双语全文 | 五个核武器国家领导人发表联合声明

图源：外交部

五个核武器国家领导人

关于防止核战争与避免军备竞赛的联合声明

Joint statement of the leaders of the five Nuclear-Weapon States on preventing nuclear war and avoiding arms races

01 中华人民共和国、法兰西共和国、俄罗斯联邦、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国认为，避免核武器国家间爆发战争和减少战略风险是我们的首要责任。

The People's Republic of China, the French Republic, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America consider the avoidance of war between Nuclear-Weapon States and the reduction of strategic risks as our foremost responsibilities.

重点/表达

Nuclear-Weapon States 核武器国家

strategic risks 战略风险

foremost /ˈfɔːməʊst/ adj. 最前的，最重要的

翻译/点津

其实，不只是英译汉，在汉译英时我们也要学着去找主干，find the focus。

原文的主干是“XX认为XX是首要责任”，这里可以用上短语“consider...as... 把…看作…”将句子串起来，再填入主语“中华人民共和国、法兰西共和国……”、宾语“避免核武器国家间爆发战争和减少战略风险”以及as后面的“我们的首要责任”。

02 我们申明核战争打不赢也打不得。鉴于核武器使用将造成影响深远的后果，我们也申明，只要核武器继续存在，就应该服务于防御目的、慑止侵略和防止战争。我们坚信必须防止核武器进一步扩散。

We affirm that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. As nuclear use would have far-reaching consequences, we also affirm that nuclear weapons－for as long as they continue to exist－should serve defensive purposes, deter aggression, and prevent war. We believe strongly that the further spread of such weapons must be prevented.

重点/表达

far-reaching consequences深远影响

serve defensive purposes 服务于防御目的

deter /dɪˈtɜː(r)/ v. 使打消念头，防止

the further spread of …的进一步扩散

翻译/点津

英语是个“谨小慎微”的语言，十分注重“形合”。

汉语可以直接说成“核战争打不赢也打不得”，无需将“被动语态”的形式体现出来，大家能知道其中的意思即可，但在英语里却不行。

在英语思维看来，“核战争”自己是不会打战的，必须要有一个“发起者”。所以汉译英时往往需要将句子暗含的“被动语态”翻译出来。译文就将“打不赢也不得”翻译成“cannot be won and must never be fought”。

03 我们重申应对核威胁的重要性，并强调维护和遵守我们的双、多边不扩散、裁军和军控协议和承诺的重要性。我们将继续遵守《不扩散核武器条约》各项义务，包括我们对第六条的义务，“就及早停止核军备竞赛和核裁军方面的有效措施，以及就一项在严格和有效国际监督下的全面彻底裁军条约，真诚地进行谈判”。

We reaffirm the importance of addressing nuclear threats and emphasize the importance of preserving and complying with our bilateral and multilateral non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control agreements and commitments. We remain committed to our Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) obligations, including our Article VI obligation "to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control."

重点/表达

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 《不扩散核武器条约》

non-proliferation /ˌnɒn prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/ n.（尤指对核武器或化学武器的）不扩散，防止扩散

disarmament /dɪsˈɑːməmənt/ n. 裁军

the nuclear arms race 核军备竞赛

cessation /seˈseɪʃn/ n. 停止，中断

at an early date 早日，尽早

翻译/点津

“就及早停止核军备竞赛和核裁军方面的有效措施，以及就一项在严格和有效国际监督下的全面彻底裁军条约，真诚地进行谈判。”

"to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control."

这句的译文对语序做了调整，将“真诚地进行谈判”提前，用to pursue negotiations on...and on...将整个句子串起来。

04 我们愿保持并进一步增强各自国家措施，以防止核武器未经授权或意外使用。我们重申此前关于不瞄准的声明依然有效，重申我们不将核武器瞄准彼此或其他任何国家。

We each intend to maintain and further strengthen our national measures to prevent unauthorized or unintended use of nuclear weapons. We reiterate the validity of our previous statements on de-targeting, reaffirming that none of our nuclear weapons are targeted at each other or at any other State.

重点/表达

de-targeting 不瞄准

be targeted at 瞄准

翻译/点津

很多人看到“意外使用”可能会下意识地将“意外”翻译成accidental（happens by chance）或者unexpected（you did not think that it was likely to happen），这两个词更强调事情发生的偶然性、意外性。

实际上原文的“意外”更侧重于“计划之外的”这一含义，所以用unintended（results were not planned to happen）更为合适一些。

05 我们强调愿与各国一道努力，创造更有利于促进裁军的安全环境，最终目标是以各国安全不受减损的原则建立一个无核武器世界。我们将继续寻找双、多边外交方式，避免军事对抗，增强稳定性和可预见性，增进相互理解和信任，并防止一场毫无裨益且危及各方的军备竞赛。我们决心在相互尊重和承认彼此安全利益与关切的基础上开展建设性对话。

We underline our desire to work with all states to create a security environment more conducive to progress on disarmament with the ultimate goal of a world without nuclear weapons with undiminished security for all. We intend to continue seeking bilateral and multilateral diplomatic approaches to avoid military confrontations, strengthen stability and predictability, increase mutual understanding and confidence, and prevent an arms race that would benefit none and endanger all. We are resolved to pursue constructive dialogue with mutual respect and acknowledgment of each other's security interests and concerns.

重点/表达

conducive /kənˈdjuːsɪv/ adj. 有助的，有益的（+to）

undiminished /ˌʌndɪˈmɪnɪʃt/ adj. 未衰减的；未缩减的

diplomatic approaches 外交方式

military confrontations 军事对抗

benefit none and endanger all 毫无裨益且危及各方

be resolved to do sth. 下决心做某事

constructive dialogue 建设性对话

mutual respect 相互尊重

翻译/点津

“各国安全不受减损的原则 with undiminished security for all”这句的翻译用了省略法，将“的原则”省去。“原则”一词属于范畴词，本身没有实质的意义，删去之后对原文的意义不会产生影响，翻译时可以省去不译。类似的范畴词还有 “问题、状态、情况、工作” 等。