今日一词丨辖域歧义Scope-Ambiguities
（1）a.The gypsy regretted that thecaptain was in prison.(那个吉普赛人为上尉人狱而悔恨。)
b.The gypsydidn’t regret that the captain was in prison.(那个吉普赛人没有为上尉人狱而悔恨。)
c.The captain was in prison.（上尉当时已经入狱）
d.The gypsy didn’t regret that the captain was
in prison because she knew that he had in fact escaped.
(那个吉普赛人没有为上尉人狱而悔恨 ,因为她知道他其实已经越狱)
（2）a.The bishop of Avebury visited Enid’s sgallery.(艾夫伯里主教参观过伊尼德美术馆。)
b.The bishopof Avebury did not visit Enid’s gallery.(艾夫伯里主教没有参观过伊尼德美术馆。)
c.There is abishop of Avebury.(有一位艾夫伯里主教)
d.The bishop of Avebury did not visit Enid ’s gallery一there is no bishop of Avebury.
(艾夫伯里主教没有参观过伊尼德美术馆—根本就没有什么艾夫伯里主教 )
在否定句b中,预设c得以保留;这时,预设c在否定词的辖域之外,否定词只否定焦点部分 , 所以有人把这种否定叫做内部否定 (internal negation )。在否定句d中,预设c被公开否认;这时,预设c就在否定词的辖域之内了,否定词把通常处于其辖域之外的预设也否定了, 所以有人把这种否定叫做外部否定 (external negation ) 。
这种由否定词的辖域不同而造成的歧义就是所谓的辖域歧义 (Scope 一 Ambiguities )。
相关研究
往期推荐
● 今日一词丨言语行为理论 Speech Act Theory
● 今日一词 | 浮现主义 Emergentism
● 今日一词丨概念整合理论 Conceptual Blending Theory
● 今日一词丨意象图式 Image Schema
● 今日一词丨依存语法 Dependency Grammer
语言学心得
分享语言学及语言教学心得与感受
今日编者：Shirley盐
审 核：心得小芊