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中国在乌克兰问题上是什么立场?秦刚辟谣中方事先知情

冰汝 冰汝看美国 2022-03-16

这几天看美国媒体的新闻,把小王身边不少华人朋友都看焦虑了,把美国人也看蒙圈了。两天前,匿名美国情报界人士就开始给《纽约时报》《华盛顿邮报》爆料,说俄罗斯向中国寻求军事装备以及经济援助。但既没有细节,也没有证据。但这样无凭无据的内容,在俄乌局势升温之际,还是炸锅了。


新闻刚出来的时候,稍微有点常识的人都会存在疑问:俄罗斯如何回应?中国如何回应?俄罗斯真的需要武器支持吗?中国为什么愿意提供支持呢?


实际上,从俄罗斯到中国政府,这两天都做出了非常明确的回应。俄罗斯总统新闻秘书佩斯科夫,否认俄方曾请求中方,提供军事援助。中国外交部指出,美方不时制造和传播虚假信息,既不专业、也不道德,更不负责任。只会使美国进一步失信于世界。


但是,这些回应在美国却被“静音”了,大部分美国媒体忽略中俄的表态。



就在今天,CNN主播在连线一位俄罗斯专家的时候,还是这样提问的:“美国情报显示俄罗斯向中国寻求军事装备,而中国可能会帮助俄罗斯,请问这样的行为是不是应该受到美国制裁?”

听到这里,小王心里咯噔一下!中国啥时候说可能要帮俄罗斯了?就连美国白宫与国务院,在被问到中国是否支持俄罗斯这个问题上的时候,态度也相当谨慎,只回答两个字:no comment. 但美国媒体和一些对华鹰派人士已经把假设,无端推论,转化为了既定事实,甚至开始讨论制裁中国的必要性。

而这样先入为主,抹黑造谣的观点并非孤立,而是非常具有代表性。美国南卡罗来纳州的资深共和党参议员格雷尔姆就做出了如果中国帮助俄罗斯,那么美国就要制裁的表态。


还有议员的推文,直接把 IF都省略了,这里就不贴图助长她造谣了。


秦刚撰文辟谣


在美国媒体大肆宣传之下,不断有美国朋友询问小王:中国真的要帮俄罗斯吗?对于这个问题,今天中国驻美大使秦刚作出了权威解答,他在《华盛顿邮报》撰文“中国在乌克兰问题上的立场”。



全文翻译如下:

随着乌克兰危机不断发展,我知道有很多美国民众关心中国在此事上的立场。我愿在此详细阐述,化解误解甚至谣言。


有人散布虚假信息,称中方事先对俄罗斯的军事行动知情并要求俄方在北京冬奥会后再动手。也有谣言称俄方要求中方提供军事援助。我愿负责任地告诉各位,所谓中方事先知情、“默许”、“纵容”等说法完全是虚假信息,意在推卸责任,抹黑中国。在乌克兰有6000多名中国公民生活学习,中国是俄、乌最大贸易伙伴国,也是世界上最大的原油和天然气进口国。俄乌发生冲突,于中方没有半点好处。中方不可能在知情情况下不予劝阻。


中国长期奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,坚定维护公平正义,始终根据事情本身的是非曲直决定立场。在乌克兰问题上,中方态度是客观、公正的:遵守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,尊重和保障包括乌克兰在内的各国主权和领土完整,照顾各国合理安全关切,支持一切有利于和平解决危机的努力。


美方官员多次威胁对中国企业进行制裁,这毫无道理。战争和制裁都不可能带来和平。美方一方面寻求中方支持配合,一方面对中方挥舞制裁大棒,这是行不通的。


有人把台湾问题和乌克兰危机联系起来,渲染台海冲突风险。这是本质不同的两件事,乌克兰是主权国家,而台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分,台湾问题是中国内政。一些人不能在乌克兰问题上强调主权原则,转过头就在台湾问题上损害中国主权和领土完整。台湾的前途希望在于两岸关系和平发展并最终实现祖国统一。中方将继续坚持和平统一政策,同时保留遏制“台独”的一切选项。我们希望美方切实恪守一个中国原则,不以任何方式支持“台独”分裂活动。从维护台海长期和平稳定出发,中美要合力遏制“台独”。


在乌克兰问题上,中方疾呼国际社会聚焦劝和促谈和防止大规模人道主义危机两件事,并为此付出大量努力。冲突发生第二天,习近平主席同普京总统通话时就提出希望看到俄乌双方尽早和谈,并得到了积极回应。近日,习近平主席与法、德领导人视频会晤,再次提出各方要共同支持俄乌和谈,并谈出和平。中央外事工作委员会办公室主任杨洁篪同美国总统国家安全事务助理沙利文在罗马举行会晤,王毅国务委员兼外长同布林肯国务卿等各国外长保持密切沟通,就乌克兰问题交换意见。中方还提出6点倡议,包括人道主义行动必须遵守中立公正原则,全面关注乌克兰流离失所者,切实保护平民,保障人道援助活动顺利安全开展,确保在乌外国人安全以及支持联合国在对乌人道援助方面发挥协调作用等。中国红十字会向乌克兰红十字会提供的首批人道主义援助物资已经从北京启运。


冰冻三尺非一日之寒。欧洲的长治久安有赖于遵循安全不可分割原则,应通过对话形成平衡、有效、可持续的欧洲安全机制。但当务之急还是尽快实现停战,保护平民不受伤害。作为安理会常任理事国和世界上负责任大国,中国将继续发出声音、提出倡议、采取行动、付出努力。中方愿与各方保持沟通、止战促和,切实维护地区和世界的和平稳定。


美国缺乏的理性之声


对于中国在乌克兰危机上的立场,华府的中国问题专家最近也发表了不少分析, 但能够抛开意识形态,从事实出发,客观看待问题的专家,已经越来越稀少。布鲁金斯学会的中国问题专家哈斯Ryan Hass指出,有很多人用错误的二元论来评估中国对俄乌危机的态度,比如中俄是否是盟友?中国是否会调解?是否可能挑拨中俄?而这些问题都是错误的。观察中国的态度,应该以中国采取行动的程度来衡量,不能非黑即白,只有拥抱俄罗斯或者弃俄罗斯两种选择。



哈斯认为,俄乌冲突第一周,中国的反应是基本被动,因此被默认为倾向于俄罗斯,而这个立场会使中国与美国等西方国家关系紧张。但保持密切的中俄关系,不仅仅是一场赌博,对于中国来说也是别无选择。而这场赌博是否会带来战略利益回报,则是另一个问题。


美国大西洋理事会的高级研究员曼宁(Robert Manning)也认为,俄乌冲突的加剧,对中国没有任何好处。一方面,这违背了中国核心外交原则:国家主权不可侵犯、不干涉他国内政和外交解决争端;另一方面西方国家对俄罗斯的制裁,可能很快让国际油价飙升到150美元/桶,并会对全球经济造成灾难性影响。而中国的国际金融地位,也可能因为二级制裁受到威胁。


过去50年,中国是国际体系的受益者,因此中国重视稳定与谨慎,中国也反对国际经济制裁,支持促进多边合作、经济增长和贸易稳定。曼宁认为,中国在乌克兰危机中的调解是具有建设性的,但还不充分。他建议拜登政府,把乌克兰危机转化为中美合作的一个机会,结束战争、达成和解的可持续方案将帮助中美关系开辟新的可能性。


包括前美国驻华大使洛德等10位中国问题专家在本周联合撰文,呼吁“为乌克兰需要中美冷静外交”。



在当前的华盛顿,哈斯和曼宁等人的观点是“一股清流”,被太多负面的极端言论所淹没。更令人担心的是,一些别有用心之人,借乌克兰危机挑拨中美关系。美国情报界为什么会在罗马会晤前一天,再次释放不实消息?有可能是为谈判施压,或者试探中国敦促中方作出立场鲜明的表态,也有可能就是故意抹黑造谣。真相我们也许永远都不会,但在谣言漫天飞的当下,美国太需要听取多方的声音,培养清醒、理智、和明辨是非的能力。




最后附上秦刚大使的英文全文,方面大家向外国友人进行科普。
Opinion: Chinese ambassador: Where we stand on Ukraine
Many Americans are understandably trying to understand where China stands as the crisis in Ukraine unfolds, so I want to take this opportunity to explain fully and dispel any misunderstandings and rumors.
There have been claims that China had prior knowledge of Russia’s military action and demanded Russia delay it until the Winter Olympics concluded. Recent rumors further claimed that Russia was seeking military assistance from China. Let me say this responsibly: Assertions that China knew about, acquiesced to or tacitly supported this war are purely disinformation. All these claims serve only the purpose of shifting blame to and slinging mud at China. There were more than 6,000 Chinese citizens in Ukraine. China is the biggest trading partner of both Russia and Ukraine, and the largest importer of crude oil and natural gas in the world. Conflict between Russia and Ukraine does no good for China. Had China known about the imminent crisis, we would have tried our best to prevent it.


China is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace. As a staunch champion of justice, China decides its position on the basis of the merits of the issue. On Ukraine, China’s position is objective and impartial: The purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter must be fully observed; the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, including Ukraine, must be respected; the legitimate security concerns of all countries must be taken seriously; and all efforts that are conducive to the peaceful settlement of the crisis must be supported.
Given this, threats against Chinese entities and businesses, as uttered by some U.S. officials, are unacceptable. Neither war nor sanctions can deliver peace. Wielding the baton of sanctions at Chinese companies while seeking China’s support and cooperation simply won’t work.
Some people are linking Taiwan and Ukraine to play up the risks of a conflict in the Taiwan Strait. This is a mistake. These are totally different things. Ukraine is a sovereign state, while Taiwan is an inseparable part of China’s territory. The Taiwan question is a Chinese internal affair. It does not make sense for people to emphasize the principle of sovereignty on Ukraine while hurting China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity on Taiwan. The future of Taiwan lies in peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and the reunification of China. We are committed to peaceful reunification, but we also retain all options to curb “Taiwan independence.” We hope the United States earnestly abides by the one-China principle and does not support “Taiwan independence” separatism in any form. To ensure long-term peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, China and the United States must work together to contain “Taiwan independence.”
In Ukraine, China has made huge efforts to push for peace talks and the prevention of a humanitarian crisis. In a phone call with President Vladimir Putin on the second day of the conflict, President Xi Jinping expressed China’s desire to see Russia and Ukraine hold peace talks as early as possible and received a positive response. When virtually meeting with leaders of France and Germany, Xi emphasized the need to jointly support peace talks between Russia and Ukraine.
Yang Jiechi, the director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs, just met with national security adviser Jake Sullivan in Rome, and State Councilor Wang Yi has also maintained close communication with Secretary of State Antony Blinken and other foreign ministers, exchanging views on the Ukraine crisis. China has also outlined a six-point initiative that calls for making sure that humanitarian operations abide by the principles of neutrality and impartiality; gives full attention to the displaced persons in and from Ukraine; ensures the protection of civilians; provides for safe and smooth humanitarian aid activities; provides for the safety of foreign nationals in Ukraine; and supports the United Nations’ coordinating role in channeling humanitarian aid, as well as the work of the U.N. crisis coordinator for Ukraine. The first tranche of emergency humanitarian supplies provided by the Red Cross Society of China to its Ukrainian counterpart has been shipped from Beijing.
As a Chinese proverb goes, it takes more than one cold day to freeze three feet of ice. The long-term peace and stability of Europe relies on the principle of indivisible security. There must be a balanced, effective and sustainable European security architecture. The priority now is to achieve a cease-fire to protect civilians from war. But as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council and a responsible major country, China will continue to coordinate real efforts to achieve lasting peace. We stand ready to do whatever we can and work with other parties. Our ultimate purpose is the end of war and support regional and global stability.



拜登为何找马杜罗卖石油?
美国为何因俄罗斯制裁印度?为何尼克松曾向他含泪道歉?
乌克兰危机让拜登重写国情咨文?
揭开俄乌危机再现的真相



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