friend may turn to foe. Temperatures are likely to get so hot that the annual production gains enjoyed by banana suppliers will begin to drop. And in some places, total banana yields will begin to decline.
表示“敌人，仇敌”，英文解释为“an enemy”，如：Britain’s friends and foes 英国的朋友和敌人。
Bananas are a staple crop for millions, and one of the world's top 10 crops in terms of the cultivated area devoted to their growth and the calories they provide to the global population. For the past 60 years, annual yields have been increasing by 1.37 tonnes a hectare as the world warms, and now stand at about 10-40 tonnes per hectare.
作形容词，表示“主要的；最重要的”，英文解释为“forming the greatest or most important part of something”，如：a staple ingredient of comedy 喜剧最重要的成分；staple diet 主食，举个🌰：
They live on a staple diet of rice and vegetables.
他们以大米和蔬菜为主食。
表示“有…水平（数量）”，英文解释为“to be at a particular level or amount”举个🌰：
Illiteracy rates are still thought to stand above 50 percent.
文盲比例仍被认为超过 50%。
But a new study by Dan Bebber at the University of Exeter, UK, and his colleagues suggests that as climate change continues, annual yield gains will begin to slump. By 2050, they may be down to 0.19-0.59 tonnes per hectare.
表示“（价格、价值或数量）暴跌，骤降”，英文解释为“to suddenly go down in price, value, or number”，举个🌰：
Sales slumped by 15% last year.
去年销售额骤减15%。
上个月在腾讯财报：员工平均月薪7.27万？你酸了吗？一文中，刚出现过：Tencent shares slumped as much as 3.88% on Thursday after the Chinese technology giant reported a mixed bag of second-quarter results.
反义词：
soar表示“猛增，骤升”（to increase quickly to a high level），举个🌰：
The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks.
最近几个星期汽油价格猛涨。
“Bananas can take it pretty hot,” says Bebber. “But some of our big suppliers are under serious threat, particularly in Latin America.” India and Colombia will be so badly affected that total annual banana yields will begin to fall, he says.
Bebber and Varun Varma of the National Centre for Biological Sciences in Bangalore, India, built a model of optimal conditions for banana production, based on databases from 27 countries stretching back to 1961, combined with temperature and rainfall records. Globally, the ideal average temperature for the crop appears to be 26.7°C, but the best level varies from country to country. Temperatures in the future were assumed to follow two of the UN climate science panel's worst scenarios.
Bananas are cheap in high income countries, so producers are likely to be badly affected by any change in production yields. “For farmers, even small losses are a problem, particularly with bananas where the margins are tiny,” says Bebber. An estimated 400 million people eat bananas as a staple starch, so there are food security implications too.
表示“利润，赚头”，英文解释为“the profit made on a product or service ”举个🌰：
Our increased profits are due to improved margins and successful cost control.
我们盈利上涨，是因为改善了利润并成功地控制了开支。
表示“淀粉；含淀粉的食物”，英文解释为“a substance which provides your body with energy and is found in foods such as grain, rice, and potatoes, or a food that contains this substance”举个🌰：
He eats a lot of starch.
他吃大量含淀粉的食物。
补充：
carbohydrate /ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt/碳水化合物，糖类：a substance that is in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes, which provides your body with heat and energy and which consists of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon.
Robert Caine at the University of Sheffield, UK, says developing countries may need to use modern technologies to combat the effects of climate change on farming.
Bebber says the recent arrival of a deadly fungus in Latin America, Tropical Race 4 (TR4), is a more immediate and severe danger to bananas. But he says the fungal threat could potentially be less of a problem, because it could be solved by cross-breeding or genetic engineering. Adapting to a hotter Earth, on the other hand, would require changing the whole physiology of bananas.
fungus /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ 表示“真菌”，英文解释为“a simple type of plant that has no leaves or flowers and that grows on plants or other surfaces. mushrooms and mould are both fungi.”
cross-breeding 杂交
genetic engineering 遗传/基因工程
▲A HISTORY of the BANANA
- END -
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