《外国文学研究》2021年第6期主要论文摘要
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2021年第6期(总第212期)
学术访谈
Feng Lihui & Ted Underwood
标题：当下数字人文研究的核心问题与最新进展：泰德·安德伍德访谈录
Title: The Core Issues and Latest Progress of Current Digital Humanities Research: An Interview with Ted Underwood
内容摘要：泰德·安德伍德是伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳—香槟分校英文系和信息科学学院的教授。近十年来，在应对“数字”与“人文”之间日趋激烈的对话方面，他一直扮演着一个引领者的角色。安德伍德长期致力于文学跨学科研究，著述丰硕，涵盖机器学习、数字图书馆、文本挖掘、数字人文等。他在专著《远距离的视野：数字证据与文学变化》（2019）中探讨了数字方法如何能帮助我们描述并理解时间跨度更长、弧度更大的文学变化。冯丽蕙在华盛顿大学访学期间（2019—2020），就数字人文、机器学习、统计模型等前沿话题对安德伍德进行了专访。安德伍德评述数字分析的意义时指出，数字分析能以一种鸟瞰式视野，揭示更宏阔的文学史图景，从而彻底改变我们对文学史的看法。他不仅特别强调了数据是一种建构这一事实，又结合当下数字人文研究最新进展，详细阐述了定量分析也可以具有批判性的观点。针对数字人文研究的未来发展趋势，他表明，目前我们需要思考和解决的问题就是如何改变现有的数据科学实践 , 让其为批评服务。
Abstract: Ted Underwood, a professor both at the Department of English and the School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, has always played a leading role in tackling the intensified conversation between the digital and the humanities over the past decade. Writing in large quantities on the issues of machine learning, digital library, text mining, and digital humanities, Underwood has long been committed to the interdisciplinary studies of literature. In his monograph Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change (2019), Underwood makes an exploration of how digital methods can help us describe and comprehend the larger arcs of literary change across longer time spans. During her visit to the University of Washington (2019-2020), Feng Lihui carried out an interview with Underwood on a wide spectrum of cutting-edge topics, including digital humanities, machine learning, and statistical models. When commenting on the significance of digital analysis, Underwood points out that digital analysis, with a bird’s-eye view, can bring to light a broader landscape of literary history, thus drastically revolutionizing how we perceive literary history. Not only does he lay particular emphasis on the fact that data is a construction, but also he elaborates on the idea that quantitative analysis can also be critical in light of the latest progress of current digital humanities research. With regard to the future trends of digital humanities research, he declares that the problem that we need to reflect on and wrestle with at present is how to change the existing practice of data science to make it work for critique.
中外学者对话：诗歌与诗学研究
Youngmin Kim
Title: Beyond the Nation: Yeats and Cross-Cultural Nationalism
标题：国家之外：叶芝与跨文化民族主义
内容摘要：谢默斯·迪恩和理查德·科尼认为，叶芝的民族主义思想揭示了神话化与神秘化的消极和破坏性的一面。德克兰·基伯德在《创造爱尔兰：现代爱尔兰文学》一书中指出，叶芝在早期诗作里寻求独特的爱尔兰形式与诗风，宣示了浪漫主义和现代主义的民族主义理念。依笔者之见，叶芝长期提议的是，爱尔兰应该通过自我反省“爱尔兰是否保持了文化民族主义历史”来了解自己和自己的历史，在探索另可替代的、多种多样的、包容的跨文化民族主义的过程中，解构传统的爱尔兰民族主义。谢默斯·希尼评判了叶芝的诗歌，在爱尔兰“诗歌传统”的谱系中给自己定了位。无论是否围绕互相交织的诗歌和诗学旋流，新型跨文化民族主义都超出这个国家本身，而后殖民、后民族及跨民族理论对其的演释都处理不当。从跨文化民族主义的视角出发，叶芝和希尼得以、而未来一代的诗人将会，执着于“现实视野”的诗歌传统，在艰难时世和对文明的讽刺中，迸发出他们的创作能量。
Abstract: Seamus Deane and Richard Kearney contend that Yeats’s nationalism reveals the negative and destructive side of mythification and mystification. Declan Kiberd, in his Inventing Ireland: The Literature of the Modern Ireland, points out that Yeats manifests in his early poetry the romantic and modernist nationalism in his search for the unique Irish forms and styles. It is my contention that what Yeats has long suggested is that Ireland should know herself and her history by self-questioning whether Ireland has maintained the history of cultural nationalism, deconstructing traditional Irish nationalism in his search for the alternative diverse and inclusive cross-cultural nationalism. Seamus Heaney reckons Yeats’s poetry and positions himself in the genealogy of the Irish “poetic tradition.” The new cross-cultural nationalism centering and decentering around the interlocking gyres of poetry and poetics goes beyond the nation which postcolonial, postnational, transnational renditions fail to grapple with. From this perspective, Yeats and Heaney could, and the poets of future generation will, be able to commit themselves to the poetic tradition of “vision of reality,” erupting their creative energy in the midst of troubled times and the irony of civilization.
罗良功
标题：美国当代犹太诗歌的个人方言书写
Title: Ideolectical Writing in Contemporary Jewish American Poetry
内容摘要：美国当代犹太诗歌成长的基础是犹太书写与现代主义传统的对话，诗人们从新的社会现实出发，将犹太诗人的身份置于现代主义诗学实践及其意识形态机制之中进行审视并与之进行协商与交换，形成美国当代犹太诗歌的个人方言书写。本文以金斯堡与惠特曼的大众现代主义、查尔斯 • 伯恩斯坦与庞德的现代主义之间的诗学对话为例，梳理美国当代犹太诗歌的诗学理论与实践，探讨美国当代犹太诗歌的个人方言诗歌，剖析当代犹太诗人们具有鲜明个性导向和意识形态内涵的非标准语言实践。
Abstract: The development of contemporary Jewish American poetry is largely based on the dialog between Jewish writing and modernist legacy. Starting from a new social reality, contemporary poets situate their Jewish identity in the practice of modernist poetics and the ideology behind it for scrutiny, negotiation, and exchange in order to formulate the ideolectical writing of contemporary Jewish American poetry. This article focuses on two dialogs, one between Allen Ginsberg and Whitmanian popular modernist legacy, and another between Charles Bernstein and Poundian modernism, so as to tease out the theory and practice of contemporary Jewish American poetics, explore its “ideolectical” writing, and analyze these poets’ personality-orientedness and “ideologically informed nonstandard language practice.”
文学与教育跨学科研究
蒋承勇
标题：革命性“反叛”与功利性“宿命” ——浪漫主义对文学教育功能的疏离及其文学史意义
Title: Revolutionary “Rebellion” and Utilitarian “Destiny”: The Alienation of Romanticism from the Educational Function of Literature and Its Significance in Literary History
内容摘要：“寓教于乐”说是西方文学史上源远流长的传统观念，凸显着文学之教育功能和功利性。19世纪浪漫主义提出了文学“非功利性”和“为艺术而艺术”的理论主张和创作理念，排斥文学的教育功能和其他社会功能，表现出了对延续了2000多年的“寓教于乐”说和文学教育功能及功利性追求的革命性“反叛”, 而且，这种理论深远地影响了后来的世纪末文学和20世纪现代主义文学，开启了西方文学之审美现代性传统，具有深远的文学史意义。不过，教育功能是文学与生俱来的本质属性之一，浪漫主义虽然因其革命性“反叛”开创了西方文学史审美现代性传统，但其创作的教育功能和“功利性”并未因此而完全消失，这是其作为艺术形态的文学所无法摆脱和逾越的“宿命”。
Abstract: The theory of “instructionl with pleasure” is a long-established traditional concept in the history of the Western literature that touts the educational and utilitarian functions of literature. In the 19th century, Romanticism put forth a theoretical claim and creative concept that defined literature as “non-utilitarian” and an “art for art’s sake”, rejected the educational and other social functions of literature, and launched a revolutionary “rebellion” against the theory of “edutainment” and the pursuit of educational and utilitarian functions of literature, both of which had lasted for more than 2000 years. Moreover, such a theoretical commitment is profoundly significant in the history of literature because it exerted a deep influence on the literature of the “End of the Century” and the Modernist literature in the 20th century, and initiated an aesthetic tradition of Modernism in the Western literature. However, the educational function is part of the inherent nature of literature. Although Romanticism started the modernistic aesthetic tradition in the history of Western literature through its revolutionary “rebellion,” the educational function and utilitarian nature of its writings never completely disappeared. This is the “destiny” that literature, as an artistic form, can never discard or surpass.
王松林
标题：旧话重提：从美国大学“英文系的衰退”看文学教育的人文使命
Title: Revisiting an Old Topic: “The Decline of the English Department” and the Humanistic Mission of Literary Education
内容摘要：美国大学“英文系的衰退”是一个旧话题，但这一旧话题值得重提，因为导致英文系衰退的“理论热”和“政治正确”等现象不仅没有消失，而且还在蔓延。从美国大学“英文系的衰退”现象出发，追溯“英文研究”作为一门学科的兴衰历程，可以反观目前我国外国文学教学和研究存在的类似问题。当下我国外国文学教学和研究亟待回归学科本源，回归文学的教育初衷和人文使命。外国文学教学要立足经典，引导学生在经典文本的深度阅读中陶冶道德情操，提升审美情趣。应该认识到，文学是一种润物细无声的公民教育手段，是培养学生形成健全人格和自觉公民意识的有效途径。外国文学研究重在研究文学本身，要把文学当作文学来研究 , 揭示文学本身的道德与审美属性。外国文学教育本质上是一种博雅教育。
Abstract: “The Decline of the English Department” in American universities is an old topic that deserves a revisit because the phenomena like “theory craze” and “political correctness” that triggered the decline of the English Department have not yet disappeared, but still have been spreading instead. If we take the “decline of the English Department” in American universities as a starting point in tracing the rise and fall of English Studies as a discipline, we will be able to reflect on the similar issues in the current teaching and research of foreign literature in China. At present, the teaching and research of foreign literature in China ought to return to the origin of the discipline and restore the initial intention of literary education and its humanistic mission. The teaching of foreign literature, which should be based on the literary canon, is supposed to guide students to shape up their moral sentiment and enhance their aesthetic judgment through intensive reading of literary classics. It should be noted that literature is a means of civic education that spontaneously nurtures the readers’ mind in an effective way to help them cultivate a sound personality and a good sense of citizenship. Foreign literature studies should focus on the study of literary work itself, explore literature as literature, and reveal the moral and aesthetic attributes of literature per se. The education of foreign literature is, in essence, a liberal education.
陈 晞
标题：文学伦理学批评与外国文学教育
Title: Ethical Literary Criticism and Foreign Literature Education
内容摘要：文学伦理学批评认为文学教育的最终目的是伦理教诲，这与高校课程思政建设的目标是一致的。文学伦理学批评成功地构建了中国特色的文学批评理论体系和话语体系，具有跨学科、开放性和中国风格，可以作为构建具有中国特色文科教育的理论指导，发展和完善文学教育理论体系。外国文学教育可以以文学伦理学批评提出的伦理教诲作为课程思政的中心，采用深度教学的教学模式，强调伦理选择在思辨导向教学中的重要作用，引导学生挖掘文学作品的道德价值，培养学生审美观、跨文化体验、辩证性思维和生成性思维。以文学伦理学批评为理论指导的外国文学教育实践，在传授文学知识的同时，也注重提高学生政治认同、文化素养和道德修养，在价值导向性和文化引领性方面发挥了重要作用。
Abstract: Ethical Literary Criticism asserts that the ultimate purpose of literary education is ethical instruction, which is consistent with the goal of the integrated curricula of ideology and politics at the institutions of high education. Ethical Literary Criticism has successfully constructed a self-contained theory of literary criticism and a discourse system with Chinese characteristics. Based on its interdisciplinary, open, and uniquely Chinese approaches, it may serve as a theoretical guide not only in constructing the liberal arts education with distinctive Chinese features, but also in developing and perfecting a complete theoretical framework for literary education. Using the ethical instruction of literature as the goal of the integrated curricula of ideology and politics, as proposed by Ethical Literary Criticism, foreign literature education may adopt the pedagogy of in-depth teaching, emphasize the importance of ethical choice in teaching critical thinking, guide students to explore the moral value of literary works, and cultivate their aesthetics tastes, their cross-cultural experiences, and their ability to think dialectically and generatively. While imparting the knowledge about literature, the practice of foreign literature education, guided by the theory of Ethical Literary Criticism, should put an emphasis on fostering students’ political identity, cultural literacy, and moral cultivation on the one hand and, on the other, playing an important role in their value orientation and cultural leadership.
俄罗斯文学研究
林精华
标题：女性解放小说在俄国的黄金时代：白银时代文学的又一种景观
Title: The Golden Age of Women’s Liberation Novels in Russia: Another Landscape of Literature in the Silver Age
内容摘要：19—20世纪之交正值帝俄“1861年改革”进程累积四十至七十年之际。帝国国力达至顶峰，却突然解体，建立意识形态上面向草根、实质上维持甚至扩大帝俄版图并反西方的苏维埃政权。这种矛盾远不只是高速城市化难以负荷帝国包袱的政治变革产物，而是现代化在导致物质进步的同时，也改变了人们观念所致。观念变革包括性开放、女性自主意识增加等为帝国所不容的思潮。这种背离东正教传统的新潮流，成为期间文学热衷的话题，也使小说家更考虑大众关切，促成大批女性投身其中，使女性小说成为最流行的文学景观之一。倡导女性解放，既是布尔什维克革命的话语，又是苏俄彰显共产主义制度优越性的内涵之一。这就使白银时代关于女性解放之作的意义远超出畅销书范畴，成为推动后来苏俄女性事业发展的重要力量。
Abstract: By the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the Tsarist Russian Empire’s “1861 reform” had gone on for 40-70 years and the Empire reached its peak. Soon, the Empire suddenly disintegrated and lost its power to the Soviet regime, which seemed to favor the grassroots in ideology, but in essence maintained or even expanded the territory of Russian Empire and opposed the West. This kind of contradiction was not just a result from the political changes because the high-speed urbanization could not bear the burden of the Empire, but rather because the modernization shifted people’s concepts while facilitating material progress. The changes of concepts included the ideas that the Empire could not tolerate, such as sexual liberation and women’s increasing awareness of self-independence. This new trend, which deviated from the Orthodox tradition, became a hot topic for literature during the period, prompted novelists to think more about the public concern, and encouraged a large number of women to take on literary writing, hence transforming women’s novel into one of the most popular literary genres at the time. Women’s liberation is not only part of the discourse of the Bolshevik revolution, but also one of the connotations that embodied the superiority of the Communist system in Soviet Russia. In this context, the significance of the works on women’s liberation in the Russian Silver Era went far beyond the scope of bestsellers and, later on, gave a great impetus to the development of women’s course in Soviet Russia.
万海松
标题：《少年》中“宗教与人生”书写的思想史意义
Title: The Ideological Significance of Writing on “A Life with Religion” in Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent
内容摘要：《少年》既是陀思妥耶夫斯基一部典型的描述父与子主题和少年精神成长的成长小说，更是一个书写“宗教与人生”思想的重要文本。少年出身的“偶合家庭”折射出俄国贵族阶层解体的实质，反映了作家的根基主义思想。维尔希洛夫作为俄国“多余人”的变体，阿尔卡季作为处于孩童和成人过渡期的少年，共同亟需精神引导的特点说明了全体救赎的必要性。“圣容善心”和“蜘蛛灵魂”从正反两面促使少年学会辨别是非和选择正确的人生道路。《少年》中关于“宗教与人生”书写的思想史意义，重在彰显人们在失去俄国东正教精神和失而复得之间的不懈追寻与探求，并且展望少年一代的理想与使命的过程。
Abstract: Dostoevsky’s novel, The Adolescent, is not merely a Bildungsroman that addresses the theme of the father-and-son relationship and an adolescent’s spiritual growth, but rather an important text that represents the idea of “a life with religion”. The “Random Family,” in which the teenager Arkady lives, reflects the essence of the Russian aristocracy’s disintegration and reveals the writer’s thoughts of Pochvenichestvo (Native-Soil-ism). The fact that both Versilov, a variant of “superfluous man” in Russia, and Arkady, a teenager in his transition between childhood and adulthood, are in urgent need of spiritual guidance highlights the necessity of universal salvation. Two things, “blagoobrazie” (благообразие, “holy face with kind heart”) and “spider’s soul”, help the adolescent learn, from both positive and negative perspectives, how to distinguish good from evil and choose the proper way of life. The ideological significance in writing about “a life with religion” in The Adolescent is intended to show people’s persistent search and pursuit of the Russian Orthodox ethics between its loss and its recovery and look forward to the ideal and mission of the young generation.
亚非文学研究
王升远
标题：永井荷风《断肠亭日乘》中的“现代日本”批判
Title: The “Modern Japan” in The Diary of Heartbroken Pavilion by Nagai Kafu
内容摘要：永井荷风在战时的缄默抵抗实则保持了其对“现代日本”一贯的文明批判、政治批判姿态。荷风的日记《断肠亭日乘》记录了他对大正和昭和时代日本民风世情的尖锐批判，这一批判又内隐着两个维度：其一、近代以降，城乡人口交杂、都市文化变迁使得这位幕府遗民感到不适，大众文化兴起、革命风潮起伏让他感到厌恶和恐惧，蛰伏以对；而引江户时代的前贤为航灯更暗示着避世姿态乃是政治重压下的无奈与消极抵抗。其二、荷风反复强调“二·二六事件”等政治事件对民风之变的重要影响，将政党腐败、军阀横暴与个人觉醒视为“现代日本”的三个弊病，并将后者视为前二者之根源，却无视政治制度自上而下对社会秩序、世情民风强大的塑造功能，未能揭示在天皇制的国体框架下各方力量之间相互牵制、此消彼长的力量关系，以及由此生成的动态不确定性，如此便难以觅见“现代日本”走向崩溃的历史性形成过程及其政治、思想根源。
Abstract: Nagai Kafu’s silent resistance during the war actually retained his consistent critical posture toward the civilization and politics of “Modern Japan.” Kafu’s The Diary of Heartbroken Pavilion documents his sharp criticism of the customs and social conditions in Japan during the Taisho and Showa periods. His criticism has two implicit dimensions. First, since the start of the modern times, the intermingling of urban and rural populations and the changes of urban culture made Kafu, the adherent of the Shogunate period, feel uncomfortable. Moreover, the rise of the popular culture and the ups and downs of the revolutionary movement brought him so much disgust and fear that he had to retreat to a reclusive life. His reliance on the former sages in the Edo period as his navigation light implies that his seclusion is no more than his helplessness and passive defiance under the strong political pressure. Secondly, Kafu reiterated the significant impact of political incidents, such as the “February Twenty-Sixth In-cident,” on the change of folk customs. He regarded the party corruption, the warlords’ tyranny, and the personal awakening as three maladies of “modern Japan,” identifying the last one as the root cause of the other two. In the meantime, he not only ignored the strong function of the political system in shaping up the social order, the way of life, and folk customs from top to bottom, but also failed to reveal the mutual restraint and fluctuating power relations among various factions within the national system under the Japanese emperor as well as the dynamic uncertainty that would consequently occur. For this reason, he couldn’t figure out the historical process of Modern Japan’s downfall and the origin of its politics and ideology.
宋志明
标题：文化与革命何以交会？——卡布拉尔论非洲文化
Title: How Culture and Revolution Merge?: Cabral’s View of African Culture
内容摘要：卡布拉尔的文化理论是对非洲殖民历史经验的独特回应。卡氏认为，重建非洲文化必须克服保守的民族主义情绪，跨越追求文化“同质化”和排外的“民族主义陷阱”。“返回源头”不是抽象、静止地回归传统，而是夺回被殖民者篡夺和盗窃的历史，恢复民族不可剥夺的拥有自己历史的权力，维护自主发展民族生产力的自由。文化是民族解放斗争的关键因素，非洲文化的重建只有在具体的革命实践中才能完成，是一个革命的“重新非洲化”的过程。卡布拉尔所建构的是一种“非洲式的文化唯物主义”，突出了文化在历史发展和民族解放中的“第一性”和“主体性”地位，对后殖民主义等批判帝国主义文化霸权的理论思潮在世界范围内的兴起具有重要的启迪意义。
Abstract: Cabral’s theory of culture is a unique response to the African experience of colonia history. In Cabral’s view, to rebuild African culture, African people ought to overcome conservative nationalist sentiments and go beyond the cultural “homogeneity” and the exclusive “pitfalls of nationalism.” “Return to the source” is not an abstract and static return to tradition, but to recapture the history usurped and stolen by the colonists and restore a nation’s inalienable right to retain its own history and a nation’s freedom to safeguard the development of its national productivity. Culture is a key factor in the national liberation struggle, whereas the reconstruction of African culture can only be completed in concrete revolutionary practice. It is a revolutionary process of “re-Africanization.” What Cabral constructed is an “African style of cultural materialism,” which accentuates the “primary” and “subjective” status of culture in historical development and national liberation, and will exert an enlightening impact upon the worldwide surge of the Postcolonial and other theories that criticize the imperialist cultural hegemony.
英美文学研究
孙胜忠
标题：麦卡锡的《天下骏马》对特纳“边疆论”的挑战与消解
Title: The Challenge and Deconstruction of Turner’s “Frontier Thesis” in McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses
内容摘要：特纳在《美国历史上边疆的重要性》中称边疆这片“自由土地”具有消除阶级和文化差异、造就个人主义英雄和捏塑独特美利坚民族性格的功能，从而奠定了美国旧西部史的基础，边疆从此成为美国人心中的梦幻之地，直至半个世纪之后史密斯的《处女地》称之为神话和象征。20 世纪六十至八十年代崛起的新西部史不断挑战边疆神话，还原其种族主义和暴力征服的真相。麦卡锡的《天下骏马》与新西部史暗合，借助边疆神话和西部小说传统，讲述主人公南下墨西哥寻觅个人自由及其牛仔梦碎的故事。麦卡锡笔下的科尔不是自由土地上的个人主义英雄，而是陌生世界中异化的单体“木偶”，《天下骏马》不只是边境小说，麦卡锡通过时空挪移旨在挑战特纳的“自由土地”、个人自决等观念，进而消解边疆神话，以便立足当下、反思过去、面向未来。
Abstract: Turner claims in The Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893) that the frontier, as “an area of free land,” erases the distinctions of classes and social status and creates individualistic heroes and the unique national character of America, thus establishing the foundation of the history of Old West and turning the frontier into a land of fantasy for Americans. Half a century later, Smith renders the frontier as a myth and a symbol in his Virgin Land. Since its emergence in the early 1980s, the New Western History has constantly challenged the myth of the West and tried to disclose the truth of racialism and violent conquer during the Westward Expansion. In a way that echoes with the call from the New Western History, McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses, which draws on the myth of the frontier and the mode of the Western novel, tells a story of a young man who travels southward to Mexico but fails to accomplish his individual freedom or his cowboy dream. The protagonist Cole is not an individualistic hero on the free land, but an alienated single puppet in a strange world. All the Pretty Horses is not just a border novel. By shifting both the temporal and spatial boundaries, McCarthy challenges Turner’s ideas about “free land” and self-determination for the purpose of further deconstructing the myth of the frontier and urging the reader to face the present, reflect on the past, and look into the future.
高莉敏
标题：《卡瓦利与克雷的神奇冒险》中的魔像与犹太文化认同建构
Title: Golem and the Construction of Jewish Cultural Identity in The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay
内容摘要：在当代美国社会，魔像的概念早已超脱了其原初的含义，彰显了当代美国犹太作家对犹太文化认同建构问题的思考。在《卡瓦利与克雷的神奇冒险》中，作家迈克尔·夏邦通过魔像的三种形态表达了对犹太文化认同的理解。他以布拉格泥人指涉犹太文化的主体性，表现当代美国犹太作家的文化自觉与自信，建立犹太文化认同的基础；以美国逃脱侠喻意犹太文化的现代化进程，指代犹太文化的发展与进步，构成犹太文化认同的策略与路径；以魔像乔瑟夫象征犹太化的美国文化，代表犹太文化对美国文化格局的改变，形成犹太文化认同的目标指向。夏邦通过探讨犹太文化在美国社会环境中的意义，为当代美国犹太人的身份建构和犹太性塑造提供了参考，表达了作者对当代美国社会中犹太人生存现状的关注与思考。
Abstract: In contemporary American society, the concept of golem has long been beyond its original meaning, which highlights contemporary Jewish American writers’ reflection on the issue concerning the construction of Jewish cultural identity. In The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, Michael Chabon represents his interpretation regarding the construction of Jewish cultural identity by exploring three different dimensions of golem: 1) using the Golem of Prague to embody the subjectivity of Jewish culture and Jewish American writers’ cultural awareness and confidence, so as to build the foundation of Jewish cultural identity; 2) using American Escaper as a symbol of the modernization of Jewish culture, not only facilitating its development and progress, but also figuring out the proper strategy for and route to Jewish cultural identity; 3) using Golem Joseph as a symbol of Judaized American culture, indicating the shift in the pattern of American culture effected by Jewish culture and setting up the goal of accomplishing Jewish cultural identity. By exploring the significance of Jewish culture in American society, Chabon shows his concern with Jews’ life in American society and offers his input for constructing contemporary Jewish American identity and defining the concept of Jewishness.
金 佳
标题：“英格兰花园”的狂欢与焦虑 ——《花园里的贞女》与共同体形塑
Title: Revelries and Anxieties in “the Garden of England”: The Virgin in the Garden and Community Building
内容摘要：花园是英国文化的重要符号，也是拜厄特小说《花园里的贞女》中的核心意象。以往研究强调了这部小说与经典花园文本之间的互文性，尤其关注了花园的女性象征，但是大都忽视了其中的花园书写与共同体形塑之间的联系。如果将小说置于英国自身的花园文化传统，尤其是放在“英格兰大花园”的共同体想象传统中加以审视，就能发现花园意象在这部小说中的复杂内涵。它在呈现“快乐英格兰”这个经典的“乌托邦”幻象的同时，也传达了文化与环境的双重焦虑，以及在焦虑背后蕴藏的希望，即以包容和开放心态正视共同体面临的危机，通过历史传统和自然风土两方面的深度连接以实现英格兰花园的复兴。
Abstract: An important cultural icon of England, the garden is a central image in A. S. Byatt’s novel, The Virgin in the Garden. Previous studies have noted the intertextuality between this novel and some classic works of garden literature, with a particular focus on the garden as a symbol of femininity, but they have largely ignored the connection between the writing about garden in the novel and community building. If we explore the novel in the context of England’s own traditional culture of garden, or its traditional imagination of the community within “the Garden of England” in particular, we may discover the complex connotations of the garden image in the novel. While depicting “the Merry England” as a classic vision of “utopia,” the novel discloses not only anxieties over culture and environment, but also a hope that lurks underneath, namely, a hope to confront the community crisis with tolerance and open- mindedness, and to revive “the Garden of England” through a deep connection between historical traditions and genius loci.
学术动态
刘建军
标题：圣经文学研究的新突破 ——评杨建的《从〈旧约〉向〈新约〉的文学嬗变研究》
Title: A New Breakthrough in the Study of Biblical Literature: A Review on Yang Jian’s The Literary Evolution from the Old Testament to the New Testament
内容摘要：杨建教授的新书《从〈旧约〉向〈新约〉的文学嬗变研究》全面考察了国内外圣经文学研究现状，立足于当代圣经学术前沿提出问题，以丰盈绵密的《圣经》引文为依据，坚持从研究资料和文本分析中引出观点，从两约比较中得出了很扎实的结论。该书是圣经文学研究的新突破，主要体现在以下三个方面：一、建立了中国学者两约比较研究新体系；二、提出了一些较有学术价值的新观点；三、有助于《圣经》相关学术领域的研究。
Abstract: The Literary Evolution from the Old Testament to the New Testament, the latest monograph by Yang Jian, presents a comprehensive survey of the latest scholarship on the biblical literature at home and abroad and raises questions on the front line of contemporary biblical studies. Using abundant but highly selective citations from The Bible as evidence, the book generates its arguments from research materials and textual analyses and draws solid conclusions from a comparison between the two Testaments. Its significance as a new breakthrough in the study of biblical literature may be mainly manifested in three aspects: first, establishing a new system of a comparative study between the two Testaments for Chinese scholars; second, introducing a series of valuable scholarly views; third, making contributions to the research in The Bible-related academic fields.
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