其实，就像警察制服包含有警帽，厨师制服除了白大褂还有厨师帽，而在英国，假发也是法庭制服的重要组成部分。

Many of the judges and barristers who wearwigs in court say the headpiece — also known as a peruke — brings a sense of formality and solemnity to proceedings.
许多法官和出庭律师表示，戴上这种假发会给诉讼程序增加庄严肃穆的仪式感。

Like many uniforms, wigs are an emblem ofanonymity, an attempt to distance the wearer from personal involvement and away to visually draw on the supremacy of the law, says Kevin Newton, aWashington, D.C.-based lawyer who studied law at the University of London. Wigsare so much a part of British criminal courts that if a barrister doesn't weara wig, it's seen as an insult to the court.
来自华盛顿的律师凯文•牛顿曾在伦敦法学院学习法律系。他表示，和其他制服一样，假发是一种不露身份的象征，它试图将佩戴者的个人情感与法庭分割开来，从视觉上塑造法律的至高无上性。假发在英国刑事法庭中意义重大，如果一个律师不戴假发，则会被视为对法庭的侮辱。

大家应该在英国律政剧或者早期的港剧中见过出庭律师及法官佩戴假发的模样，那你是否留意到法官和律师佩戴的假发不一样呢？ 

Barristers must wear a wig slightly frizzedat the crown, with horizontal curls on the sides and back. In addition, thereare two long strips of hair that hang down below the hairline on the neck andsport a looped curl at each end. Different types of lawyers, though, havedistinctions in the style of wig.
出庭律师佩戴的假发样式必须是头顶后部稍卷，两侧和后脑带有水平卷曲。此外，脖子发际线下还要垂下两缕长长的头发，每缕末端也有一个环形卷曲。不同类型的律师，佩戴的假发风格也有所不同。

A judge's wig is similar, but more ornate.It's a full wig, from a slightly frizzed top that transitions into tighthorizontal curls that range several inches below the shoulders.
法官的假发样式和律师的差不多，但更为华丽，是一顶全头套假发，顶部微卷，向下逐渐变为浓密的水平卷曲，长度在肩膀以下几英寸。

这些看上去普通，从时尚的角度看，甚至有些丑的假发其实也不简单，至少价格不便宜。

Most wigs are made of white horse hair, butas a wig yellows with age, it takes on a coveted patina that conveysexperience.
大多数假发都是由白色的马毛制成，但随着时间推移，假发会变黄，散发出代表着经验老道的光泽。

Horse hair may not seem like a particularlyprecious material, but pair specialty hair with an age-old craft of styling,sewing and gluing, and the resulting wigs aren't cheap. A judge's full-lengthwig can cost more than $3,000, while the shorter ones worn by barristers costmore than $500.
马毛似乎不算特别珍贵的材质，但将这些毛发用古老的工艺造型、缝纫、胶合，打造成假发并不便宜。一顶标准长度的法官假发售价超过3000美元（约合人民币2万元），而出庭律师佩戴的短假发也要花费500多美元（约合人民币3300元）。

那么，终极问题来了，到底是谁引领了这一潮流，让英国司法界对假发欲罢不能呢？毕竟在过去的几个世纪里，假发已经从普通男士时尚中消失了。

In the 17th century, only the elite worepowdered wigs made of horsehair. Those who couldn't afford the elite garb butwanted to look the part wore wigs made of hair from goats, spooled cotton orhuman corpses.
在17世纪，只有社会精英才能佩戴马毛制成的扑粉假发。而那些买不起又想要充样子的人，只能戴山羊毛、棉花或死人毛发制成的假发。

Wigs began to catch on in the late 16thcentury when an increasing number of people in Europe were contracting the STD.Without widespread treatment with antibiotics, people with syphilis wereplagued by rashes, blindness, dementia, open sores and hair loss. The hair losswas particularly problematic in social circles.
假发在16世纪晚期开始流行。当时欧洲越来越多的人感染了性病，由于当时抗生素还没有广泛用于治疗，感染者饱受皮疹、失明、痴呆、开放性溃疡和脱发的折磨。而脱发的问题在社交圈中尤为严重。

Wigs, when not used to coversyphilis-related hair loss, were a big help for those who had lice. After all,it was much more difficult to treat and pick through the hair on one's headthan it was to sanitize a wig.
除了掩盖性病导致的脱发，假发对长虱子的人来说也有很大帮助。毕竟处理头发上的虱子要比给假发消毒麻烦多了。

Over time, wigs fell out of fashion withsociety as a whole. During the reign of England's King George III, from 1760 to1820, wigs were worn by only a few — namely bishops, coachmen and those in the legal profession. Andbishops were permitted to stop wearing them in the 1830s. But the courts keptwigs for hundreds of years more.
随着时间的推移，假发不再流行于整个社会。1760-1820年，英国国王乔治三世在位期间，只有少数的主教、马车夫和法律界人士佩戴假发。到19世纪30年代，主教获准停止佩戴假发。而法庭则将这项传统保留了数百年。

In 2007, though, new dress rules did awaywith barrister wigs — for the most part. Wigs were no longer required during family orcivil court appearances, or when appearing before the Supreme Court of theUnited Kingdom. Wigs, however, remain in use in criminal cases.
2007年的新着装规定基本免去了出庭律师的假发，当律师在家事法庭、民事法庭或英国最高法院出庭时，不需要再佩戴假发。但在刑事案件中，需佩戴假发。

In the U.K. and Ireland, judges continuedto wear wigs until 2011, when the practice was discontinued. In England, andother former English and British colonies — like Canada, for instance, whose provinces abandoned the wigsthroughout the 19th and 20th centuries, or Jamaica which removed the wigs in2013 — lawyers andjudges now only wear wigs for ceremonies.
在英国和爱尔兰，直到2011年法官佩戴假发的规定才取消。在英格兰和其他英国的前殖民地，律师和法官只需在参加仪式时佩戴假发。例如，加拿大在19和20世纪就遗弃了这一传统，而牙买加在2013年也取消了该规定。

所以，如今的英国法官非必要是不用佩戴假发出庭了，延续数百年的传统也就此结束了，你以为这样是大快人心的么？其实反对声音也不少，据悉，一些年轻的法官和律师认为假发可以提高他们的权威，一旦取消传统装束会破坏法庭的庄严气氛。他们认为，有的法官一生只戴一个假发，即使最后破烂不堪，也是一种资历象征。根据司法部的调查显示，70%的法庭工作人员想保留假发，相比之下只有42%的公众这么想。

来源:英语相对论