双语干货 | 时政话语中数字化简称的翻译策略及汇总

数字化简称是中国时政话语的一大特色，如“四个全面”“五位一体”等。这种简称高度概括凝练，运用等量的英文进行翻译非常困难。在单篇讲话或文献中，如果此类表述出现次数不多，可在译文中将其含义完整地表述出来；但如果出现频率较高，或者几个简称并列，则需要用对应的英文简称加上注释的方式来译出，以免反复解释同一表述造成冗赘之感。数字化简称的翻译一般可采取如下策略：

用数字加可数名词复数的直译方式进行翻译。例如：“四大考验”译为 Four Tests，这样最符合英文语法规则和习惯。但如果译文中只能选择不可数名词或动词，也可参照英语 dos and don’ts 的用法，采取不可数名词或动词加上复数的办法，实现与原文形式上的对应，以避免片面或过度解读和翻译。例如：“四个现代化”（Four Modernizations）、“两个维护”（Two Upholds）、“三个代表”（Three Represents）等。

在数字后面加上表示范畴的词（如sphere、pronged、point等），或加上定性的词（如strategy、plan、initiative、framework、theory、measure等）来译出。例如：“四个自信”（Four-sphere Confidence）、“四个全面”（Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy）等。这种策略常见于简称中的关键词译文为不可数名词、形容词或副词的情况，可以避免直接在这些词后加复数。

不一定字对字译出中文提炼出的关键词，而是译出其核心的共同特质。例如：“七个有之”(Seven Malpractices）。这种译文往往一目了然，可以帮助外国受众迅速理解重大概念的主要内容。

需要注意的是，无论采用上述哪一种翻译方式，如果不做出进一步解释，外国受众都难以准确、完整地理解这些数字化简称。因此，当此类概念首次出现时，无论中文原文是否提供完整表述或注释，英文都应该给出相应的说明。

One Country, Two Systems

“一带一路”

The Belt and Road Initiative

“一个中心、两个基本点”

"One central task and two basic points"

"两个一百年"奋斗目标

The Two Centenary Goals

“两个维护”

the “Two Upholds” (Upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping's position as the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole Party, as well as the authority of the CPC Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership)

“两学一做”学习教育

"Two Studies and One Action" Education Campaign

两不愁三保障

Two Assurances and Three Guarantees

“两弹一星”

The "Two Bombs and One Satellite"

“两路”精神

the spirit of the “Two Roads” (the Sichuan-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet Highway)

“三个代表”重要思想

Theory of Three Represents

"三严三实"

The Three Guidelines for Ethical Behavior and the Three Basic Rules of Conduct

“三步走”战略

Three-Step Development Strategy

三大攻坚战

Three Tough Battles (preventing and defusing financial risk, targeted poverty alleviation, and pollution control)

"三农"问题

Issues Relating to Agriculture, Rural Areas and the Wellbeing of Farmers

“三位一体”监管机构

A Three-pronged Regulatory System

"四个全面"战略布局

Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy

“四个自信”

the “Four Matters of Confidence” (Confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics)

“四个意识”

the “Four Consciousnesses” (maintain political integrity, think in terms of the big picture, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership)

"四风"问题

the “Four Forms of Decadence” (formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance)

四个现代化

Four modernizations

四项基本原则

The Four Cardinal Principles

"四个没有变"

The four features of China's economic conditions that remain unchanged

“四有”干部

The "Four Things" Officials Should Keep in Mind

“四个问题”

Four Key Issues in Poverty Alleviation

五大发展理念

five concepts for development

和平共处五项原则

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

“五位一体”总体布局

The Five-sphere Integrated Plan

“五级书记”

Party secretaries at five levels (the CPC Central committee, provincial committee, municipal committee, county-level committee, and village committee)

“五个一批”

the “Five-pronged Poverty Alleviation Measures” (developing production, relocation, ecological compensation, development of education, securing basic needs through social security)

“六个精准”

the “Six Precisions” in poverty alleviation (precision of target, measures to the household, use of funds, stationing of first village secretary, and effect of poverty alleviation)

“六稳”、“六保”

stabilize the Six Fronts and guarantee the Six Priorities (stabilize the Six Fronts – employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations, and guarantee the Six Priorities – jobs, daily living needs, food and energy security, industrial and supply chains, the operation of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government.)

“七个强化”

the “Seven Strengthening” (strengthening theoretical competence, the sense of mission, responsibility, work in poverty alleviation, the awareness of development, honesty and self-discipline, and organizational construction)

八项规定

The Eight Rules

八荣八耻

eight-honor and eight-shame

“九二共识”

"1992 Consensus"

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