ISSUE 5 | Is Sinophobia Only Skin Deep?
Editor's Note
The COVID-19 outbreak has deeply affected China, the Asian diaspora, and the globe to varying degrees. Perhaps more dangerous than the virus itself are the accompanying xenophobia and stigmatization, which seem doubly infectious and deadly.
2019 新型冠状病毒不同程度地影响着中国、海外亚裔，以及整个世界。但也许比病毒更危险的，是疫情期间的仇外情绪以及污名化。
Maya Wang, a senior at New York University Shanghai (NYU Shanghai), recently posted on Instagram an avant-garde surgical mask makeup in an effort to raise hopes and speak out against sinophobia. Ryan Hoover is an NYU Shanghai sophomore and Diversity Initiatives student leader. He was displaced by the coronavirus to the NYU New York campus, and as an effort to explore the impact of this outbreak in both the school and international communities, he conducted an extended interview on Maya’s experience during the novel coronavirus epidemic on Feb 13 (EST), as transcribed below.
Maya Wang，一名上海纽约大学的大四学生，近期在Instagram上发了一张照片。照片里，她用前卫新颖的妆容来唤起人们对武汉、中国的希望，并大胆抗议疫情期间的排华现象。采访者Ryan Hoover是上海纽约大学的大二学生以及校园多元倡议项目的协作者。Ryan Hoover由于疫情无法回到上海，只能留在美国暂就读于纽约大学纽约校区。为探索这次疫情对校际以及国际的影响，他与Maya在2月13日（东部标准时间）进行了这一次的采访。以下是全文。
Image Courtesy of Maya Wang 图片由Maya提供
Original Caption: "Hope," 2020原帖说明: 《希望》, 2020Scroll down to read Maya's original caption 请滑动阅读Maya的原帖说明
It is difficult to be joyful and celebrate the lunar new year while Wuhan and all of China is suffering. During the lunar new year holiday, families are meant to reunite and rejoice, not to mourn and worry.
We are grateful to those working tirelessly to find a cure, treat the ill, provide supplies, among many others who are keeping the nation safe. Please keep China in your thoughts and consider donating to the cause.
Additionally, I have been utterly disgusted by the sheer amount of insidious racism and sinophobia that has risen in response to the current situation. It is disrespectful to everyone who has been affected. In a time like this, empathy and sympathy is of utmost importance.
I hope that all of my friends and family in China are safe and healthy. I hope that I can return to China and finish my education. I hope that a cure is found and there is peace. I hope that there are new reforms and policies that are implemented so that a catastrophe like this can be prevented in the future. And most importantly, I hope that there is more compassion for our world and our fellow human beings.
新年快乐，祝福大家身体健康. (Happy New Year and wish everyone good health.)
在武汉乃至全中国受难之际，我们很难欢乐地庆祝新年 。时值春节，家庭应当团圆、庆祝，而不是哀悼、担忧。我们感激那些不知疲倦地寻找良方、照料病人、提供物资的人，同时也感激其他成千上万为公共卫生和安全作出贡献的人。请您关注中国的困境并考虑在力所能及范围内作出捐助。
同时，由于这次的疫情，我身边浮现了更多令人反感的种族歧视以及排华的声音。这对于身陷疫情的受害者极为不敬。在这样特殊的时刻，我们更加需要的是同情心、同理心。
我希望我国内的亲朋好友能平安、健康。我希望能够尽快回到中国，继续完成学业。我希望我们能找到治疗方法，生活能够恢复平静。我希望政府有政策革新，避免重蹈覆辙。最重要的是，我希望人们对世界、对我们的同胞充满同理心。
新年快乐，祝福大家身体健康.
unCoVer
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Is Sinophobia Only Skin Deep? An NYU Shanghai Senior’s Experience with COVID-19
疫情阴影下，身在纽约的她用前卫口罩妆容来对抗排华声音
Interviewer: Ryan Hoover
Interviewee: Maya Wang
Translators: Acker, Eliza, and an anonymous translator
(Transcription from the original audio file has been edited for the sake of clarity and brevity)
（为文章简洁清晰，文章已对原音频文件作出适当编辑）
R - Ryan Hoover
M - Maya Wang
你好，我是Maya Wang。我是2020届的大四学生，交互媒体艺术专业（尾注1）。
R: We’ll just start from your Instagram post. What prompted you to publish, print, and make that makeup?
那我们就先从你发的Instagram帖子聊起吧。是什么促使你去设计、发布这个妆容的呢？
M: I was feeling super helpless. I think this was probably right after that NYU Shanghai announced that we were going to suspend class for the time being. We could choose to go to another NYU portal campus or study away site or stay in Shanghai. It was really hard for me especially to come to terms with the fact that I wasn’t going to be spending my senior year in Shanghai. On top of that, I was so concerned about my friends who are already there and my family there. I have my extended families all in China right now; they are from Shanxi province and Zhanjiang, which is in Guangdong Province.
I was worried for their safety, for their health, but a lot of it also was stemming from things that I’ve seen online. There was a lot of negativity from number-based, fact-based kinds of posts. Either there’ll be jokes about the coronavirus, or there’ll be news about it, and it was all very heavy.
我对ta们的安全和健康的担忧，很多都是受网上信息的影响。当时有很多负能量，感觉一些数据和报导把这件事的人性抵消了。要不就有人拿它说笑，要不新闻就反复报导，对我们来说尤其沉重。
So I wanted to make things a little bit more hopeful but still bring what’s serious, and bring attention to the fact that this is a real crisis and we need to be compassionate to other people. That’s basically what these posts are about. I feel like the surgical mask has been a symbol for this entire movement about Chinese people wearing masks who are at the center of these racist attacks. And then also coinciding with Chinese New Year, so that’s what the red and gold (is about) - feeling connected to my heritage. I was like “I need a little hope!” So I decided to put that all together and make it about hope for my friends, my family, my school, everything that was going on.
所以我想在给大家带来一点希望的同时，也使人们正视这次的危机、对受难的人们给予理解与同情。大概就是出于这样的想法。我感觉医用口罩已经成为“中国人因戴口罩而遭受种族歧视”这一现象的一个标志、缩影。而选择红色和金色是因为正好是春节，感觉能更加紧密贴合我的文化传统。所以我决定化这个妆，发这个帖，给我的家人、学校、现在所发生的一切带来希望。
"Chinese against Racist Virus" protest at Trafalgar Square in London.
在伦敦Trafalgar 广场的“华人反对‘种族歧视病毒’抗议
Image courtesy of Chinese against Racist Virus
图片由“华人反对‘种族歧视病毒’”组织提供
https://www.facebook.com/groups/197075558354980/
R: So how do you think societal and cultural differences between the West and China amplify and complicate the problem? For example, the differences in attitude about wearing masks.
在中国，不论是因为空气污染，还是为了日常的个人安全或个人健康, 戴口罩都是一件很平常的事情。但是，随着这次疫情的爆发，口罩已经成为人们内心恐慌的外在符号，或是保护自己免受他人伤害的象征。在中国，戴口罩普遍被认为是一件有益的举措。不过因口罩供应不足而导致人们争抢着购买，确实是挺糟糕的。
M: However here in the United States, if you wear a mask on a subway and you are Chinese or of any East-Asian descent, you are probably going to get looks. Actually, for my personal sanity, I decided not to wear a mask because I figured the risks aren’t as bad as they are here. Also, I didn’t want to be targeted for any kind of racial profiling or attacks, because I heard some stories about people in other cities being attacked for wearing masks -- specifically Chinese people being attacked for wearing masks (endnote 2).
然而在美国，如果你是华人或其他东亚裔，而且在地铁上戴着口罩，就很可能会被人侧目。实际上，我决定不戴口罩是出于我个人的判断，因为目前来看这边的风险没有那么严重。同时，我也不想成为任何种族偏见或攻击的目标，因为我听说过一些其他城市的人由于戴口罩而被攻击的故事——（特别是）中国人因为戴口罩而被攻击（尾注2）。
Another thing I notice is that in the Chinese-American community, people who immigrated from China to the US actually proliferate a lot of the panic and hysteria around wearing masks and being Chinese. That’s probably where I get a lot of my concern from -- the older generation who immigrated here, such as my parents and their friends and their family.
另外我注意到，在美籍华人群体中，其实是一些中国移民在扩散对于戴口罩这一行为和自己华人身份的恐慌和无措。我的担忧也可能是来自于他们——移民到这里的老一辈人，比如我的父母和他们的朋友和家人。
After a Chinese woman was assaulted for wearing a mask in New York City, the NYPD encouraged the victim to report this incident via its official Twitter account.
华人女性在纽约市因为戴口罩被殴打，纽约市警察局通过官方推特鼓励受害者举报攻击者
Source: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coronavirus-hate-attack-woman-face-mask-allegedly-assaulted-man-who-n1130671
R: How do you think this inter-Asian diaspora racism is different from white racial aggression towards Chinese people?
你认为这种亚洲内部的种族主义和白人对华人的种族偏见有什么不同？
我觉得（前者）更加集中一些了。比如，我妈妈是舞蹈队的一员，本来要参加一些春节演出。但疫情爆发的消息一传出，所有的美籍华人组织者都取消了活动，因为ta们担心很多表演者和嘉宾之前回到中国过年，再回来参加这些演出。由于担心这些人中有些人来自湖北省甚至武汉，ta们决定通过取消活动来保证安全。
While it’s a little bit based in concern, a lot of it is really just Chinese people trying to differentiate themselves by saying ‘oh we are not from this province’ or ‘oh we haven’t gone to China this year. So it’s less racism but more like ‘differentiating’, ‘segregating’ maybe.
虽然这些担忧是有道理的，但实际上很多华人试图通过说“哦，我们不是这个省的人”或“我们今年没去过中国”来作出内部区分。所以这不至于是种族歧视，或许更像是“区别对待”，或者“隔离”。
R: How are your experiences in New York different from your friends in China?
你在纽约的经历和你在中国的朋友们的经历有什么不同？
我的室友目前就住在她中国的公寓里，她其实对发生的一切都直言不讳。至少我从她那儿得知的是那边城市相当荒凉，街上空无一人，因为人们总是担心是否会有更大的感染风险。她的居住地上海现在已经有些确诊的案例，所以人们不想走出家门是有道理的。那儿有社区预约登记购买口罩的举措：如果你登记你的名字，可以在几天内凭购买凭证买到最多五个口罩 （尾注3）。像一些生活用品之类的，因为供应有限，只能轮流拿到。
But here I would say that I’m privileged because I’m not really at a high risk for contracting this, but I’m more at a risk for being targeted for being Chinese here. Whereas there it’s pretty homogenous, so no one’s gonna attack each other; everyone is just gonna be like ‘be safe and be cautious.’ It’s not really a matter of ‘oh you are Chinese, you have that virus;’ it’s more like ‘one of us might have the virus; let’s all keep everyone safe; let’s all stay at home and work together.’ Whereas here it’s like ‘you are different; you are going to get me sick.’
说到这里，我有时觉得我很幸运，因为我目前没有面临很高的感染新冠病毒的风险，但令我不安的是，作为一个在美华人，我更容易在这个时期成为被攻击的目标。在中国那边，因为大家都是中国人，所以没有人会互相攻击；每个人都会说“保重，小心”，而不是说“哦，你是中国人，你有那种病毒”；而更像是“我们中的一个同胞可能感染了病毒；让我们一起保证每个人的安全；让我们都呆在家里一起努力”。然而在这里（美国）的情况就像是：“你跟我们不一样；你会传染给我。”
R: Right. So I guess like what you said, the virus itself isn’t actually the most dangerous; it’s the sinophobia that’s radiating.
没错。所以我想就像你说的，病毒本身并不是最危险的；我们同样需要警惕的是正在蔓延的这种对中国的恐惧。
M: Yes. Definitely in the West, it’s more so the sinophobia that affects me, at least.
是的。毫无疑问，至少在西方，更直接影响我的是排华情绪。
R: On a more positive aspect, what community comings-together have you seen?
从一个更积极的角度来看，你看到了哪些群体聚集的力量？
我想说的是，很多上海纽约大学的学生在这期间的表现是如此地振奋人心——面对这种情况，我们比以往任何时候都更强大，这种凝聚力让我相信我们绝不会分崩离析。尽管我们面对的是像这样严峻的考验——包括开学被延迟、许多像我一样的大四学生不能回上海去过想要的生活等等，但我们仍走到一起，支持我们在上海和全中国的朋友和家人。我们在这（纽约）也拥有强大的共同体；我们仍然是上纽大的一部分。
Obviously we made the NYU Shanghai fundraiser (endnote 4); we’ve reached that goal in like three or four days. It was amazing! And a lot of (people) sent messages to support, from other students who are abroad or who are even in China too, just saying things like “stay strong, we got this!” Even though it’s hard being spread apart on different countries, different continents, we still have a strong sense of support for each other.
值得一提的是，我们还完成了上纽大的筹款活动（尾注4），在三四天内就达到了筹款目标。这真的很棒！许多发信息来支持我们的朋友中不乏其他的海外学子，有的也在中国，都留言说“坚持住，我们能赢！”这样的话。尽管我们四散在不同国家、不同大洲，我们依然互相支持。
R: Do you think there's a difference between general sinophobia (the meaning here being omnipresent Asian racism experienced by the Asian diaspora) and sinophobia related to this virus specifically?
你认为传统意义上的排华观念与这次新冠病毒而引起的排华情绪是否有所区别？
我认为是有区别的。讲到这里，我的想法可能更偏政治自由派些。我觉得这次的疫情让一些西方媒体有机可乘，以西方（美国）的角度去攻击东方（中国）。像说中国脏乱、恶心，法律制度不健全，然后提出一系列其它问题。一旦中国碰上一件大事，西方媒体就都把罪名指向中国政府、中国人民甚至整个中国国度。因而可以说这次疫情绝对是一次让ta们倾泻对中国和东方偏执成见的机会。
R: How does this troubling information proliferate on the Internet?
这些令人不安的消息是如何在互联网上传播开来的？
尽管我能够明白人们的苦楚，也理解有些人尝试通过开玩笑来应对疫情，但这些玩笑大多真的不合时宜。面对我平时刷抖音时发现的一些相关问题，我也制作了一些有关社会正义的抖音小视频，但往往得到这样的回复：“你就是这样感染上新冠病毒的”，“恶心的中国人，你怎么不离我们远一点”，“对所有中国人发禁行令”。这些评论里或许有幽默，黑色幽默吧，然后有些直接上升到强烈的排华情绪，像是“中国人去死”之类的话。
And It really sucks because you don't know when you're gonna come across something like that. What if I want to just to read a news article about what was happening and I see this whole slew of comments coming from people in the West, saying really negative things about Chinese people and the Chinese government.
这真的很令人沮丧，因为这种侮辱可能在任何时候不期而至。即使我单纯只想从一篇新闻报道里了解发生了什么，随之而来却是来自西方一些人对中国人民、中国政府的一连串的负面评论。
R: What is your personal subjective experience like?
你个人对此的主观体验是怎样的呢？
我自己的体验呀？我的确有在尽力地举报或（回复）评论，但我并不经常卷进评论对骂中。就自己平时来说，我也会制作些小视频，宣传一些像“不要作排华主义的一员，疫情不是你排华的借口”之类的话语。至于我的帖子的话，我只是想揭露那些对受难人群没有一点尊重的人：在美国，你并没有那么大几率感染病毒，你的言行仅仅是掀起怨恨的风浪。
R: Have you found any ways to combat this? What’s the most effective way to combat people being sinophobic?
你有找到与之抗争的方法吗？最有效的与排华者抗争的方法是什么？
我觉得最好是用事实的力量与之抗争吧，但即使这样，他们也怀揣着证实性偏见（尾注6）。就好像那个有人喝蝙蝠汤的视频，它虽然并非是虚假视频，但是它与此次疫情毫不相关——那是2016年的报道，而且不是在中国发生的（尾注7）。我认为，如果要防止这种侮辱事件再发生，必须要通过改革去解决（类似误传信息与污名化）的问题。
I don't have as much experience to speak up about the governmental policy-making side of this, but definitely the social part of this is that people just don't have respect for other people if they're suffering. So I just go -- imagine if you were sick, how would you feel if someone was making jokes about you being sick? That would just suck. I try to have people be empathetic instead of fighting fire with fire.
当然，我并没有足够的经验来对政府公共政策做什么评论，但社会性的一面是，有些人对于那些在处于苦难中的人们真是没有基本的尊重。所以我常说，想象一下，如果在你生病的时候别人还开关于你生病的玩笑，你会是何感受？那肯定不好受。我尽力唤起人们的同情心，而不是互相针对、以牙还牙。
R: Obviously, there's a huge wealth inequality in China, and it has to do with differences in food sanitization.
很明显，中国巨大的贫富差距导致了食品卫生质量的差异。
的确如此。而且这是一个涉及阶级的问题，在美国也可以说是种族问题。这是政策与政府重灾响应的问题，但同时这也是一个人道主义的问题！同时去解决这么多问题确实是很复杂的。
Source: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/0a12891d827e4bfeb789ce9148e662a1
R: Do you have any more observations? Things that are troubling you about this outbreak or the response to it?
你还有什么其他的观察吗？有没有其他的一些关于疫情和人们回应的细节让你感到不安呢？
可以说一定程度上排华情绪已经渐渐平息。人们在这儿继续ta们的生活，而这是也是身处西方世界的特权：你可以继续你平静的生活，对疫情中水生火热中的人们不再关注，但我日思夜想这个问题。我总从亲人们的微信群里听ta们这样说：“我们今天要出家门了，希望一切平安......”
R: Do you think the coronavirus as well as how people respond to this right now is going to impact the future of how people respond to similar crises?
你认为这次新冠病毒疫情以及人们对此的回应会为将来遇到类似危难的时候提供借鉴吗？
我真的希望它能提供一些借鉴，而且这可能对于政府来说有更多的反思意义吧，尤其是“吹哨人”一事（尾注8） 。“吹哨人”李文亮最近逝世了。他是在中国最早几位向同胞们警告有新冠病毒一事的医生之一。他在与同学的群聊中分享关于疫情的信息，但之后很快截图就被传出。派出所对他提出警告，训诫其“传播谣言和虚假信息”的行为。可是当这成为大型公共卫生事件后，他却因被传染新冠病毒过世了。如果他没有被迫保持沉默，我们可能会有更优的防疫措施、更快的补救，比如物资准备啊，甚至检疫隔离呀之类的，这样病毒不会像现在这样掀风播浪。
But then on the Western side, I would say that hopefully this teaches some people that no matter what race you are, health and being well is really (important). Everyone should value other people's health. Everyone should value your health and the health of the whole community, the world, and not just make this an us-against-you-guys issue.
对于西方来说，我希望这能告诉某些人，不论种族，我们每个人的健康无恙才是最关键的。每个人都应重视自己的健康，他人的健康，社群的健康，以至世界的健康，而不是在这时竖起对立面来分辨你我。
R: (Some) people are not able to put aside biases in this issue -- maybe they don’t agree with China's government actions. But people who are affected by this are actual humans. Just because they are Chinese doesn't mean that they are not human.
一些人似乎不能搁置自己的偏见——或许ta们不认同中国政府的行为，但那些被疫情影响的百姓是真真实实的人啊。除了“中国人”的身份以外，ta们都是和我们一样的有血有肉的同胞。
人民不是政府，反之亦然。你不能将政府的责任全部推卸到承受真实病痛的人民身上。
R: On a hopeful note, what are you optimistic about? Out of this horrible situation what did you see that made you hopeful, joyful?
那我们聊一些积极的话题吧你现在对什么感到乐观呢？在如此境遇中，你看到什么让人充满开心和希望的事情呢？
我们学校这个大家庭是给我带来希望的事情之一，我看到人们真切地关心疫情，聚在一起积极行动做出改变。我仅仅是发了一些“希望一切平安”的推特帖子，但对于那些捐款的人，尽力解决问题的人，尽力捐助的人，糟了我说了两次捐款...... （Ryan笑） 但那些努力寻找治疗方法、为彼此加油鼓劲的人们，ta们就是我希望的来源！
R: What are ways in which people like you and me can help the situation?
像你我一样的普通人能如何帮助改善当下的情形呢？
捐款是一个很好的方式。尽管我们已经达成了募款数额，但需要做的事还有很多很多。所以为抗疫捐款吧！同时，如果你在网上看到了一些排华现象、种族歧视，请尽你最大的努力去平息或举报这样的情形。如果你在和他人面对面谈话、私信聊天时发现有人对现状不太理解，请引导ta们、教育ta们，不仅要亮出事实，更要使其感同身受。对ta人保有同理心是一件很棒的事情！
Ryan’s penny for your thoughts:
毋庸置疑的是，这次新冠病毒疫情严重，2791人因此而亡，不少家庭也随之支离破碎—— 这一点不能被人们忽视。然而西方媒体对中国国民、华裔以及亚洲人投掷的排外评论是毫无根据的。请多想想那些戴着口罩走在美国大街上被无端怒视的中国人，或者是那些在中国紧闭在家几个星期的人。请你在转发那些有排外意味的推特或抖音小视频之前，伸出你的援手、倾听ta们的声音，尝试与ta们感同身受（所谓己所不欲，勿施于人）。比起此次新冠病毒造成的2000余死亡病例，在2019-2020流感季节大约16000美国人死于季节性流感（尾注9）。因此请给予世界各地受苦受难的同胞们一些同情，并打好必要的流感疫苗，别参与到传播排华言论中。
Endnote 1: IMA, or interactive media arts, is a major in New York University Shanghai that uses an interdisciplinary and creative approach to explore technology, media and communications. Maya is in her last year of university and soon graduating in the spring, 2020.
尾注1: 交互媒体艺术是上海纽约大学的一门专业，以跨学科、创造性的方法视角探索科技、媒体和交流。Maya是一名大四学生，即将在2020年春季学期本科毕业。
Endnote 2: According to NBC News, a Chinese woman wearing a mask was assaulted in the subway allegedly because of her ethnicity. The NYPD encouraged the victim to report for a full investigation via their official Twitter account. Officials are still trying to determine the identity of the assailant.
尾注2：根据一则NBC新闻，一名戴口罩的中国女性因其族裔身份而在地铁中遭遇辱骂。纽约市警察局通过官方推特鼓励受害者举报攻击者以进行进一步调查。官方人员也正在努力找寻这名侮辱者。
Endnote 3: The online surgical mask registration policy in Shanghai saves residents the trouble and risk of queuing up in front of pharmacies. It allows the residents to register online with personal information, through which they will be granted a permit to purchase surgical masks at the designated pharmacy. One resident unit can only register once, and each purchase permit allows one to buy at most 5 masks. For more: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/05/content_5474718.htm. According to Amy Decillis, she bought 5 masks for ¥9.5.
尾注3: 上海线上登记预约措施为居民省去了排队的麻烦，降低了感染风险。通过网站或二维码居民可以用个人信息进行登记，获取购买凭证后可前往指定药店进行购买。每一户（居住地址）可购买最多5个口罩，每一户（居住地址）限预约购买一次。更多信息：http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/05/content_5474718.htm。根据苗苗讲述，她购买的5个口罩共花费了9.5元人民币。
Endnote 4: The fundraiser, organized by two NYU Shanghai students, “Light a Lantern For Wuhan,” reached their goal of $30,000 within 72 hours after its launch. Currently the project has raised $56,604 (396,378 RMB), with over 750 donations and an anonymous donor contributing $20,000.
尾注4: 由上海纽约大学两位学生组织的募款项目“孔明灯飞满天为武汉祈福”在项目开启的72小时内筹集到目标金额3万美金。目前为止，已有超过750份零散捐款以及一位匿名捐款人捐赠的2万美金善款，此项目已经募集到56604美金，约为396378人民币。
Endnote 5: “Concentration camps” in this context refers to the “re-education camps”, officially called “Vocational Education and Training Centers” in northwestern China, in which thousands or millions of Muslim Chinese Uyghurs (an ethnic minority) are detained.
Endnote 6: Confirmation bias is a psychological phenomenon in which people favor information that supports their pre-existing beliefs.
尾注6: 证实性偏见一种心理现象，是指人们倾向于相信那些支持ta们已有观点的信息。
Endnote 7: The video of someone eating a bat was supposedly from Wuhan - where bat is not actually considered a delicacy - and meant to explain the origin of the coronavirus. But in fact, it was filmed in Palau, a Pacific island nation, by famous travel blogger Wang Mengyun in May, 2016.
尾注7: 有人吃蝙蝠的视频被误认成源于武汉（蝙蝠在武汉并不被当作珍味）以解释新冠病毒的来源，但实际上是著名旅游博主汪梦云在2016年5月于一个太平洋岛国帕劳共和国拍摄的视频。
Endnote 8: Li Wenliang (12 October 1986 – 7 February 2020) was a Chinese ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital. On December 30, 2019, he warned his colleagues in a WeChat group about a new “SARS-like pneumonia” - which was later proven to be COVID-19. On 3 January 2020, Wuhan police summoned and admonished him for "spreading rumors on the Internet." Later, when his early warnings were exposed to the public, he was recognized as the “whistleblower” (chui shao ren) for the novel coronavirus epidemic. In its original Chinese context, this epithet is a praise of Li’s foresight and alertness that alarmed many of his colleagues when critical public attention was meager. Not long after returning to work, Li contracted the virus from an infected patient and died from it on February 7, 2020. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang.
尾注8: 李文亮（1986年10月12日 -- 2020年2月7日）是武汉中心医院的一名眼科医生。在2019年12月30日，他在同学群中发布了一条关于“疑似SARS冠状病毒肺炎”的消息，后正式为COVID-19。在2020年1月3日，武汉市公安局武昌区分局中南路街派出所提出警示和训诫，称其“在互联网发表不实言论”。之后当李文亮医生的提醒被公众所关注时，他被称为新型冠状病毒的“吹哨人”。在他回到工作岗位后不久，他就感染了新型冠状病毒并于2020年2月7日逝世。详见维基百科（中文）：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E4%BA%AE
Endnote 9: According to the Center for Disease Control, it's estimated that 29 million people have contracted the flu so far during the 2019-2020 flu season. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/1300-people-died-flu-year/story?id=67754182
尾注9: 根据美国疾控中心的数据，在2019-2020 流感季节，至今2900万美国居民感染此流感。https://abcnews.go.com/Health/1300-people-died-flu-year/story?id=67754182
Transcriber: Jiabao Xu & 叁水
Proofreader: Ryan, Maggie, Huiyin
Editor: Ryan, Maggie, Joyce
Typesetting: Acker, Lili
Please send a WeChat message to us or email us at 2020.uncover@gmail.com where you see sinophobia or any types of xenophobia during the COVID-19 outbreak. How did you combat xenophobia in a crisis like this, or how might we in the future? Your answers might enlighten us as to how every one of us can play a part in creating a healthy and just world.
如果想分享相关的经历，欢迎您在后台留言或直接发送邮件至我们的邮箱2020.uncover@gmail.com，分享你们的经历。你们在这次新冠病毒疫情期间在哪里看见过排华或排外现象？你们是如何在此次危机中反抗某些排外声音的呢？我们在将来应当怎样应对排外情绪呢？你们的回答会启发每一个人去思考人们能够如何建立起一个健康、正义的世界。
往期阅读 ▼
ISSUE 1 | A Father’s Diary in the Wake of Huanggang’s Lockdown
ISSUE 2 | She Bought 100 Masks for the Sanitation Workers
ISSUE 3 | Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
ISSUE 4 | Who Touched My Hair?
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