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英语轻松学 | 从 one 开始(2)

2017-06-09 商务印书馆英语编辑室

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One 这个词既简单又不简单,上一期介绍过9个基本用法,接着看第二期的内容吧~

10. —般说来,“one of + 复数名词(代词)”作主语时,谓语动词应用单数,但在one of you 中,由于受you的影响,谓语动词也可用复数形式。例如:

 

One of you is [are] much taller than him.

你们中有一个人比他高得多。


11. 在“one of + 名词(复数)+ who (that)从句”结构中,从句中的谓语动词有时用单数形式,有时用复数形式。

 

(1) 先行词是名词(复数)时,从句谓语动词用复数形式。例如:


This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.

这就是那次大火中烧毁的房间之一。

 

He is one of those persons who always think they are right.

他是那种总自以为是的人之一。

 

This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

这是所问到的最有趣的问题中的一个。


(2) 先行词是one时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

 

One of the documents which is of special interest is a fifth century charter.

文献中最令人感兴趣的是那一份公元5世纪的契约书。

 

在上面一句中,令人感兴趣的只是全部文献中的一份,而不是全部,所以先行词应为one。又如:

 

This is one of the doors that was damaged.

许多扇门中,这是损坏的一扇。


Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

在那极少数人中,贾斯珀•怀特是一个相信古代神话的人。


(3) 当one前面有the、only、mere(ly)、very等词修饰时,从句中谓语动词应与one保持一致,用单数形式。例如:


He is the only one of those who is qualified for the position.

他是那些人中唯一一个适合这职位的人。

 

She is the only one of the few girls of my acquaintances that is acquainted with the old poet.

她是我认识的极少数的女子中与那老诗人相识的唯一的一个。


比较下面两句话:


John was only one of the students who were late.

约翰只是迟到的学生中的一个。

 

John was the only one of the students who was late.

约翰是学生中唯一迟到的。

 

(4) 在非正式语体中,人们往往并不严格遵守这些规则,常将从句中的谓语动词使用单数形式。例如:


The boat was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built.

那只船是曾经建造的最快的帆船之一。

 

It is one of the best books about creative process that has been published in many years.

这是多年来出版的有关创作过程的最好的书之一。

 

She is one of the few girls who are acquainted with the writer.

她是认识那位作家的少数几个女孩之一。


12. 比较下面两句中one与it的用法:

 

He lost his pen. He wanted to buy one.

他把钢笔丢了,他想再买一支。

 

He lost his pen. He couldn’t find it.

他把钢笔丢了,他找不到它了。


注:one通常指同类事物中的一个(非特定的东西),而it则指某个同一的事物(特定的东西)。

 

不可说

He lost his pen. He wanted to buy it.

He lost his pen. He couldn’t find one.


13. 比较下面两句话中one与that的用法:


A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice. (a cake与one呼应)


The cost of wheat cakes is less than that of rice cakes. (the cost与that呼应)


这两句都意为:“麦饼比米饼便宜。”


14. 说两个东西时,只说“一个”和“另一个”时,通常用one…the other…说明“前后”时,应用the one...the other...。试比较:


Here are two apples: one is big and the other is small.

这里有两个苹果,一个大,另一个小。

 

He has two brothers, Tom and John: the one is sixteen and the other is ten.

他有两个兄弟,汤姆和约翰。前者16岁,后者10岁。



15. 根据英语惯用法,one表示时间时,前面通常不可加介词,如可以说one day、one winter evening、one morning in March,


不可说:

on one day

on one winter evening

on one morning in March

 

但可说:

on a day

on a winter evening

on a morning in March


以上内容摘自《英语词语用法详解词典》,图片来自网络。

本词典收词4100余条,涵盖大部分英语常用词汇;

重点讲解中国人学习和使用英语时容易出错之处;

运用典型例句、正误对比等手法,提供更多信息;

增加附表注释,拓展词汇用法,更具实用性。


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延伸阅读:

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英语轻松学 | 从 one 开始(1)

不定冠词a/an,你用对了吗? 

定冠词the,你用对了吗? 

the的用法小贴士 


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