刊讯｜SSCI 期刊 《语用学杂志》2022年第188卷

Journal of Pragmatics

Volume 188, January 2022

Journal of Pragmatics (SSSCI一区，2020 IF: 1.476) 2022年第188卷共发文17篇，其中研究性论文12篇，书评3篇，社论2篇。研究论文涉及政府话语、概念隐喻、积极评价、对冲策略、关联理论等方面。

目录

Regular Papers

■ Questions in argumentative dialogue*, by Annette Hautli-Janisz , Katarzyna Budzynska , Conor McKillop , Brian Plüss , Valentin Gold , Chris Reed , Pages  56-79.

■ Referential and evaluative strategies of conceptual metaphor use in government discourse, by Kathleen Ahrens, Winnie Huiheng Zeng, Pages 83-96.

■ Explicit positive assessments in personal training: Their design and sequential and embodied environment, by Martina Huhtamäki, Inga-Lill Grahn, Pages 108-128.

■ No straight talk here: A multi-level analysis of hedging strategies employed by the Fed Chair in press conferences, by Zhipu Yang, Lin Li, Pages 141-151.

■ “How's the wife?”: Pragmatic reasoning in spousal reference, by Matthew Hunt, Eric K. Acton, Pages 152-170.

Article(s) from the Special Issue on The persuasive and manipulative power of implicit communication; Edited by Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri, Federica Cominetti and Viviana Masa

■ Opinion shaping in the context of the “Me Too” movement. An investigation of presuppositions triggered by additive focus adverbs in traditional and social media , by Anna-Maria De Cesare , Pages 1-13

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Face-work in Online Discourse: Practices and Multiple Conceptualizations; Edited by Tuija Virtanen and Carmen Lee

■Karen: Stigmatized social identity and face-threat in the on/offline nexus，by Pilar Garcés-Conejos Blitvich,Pages 14-30.

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Pragmatic inference: The role of inferences and inferencing in pragmatic models of communication; Edited by Chi-Hé Elder and Michael Haugh

■ Shared laughter as relational strategy at intercultural conflictual workplace interactions, by Ping Du, Pages 39-55.

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Relevance Theory: New Horizons; Edited by Tim Wharton, Caroline Jagoe and Deirdre Wilson

■  The development of non-literal uses of language: Sense conventions and pragmatic competence,by Ingrid Lossius Falkum, by Ingrid Lossius Falkum , Pages 97-107

BOOK REVIEWS

■ Why Language? What Pragmatics Tells Us about Language and Communication, Jacques Moeschler. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin/Boston (2021), 246, pp. ISBN, 9783110723328, $114.99 (hardcover), by Mian Jia, Pages 80-82.

■ Cross-Cultural Pragmatics, Juliane House, Dániel Z. Kádár. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2021), 286, ISBN 978-1108845113 (hardback)/ 978-1108949545 (paperback), USD 99.99 (hardback)/USD 32.99 (paperback), by Guoli Feng, Yanfei Zhang, Pages 129-131.

■ Who Understands Comics? Questioning the Universality of Visual Language Comprehension, Neil Cohn. Bloomsbury, London/New York (2021), 241 pp.,, ISBN 9 978-1350156043, $31 (paperback), by Joseph P. Magliano, Pages 138-140.

Editorial

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Political Language in Contrast; Edited by Juliane House and Daniel Z. Kadar

■ Political Language in Contrast: An Introduction, by Juliane House, Dániel Z. Kádár ,Pages 132-137

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Revisiting grammatical particles from an interactional perspective: The case of the so-called ‘subject’ and ‘topic’ particles as pragmatic markers in Japanese and Korean; Edited by Emi Morita and Kyu-hyun Kim

■  Revisiting grammatical particles from an interactional perspective: The case of the so-called ‘subject’ and ‘topic’ particles as pragmatic markers in Japanese and Korean: An introduction,by Emi Morita, Kyu-hyun Kim , Pages 31-38

摘要

Questions in argumentative dialogue

Annette Hautli-Janisz , Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Germany

Katarzyna Budzynska , Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Conor McKillop, Brian Plüss , Centre for Argument Technology, University of Dundee, UK

Valentin Gold , Methodenzentrum Sozialwissenschaften, University of G€ottingen, Ge

Chris Reed ，Centre for Argument Technology, University of Dundee, UK

Abstract Despite questions having a long-standing history in theoretical linguistics, the interface between empirically grounded corpus linguistics of questioning behaviour and analytically driven pragmatic theory of question structure and context has received significantly less attention. This paper aims to contribute to this field of research by showing that a four-way categorisation into question types, namely, pure questioning, assertive questioning, rhetorical questioning and challenge questioning, allows us to capture and represent

questions in over two million words in natural language argumentative dialogue. In this type of dialogue questioning has been claimed to serve as the engine that drives the shape

and development of a discourse. Our investigation covers three genres of argumentative discourse in which questions play a key role, namely political debates, moral dilemmas and

sessions of participatory deliberative democracy. Through deep algorithmic analysis of the data, we test a variety of hypotheses from argumentation and linguistic theory, clearly

demonstrating for the first time that (particular types of) questions directly catalyse argument structure and that the illocutionary consequences of non-canonical questions are much more varied than previously

Key words Empirical pragmatics, Types of questioning, Natural language argum

Referential and evaluative strategies of conceptual metaphor use in government discourse

Kathleen Ahrens , Department of English, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR

Winnie Huiheng Zeng ，Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytech

Abstract We undertake a corpus-based diachronic analysis in order to explore how leaders in China and Hong Kong have employed metaphors of EDUCATION in major governmental speeches and reports both before and after Hong Kong's handover from Britain to China. The results of this study demonstrate that Hong Kong SAR Chief Executives have similar patterns of source domain selections with Chinese Premiers as compared with Hong Kong Colonial Governors, indicating that the change in sovereignty brought about different ways of referring to education for the people of Hong Kong, with evaluative effects remaining positive overall. These findings demonstrate that diachronic and synchronic comparative analyses of metaphors within small, specialized corpora are useful in uncovering potential sociopragmatic shifts in how political leaders frame social issues.

Key words Sociopragmatics，Corpus-based conceptual metaphor analysis，Mapping principle，Hong Kong and PRC

Explicit positive assessments in personal training: Their

design and sequential and embodied environment

Martina Huhtam€aki, Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24 FIN-00014 Finland

Inga-Lill Grahn ，Department of Swedish, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Bo

Abstract This paper examines explicit positive assessments (EPAs) in personal training, that is, the personal trainer's positive evaluations of the client's physical performance, including comments such as bra (‘good’). The data consist of video-recorded training-sessions in Swedish from Finland and Sweden. The methodological framework is interactional linguistics, and the study explores the actions that EPAs perform as well as their linguistic design and embodied and sequential environment. The main actions performed by EPAs in personal training include transitioning between activities, encouraging the client, and making positive evaluations. The personal trainer (PT) may vary the lexical, syntactic, prosodic, and embodied features of the EPA to emphasize any of these actions or a combination of them. Overall, EPAs are a central resource for fulfilling the institutional goals of personal training by guiding the clients through the training-program and motivating them. In addition to their use as feedback on actions in the present moment, EPAs also include forward-focusing aspects aimed at guiding clients' future behavior.

Key words Assessments, EPA, sInteractional linguisticsMultimodality, Personal training, Prosody

No straight talk here: A multi-level analysis of hedging strategies employed by the Fed Chair in press conferences

ZhipuYang，Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

LinLi，School of International Studies, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China

Abstract This study aims to analyze hedging strategies in a financial communication context. The American Federal Reserve System (“the Fed”) is frequently investigated by economists, but has rarely been examined in linguistics. From the perspective of interpersonal pragmatics, this analysis of Fed Committee press conferences identifies the hedging strategies employed by the Fed Chair at the lexical, syntactic and discursive levels during Q&A sessions to elucidate how the Chair uses hedging as vehicle to manipulate the public's perceptions of the institution. The findings reveal the Chair uses words of uncertainty, formulations of abstract information, and indirect responses to avoid inconvenient questions and promote a positive image. This study enriches our understanding of the mechanisms of Fed communication, broadens data sets of hedging within financial communication contexts, and offers novel insights into hedging rationales and frameworks as well as the function of hedging. Finally, it provides both linguists and economists with a robust descriptive basis for critically assessing Fed communication.

Key words Fed communication, Hedging strategies, Words of uncertainty, Abstract information, Indirect responses, Interpersonal pragmatics

“How's the wife?”: Pragmatic reasoning in spousal reference

Matthew Hunt，Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom

Eric K.Acton，Eastern Michigan University, USA

Abstract In the vein of recent research at the intersection of semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics (Eckert, 2019; Beltrama, 2020), the current study illuminates the complex interrelations between encoded meaning, pragmatic reasoning, and the social matrix within which language is used and interpreted. Our empirical focus is spousal reference: specifically, the use and interpretation of the form the wife/husband, where use of a possessive pronoun (poss) instead of the is possible. We show that pragmatic reasoning over the relevant expressions’ form and semantics offers a principled set of core motivations for choosing the over poss in spousal reference. At the same time, we present an analysis of attested examples, meta-linguistic commentary on the wife/husband, and a matched-guise perception experiment that together show that how the expressions and the people who use them are ultimately evaluated depends crucially on multiple contextual factors, including whose spouse is being referred to, and—as research on language and gender would lead one to expect—whether the spousal term is wife or husband. Taken together, this study underscores the need for careful consideration of the role of both cultural and discourse context in social perception studies and, more generally, for a holistic approach to language use, variation, and interpretation.

Key words Pragmatics, Sociolinguistics, Semantics, Definite article, Perception

Karen: Stigmatized social identity and face-threat in the on/offline nexus

PilarGarcés-Conejos Blitvich，Department of English, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA

Abstract This paper investigates the interconnections between face-threat and identity construction in the on/offline nexus by focusing on a stigmatized social identity (Goffman, 1963), a local ethnographically specific, cultural position (Bucholtz and Hall, 2005) attributed to some (mostly) American women stereotypically middle-aged and white who are positioned by others as Karens. Thus, Karen is attributed as an identity category to a woman “thought to be acting inappropriately, rudely or in an entitled manner” (Greenspan, 2020). Often, this inappropriate behavior is linked to perceived displays of racism against minorities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-masker Karens also gained notoriety. This relates to other well-known facets of the Karen identity kit (Gee, 2014), such as terrorizing services workers and refusing to abide by rules and regulations. To further our understanding of the Karen identity, this paper provides a multimodal analysis of a sizeable corpus, 256 videos of individuals whose actions and the way they were perceived led them to be positioned as Karens. Its goal is to scrutinize general social demographics and locations related to this social identity and, importantly, what actions and patterns of language and other semiotic modes are perceived as impolite i.e., face-threatening, and thus deemed Karen-like.

Key words Face-threat, Impoliteness, Stigmatized identity, Geosemiotics, On/offline nexus,Karen

Opinion shaping in the context of the “Me Too” movement. An investigation of presuppositions triggered by additive focus adverbs in traditional and social media

Anna-MariaDe Cesare，Technische Universität Dresden, Germany

Abstract This contribution investigates the pragmatic functions of implicit communication conveyed through presuppositions triggered by additive focus adverbs. Taking an empirical and qualitative approach, we describe how Italian anche, French aussi and English too are used, in particular to shape the opinion of the addressee in texts related to the “me too” social movement published in traditional and social media. Through three case studies, we show that there are important differences in the way these adverbs are used across the media analyzed and explain these differences by considering the general function of the texts analyzed. The outcomes of our study are relevant from both a methodological and theoretical perspective.

Key words Presupposition, Focus adverbs, Traditional media, Social media, “Me too” movement

Political Language in Contrast: An Introduction

Juliane House，University of Hamburg, Germany，Hellenic American University, USA

Dániel Z.Kádár，Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China，Research Centre for Linguistics, Hungary

Abstract This editorial is an introduction to the special issue Political Language in Contrast. We first provide a theoretical grounding for the field, by introducing the objectives and main analytic procedures of empirical cross-cultural pragmatic research. We then discuss why this area is particularly suitable for the study of political language use. Following this, we overview the contents of the special issue. Finally, we briefly discuss vistas for future research.

Revisiting grammatical particles from an interactional perspective: The case of the so-called ‘subject’ and ‘topic’ particles as pragmatic markers in Japanese and Korean: An introduction

Emi Morita，Kyu-hyun Kim，Department of Japanese Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Abstract This special issue contains seven papers addressing the ‘subject’ and/or ‘topic’ particles in Japanese and Korean from the perspectives of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The analyses presented in these papers (four on Japanese and three on Korean data) all pay detailed empirical attention to the structures of social interaction as crucial to understanding the interactional functions of these particles. In so doing, these analyses transcend some of the traditional confines of the field of linguistic enquiry. Instead of purporting to come up with a unified account of these particles, the papers closely attend to how they are employed by adult and child speakers alike as resources for organizing actions in everyday social life, e.g., accomplishing joint perception/activity, structuring recipiency, stance marking, or doing categorization. The insights they yield shed light on the interactional functions of these particles, enabling us to see that the notions of ‘subject’ and ‘topic’ fall considerably short of representing the dynamic and methodic ways in which they are actually used by the participants for a real-time management of the processes of communication and social interaction.

Key words Topic, Subject, Interactional linguistics, Japanese, Korean, Conversation analysis

Shared laughter as relational strategy at intercultural conflictual workplace interactions

PingDu，School of Education and English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Room 380-2, The Innovation and Enterprise Building, 199 Taikang East Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China

Abstract This study investigates the relational functions of shared laughter in workplace conflict interactions. It is argued that two intertwined but distinct relational concerns are addressed in conflict interactions, namely ‘face’ at the individual level and ‘relational dynamics’ at the interactional level. Based on a case analysis of an intercultural conflictual meeting, it is found that laughing together can be strategically deployed to achieve different relational goals at different stages of the conflict process, including launching aligned face attack, mitigating relational tension, and facilitating reconciliation. It is also found that the audience plays a proactive role in mobilizing shared laughter to mitigate relational tension. Under the verbal constraints of their participation role, they achieve this by transforming the speaker's mitigation laughter into a laughter invitation and thereby constructing metacommunicative laughables. The metacommunicative laughable makes it possible to achieve ‘laughing with’ without ‘laughing at’ and affiliation without disaffiliation in sensitive conflict situations. The process of co-constructing the metacommunicative laughables shows how the intercultural interactants can locally and collaboratively develop shared practices at the interactional level despite possible cultural differences in values, expectations, and practices.

Key words Laughter，Conflict，Chinese workplace，im/politeness，Relationship，Intercultural communication

The development of non-literal uses of language: Sense conventions and pragmatic competence

Ingrid Lossius Falkum，Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas (IFIKK)/Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies (ILN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1020 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway

Abstract A growing body of developmental evidence suggests that the cognitive abilities that enable the expression and comprehension of communicative intentions – so-called pragmatic abilities – which underlie language use and understanding, develop early. However, a puzzling feature of pragmatic development is children's difficulties with non-literal uses of language (e.g., ‘I love you so much I could eat you up!’). I outline a research program that aims to provide input to a novel theoretical account of pragmatic development that resolves this developmental puzzle. Rather than investigating different types of non-literal language use in isolation, we should adopt a global perspective on children's pragmatic difficulties. On the basis of experimental evidence from children's comprehension of metonymy and irony, I hypothesise that children's growing sensitivity to sense conventions impedes their pragmatic reasoning with non-literal uses during the preschool years. According to this hypothesis, children's ‘literalism’ does not result from poor pragmatic abilities, but arises because attending to conventions – and to sense conventions in particular - serves an important function at a particular stage of language and social learning. The aim is to open a new direction for empirical research into the development of non-literal uses of language, and pragmatic development more generally.

Key words Pragmatic development, Non-literal uses of language, Sense conventions, Relevance theory

期刊简介

Since 1977, the Journal of Pragmatics has provided a forum for bringing together a wide range of research in pragmatics, including cognitive pragmatics, corpus pragmatics, experimental pragmatics, historical pragmatics, interpersonal pragmatics, multimodal pragmatics, sociopragmatics, theoretical pragmatics and related fields. Our aim is to publish innovative pragmatic scholarship from all perspectives, which contributes to theories of how speakers produce and interpret language in different contexts drawing on attested data from a wide range of languages/cultures in different parts of the world.

The Journal of Pragmatics also encourages work that uses attested language data to explore the relationship between pragmatics and neighbouring research areas such as semantics, discourse analysis, conversation analysis and ethnomethodology, interactional linguistics, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, media studies, psychology, sociology, and the philosophy of language. Alongside full-length articles, discussion notes and book reviews, the journal welcomes proposals for high quality special issues in all areas of pragmatics which make a significant contribution to a topical or developing area at the cutting-edge of research.

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