阅 读 理 解

（1）Learn about the ‘crown’ ...冠状病毒是个什么“毒”？

With the COVID-19 epidemic (传染病) hitting China, many of you might want to know more about the virus. The disease is caused by a newly-found type of coronavirus (冠状病毒). Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses. The word “corona” comes from Latin and refers to crowns (王冠). When people first saw a coronavirus under a microscope (显微镜), they found that its spikes (刺突) made it look like a crown. That’s how the virus family got its name. Some coronaviruses cause disease in humans; others spread illness among animals, including camels, cats and bats.

We have found seven types of coronavirus that can infect (影响) humans so far. Four of them are common and cause respiratory (呼吸道的) illnesses such as mild flu. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve (进化) and then spread among people, such as with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS，中东呼吸综合症) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS，严重急性呼吸综合症). Novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒), which was first found in Wuhan, is the seventh one. 

根据短文内容选择正确答案

1. Why was the virus family named coronavirus?

A. Because it didn’t exist before.

B. Because it was found by a Latin scientist.

C. Because coronaviruses have crown-like spikes.

D. Because coronaviruses can only be seen under a microscope.

2. COVID-19 is the seventh coronavirus that  _____.

A. has ever been found on Earth

B. can infect humans

C. can spread among animals

D. doesn’t harm wild animals

3. What do we know from the story?

A. It’s easy for animals to spread coronaviruses to humans.

B. Mild flu is the most common illness caused by coronaviruses.

C. All coronaviruses cause respiratory illnesses.

D. MERS was also caused by a type of coronavirus.

  答案：1—3 CBD

（2）那些被视为“美味”的野生动物有多“毒”？Watch out for wild ones

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has already made tens of thousands of people sick. Where did the virus come from?Scientists say it probably came from bats.

Bats can carry and transmit (传播) more than 60 viruses that can infect (传染) humans, Live Science noted. They include the world’s deadliest viruses, such as Ebola and HIV. Due to their strong immune systems (免疫系统), bats are able to host these viruses and not get sick. At the same time, the viruses keep developing inside the bats to create new variants (变体). These variants can then infect new hosts, such as other wild animals.

Pangolins (穿山甲), for example, might be an intermediate host (中间宿主) for NCP, according to a recent study by Chinese scientists. This means that bats might have given the virus to pangolins, with pangolins then spreading it to humans.

Wild animals like snakes, hedgehogs (刺猬) and bamboo rats also carry various viruses. But since they live in the wild, there should be little chance for humans to come into contact with them and get infected – unless the animals are eaten or used to make animal products. When people hunt, buy and eat wild animals, they can introduce viruses to the rest of the population.

But this doesn’t mean that we should kill wild animals. Each species has a role in the ecosystem (生态系统) and all of them are important in keeping a natural ecological balance. The lesson wecan learn from disease outbreaks is to respect and protect animals and to live in harmony with them instead of hunting, killing, or eating them.

根据短文内容选择正确答案。

1. Why can bats host many viruses without getting sick?

A. Because these viruses are not deadly.

B. Because they have strong immune systems.

C. Because the viruses are kept in balance.

D. Because they can spread the viruses to other animals.

2. According to a recent study, humans might get infected with COVID-19 from _____.

A. pangolins           B. snakes

C. hedgehogs        D. bamboo rats

3. What does the word “harmony” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. 隔离     B. 和谐      C. 伤害       D. 集中

4. According to the story, what lesson should humans learn?

A. Research more about wild animals.

B. Exercise regularly to stay healthy.

C. Stop keeping animals as pets.

D. Don’t buy or eat wild animals.

答案：1—4 BABD

（3）科比：不说再见。Remembering a legend

On Jan 26, people around the world were shocked to hear of the sudden passing of Kobe Bryant, one of the NBA’s most legendary (传奇性的) players. The 41-year-old, his 13-year-old daughter Gianna Bryant and seven others died when their helicopter crashed in California, US.

People from all walks of life have paid tribute (敬意) to the late basketball superstar – not just for his achievements on the court, but for his genuine (真诚的) personality and the inspiration (激励) he provided to so many people.

In the basketball world, Bryant ranks among the top players of all time. Fans remember him as the player who helped the Los Angeles Lakers win five NBA championships during his 20-year-long career. He started out as a basketball prodigy (神童) who skipped college and took his talents directly to the NBA. His deadly agility (敏捷) and aggressive tactics (进攻性的策略) earned him the nickname Black Mamba (进攻性极强的一种非洲毒蛇). That’s why his competitive philosophy (哲学) is known as the “Mamba Mentality”.

“Mamba Mentality is you’re going, you’re competing, you’re not worried about the end result,” Bryant said. “It’s all about focusing on the process and trusting in the hard work when it matters most.”

Off the court, he was known as a successful businessman, buying stakes (股份) in several companies, including Alibaba and Dell. He also left footprints in the movie industry, winning an Oscar in 2018 with his short film Dear Basketball.

He was also known as a proud family man. His friend, baseball star Derek Jeter, remembered him as such in an essay: “Throughout our friendship, the most meaningful conversations we had – they were always about family.”

As the Los Angeles Times noted, Bryant’s greatness was cemented (强化) by his skill, hard work and tireless pursuit of victory. His legacy   (留给后人的东西) will live on long after his death.

根据短文内容选择正确答案。

1. What do we know about the crash?

A. Nine people were killed.

B. The helicopter crashed in Florida.

C. The crash happened on Jan 25.

D. Bryant was the pilot of the helicopter.

2. To play basketball in the NBA, what did Bryant do?

A. He chose “Black Mamba” as his nickname.

B. He competed with five other players.

C. He trained with a talented coach.

D. He had to give up on college.

3. According to Bryant, “Mamba Mentality” means _____.

A. caring about the final result

B. working hard in the moment

C. trusting your teammates all the time

D. focusing on school

4. In Jeter’s eyes, Bryant was a man who ___.

A. loved his family very much

B. was good at doing business

C. inspired many people

D. had many genuine friends

5. What is the story mainly about?

A. How Bryant’s helicopter crashed.

B. What Bryant’s fans did in memory of him.

C. Why Bryant chose to be a basketball player.

D. Why so many people felt sad about Bryant’s death.

1—5 ADBAD

      （4）流感的危害以及预防

It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you wake up, you feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold! Wait a moment. Could it just be a common cold or the flu (流感) that’s been going around?

A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But it’s usually easy to deal with. Some take medicine while others drink herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week.

On the other hand, the flu can be much more dangerous. It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can cause death. According to an American magazine, the worst flu killed about 50 million people from 1918 to 1919.

Don’t worry. If you get a flu vaccine (疫苗), it can stop you from getting the virus (病毒). Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small amount of flu viruses. This causes your body to develop antibodies (抗体). So next time you get the flu, the antibodies should help you.

The flu virus changes every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as H1N1 and H5N1. The antibodies for one type of flu can’t help us against all types of flu. That’s why we need to get the vaccine every year.

However, good health habits may also help stop you developing a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps stop you from getting viruses. It is also important to get regular exercise and eat healthy food. All these can help you strengthen your immune system (增强免疫系统).

1.If you have a common cold, usually you’ll feel better after ________.

A．a week    B．two weeks    C．ten days    D．twenty days

2. According to the passage, which is TRUE of the flu?

A．It first happened in 1919.

B．It usually doesn’t give you fever.

C．It is easy to deal with.

D．It can kill people sometimes.

3. If you get a flu vaccine, ________.

A．it can’t stop you from getting the flu virus

B．it won’t cause your body to develop antibodies

C．your body will develop antibodies

D．your body will get a large amount of flu viruses

4. We need to get a flu vaccine every year because ________.

A．we probably have a cold in winter

B．the flu virus changes every few years

C．the flu is very dangerous

D．you don’t need to take any medicine after that

5. The following ways can help stop the flu EXCEPT ________.

A．staying indoors    B．getting regular exercise

C．eating healthy food    D．washing our hands often

 阅 读 判 断

特殊的袋子

You have to be careful when throwing away wet waste, which may include food or other kinds of garbage. Maybe these kinds of waste have made a big mess when you’ve thrown them away before.  

Shi Yuan, 14, from Shanghai Wenlai Middle School, has made a special bag to solve this problem. The plastic bag has a band of adhesive tape (粘贴带). When one end of the tape is open, the bag can be turned upside-down. You can hold the bottom end and easily throw wet garbage into a trash can.

Shi came up with the idea after an unpleasant experience in which he got wet waste all over his pants while throwing it away. He found that many other people had the same problem. He decided to solve this issue and invented his special bag.

He first thought about using a cloth bag or placing a bag break on his trash cans. But neither of these ideas worked. So he decided to just design his own garbage bag. “I didn’t want to put any extra burden (负担) on the bag, so I used adhesive tape,” Shi said.

However, the original bag was a one-off product (一次性产品) and not environmentally friendly. So Shi kept on improving his design. He remembered reading about the adhesive used for Post-it notes (便利贴). Shi thought this weak glue (胶水) could be used for the adhesive tape and allow the garbage bag to be reused.

Shi’s bag has become popular in many communities. He has already sold 2 million bags online. His father is quite proud of him.

“Kids like to play. Shi just changed the way he ‘plays’ and put his mind toward exploring a way to make life easier,” Shi’s father said.

根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。

1. Shi’s bag makes it easier to throw away wet waste

2. Shi decided to design the bag because he thought he could make money.

3. Shi use adhesive tape to make the special bag before thinking about using a gunny bag.

4. Paragraph 5 explains how Shi’s bag helped with his problem.

5. We can know Shi’s creation has helped a lot of people from the story?

阅 读 表 达

正月剪头与舅舅的关系。Worst time to cut your hair?

Q: Why do Chinese people think getting a haircut in the first lunar month will harm their uncles (舅舅)?

A: In Chinese tradition, it is said that getting a haircut during the first lunar month would cause one’s mother’s brothers to die.Although this is not true, some people still choose to avoid cutting their hair during this time. They wait until Dragon Head-Raising Day (龙抬头), the second day of the second lunar month, to line up outside barber shops (理发店).

Nobody knows why haircuts have anything to do with one’s uncles. One popular theory (理论) says the tradition might’ve started during the early years of the Qing Dynasty (清朝). At the time, as new rulers, the Manchu people forced the Han people to cut their hair in the Manchu style. Many Han people refused to do it. They decided not to cut their hair during the first lunar month, saying it was to “commemorate the former dynasty”, or in Chinese, “思旧”. Since “思旧” sounds very similar to “dead uncle”, there may have been a misunderstanding and thus the “no haircut” tradition.

Ancient (古代的) Chinese people thought that the human body, including one’s skin and hair, was something that was naturally given by one’s parents and should not be altered (改变). Therefore, they cherished their hair very much and considered cutting hair to be a great insult (侮辱) to one’s parents.

But this doesn’t mean they never took care of their hair. They would wash, comb and trim (修整) their hair and beards regularly. 

根据短文内容选择正确答案。

1. Why do many Chinese people avoid cutting their hair during the first lunar month?

_______________________________________

2. According to one popular theory, when did the “no haircut” tradition start?

_______________________________________

3. Many Han people refused to cut their hair and used the first lunar month to _________

_______________________________________.

4. What does the third paragraph in the answer section explain?

_______________________________________

5. Please translate the following sentence into Chinese.

Therefore, they cherished their hair very much and considered cutting hair to be a great insult to one’s parents.

_______________________________________

完形填空

It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you  1   , you suddenly feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold! Wait a second. Could it just be a  2  cold or the flu that’s been going around?

A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But it’s usually easy to 3   with. Some take medicine such as aspirin (阿司匹林) while others try home treatments like herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week.

The flu on the other hand can be much more  4  . It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can be deadly. The worst  5  , the so-called Spanish Flu of 1918 to 1919, killed about 50 million people, according to The Atlantic.

Don’t worry. Getting a flu vaccine (流感疫苗) can  6   you from the virus (病毒). Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small amount of flu viruses. This causes our body to develop antibodies (抗体).  7   next time you get the flu, the antibodies can help protect you.

Unfortunately, the flu virus  8  every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as H1N1 and H5N1. The antibodies for one type of flu can’t protect us against all types of flu. That’s  9  we need to get the vaccine every year.

However, good health   10   may also help to prevent a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps protect you from viruses. Getting regular exercise and eating healthy food is also   important. All these can help you strengthen  your immune system (免疫系统).

1. A. stand up    B. turn up     C. give up     D. wake up

2. A. common    B. little       C. popular     D. strange

3. A. agree       B. deal       C. meet       D. start

4. A. interesting   B. familiar    C. dangerous   D. smooth

5. A. cold        B. flu        C. cough      D. fever

6. A. protect      B. leave      C. recover     D. draw

7. A. So          B. Unless    C. Since       D. As

8. A. stops        B. changes   C. spreads      D. kills

9. A. how       B. when      C. whether     D. why

10. A. clubs      B. customs    C. habits       D. hobbies

答案：1—5 DABCB 6—10 AABDC

书面表达

冬春交替之际，气温变化明显，也是疾病的多发季节，尤其是流感等。但是，只要提前做好预防，就可以在很大程度上避免疾病的侵扰。正如一些医生所说，大家都应当重视自己的健康，不必去惧怕疾病，而应该积极去预防。请根据以下提示，写一篇如何预防疾病的作文。

注意：1．词数100左右； 

  2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

  3．参考词汇：颗粒病毒：virus particles

Hello，everybody！It's true that many people are infected with flu virus when the weather changes frequently．                

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you．

【参考范文】

Hello，everybody！It's true that many people are infected with flu virus when the weather changes frequently．I'll tell you two easy ways to deal with it．

There is one easy way to protect again infection----frequent hand washing．It's a surprisingly effective way to prevent all sorts of diseases，including the flu virus．（Influenza can spread in the way of coughs or sneezes．However，it's more likely that virus particles can linger on tabletops，telephones and other surfaces and be transferred via fingers to the mouth and nose．

Staying at home is the other simple way．It means staying away from other people who might be infected． If people have the flu，they should avoid using public transportation．Anyone with flu-like symptoms such as a sudden fever，cough or muscle aches should see a doctor at once．

Thank you!

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