《奥本海默》你觉得怎么样？

近日，电影《奥本海默》（Oppenheimer）正在热映，你看了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What sentiment did Oppenheimer express to Einstein about the situation he faced in 1954?

a. He felt that he was betrayed by the U.S.

b. He showed indifference to the accusations against him.

c. He felt that he couldn't abandon his homeland regardless of the challenges.

d. He believed that he would easily prove his loyalty.

a. Supportive  b. Ambivalent

c. Critical  d. Indifferent

a. Atomic weapons should be used strategically on the battlefield.

b. Atomic weapons are instruments of pure terror and not meant for warfare.

c. The invention of atomic weapons was regrettable.

d. Atomic weapons were essential to ensure global peace.

无注释原文：

The Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer

From: The New York Times

One day in the spring of 1954, J. Robert Oppenheimer ran into Albert Einstein outside their offices at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. Oppenheimer had been the director of the institute since 1947 and Einstein a faculty member since he fled Germany in 1933. The two men might argue about quantum physics — Einstein grumbled that he just didn’t think that God played dice with the universe — but they were good friends.

Oppenheimer took the occasion to explain to Einstein that he was going to be absent from the institute for some weeks. He was being forced to defend himself in Washington, D.C., during a secret hearing against charges that he was a security risk, and perhaps even disloyal. Einstein argued that Oppenheimer “had no obligation to subject himself to the witch hunt, that he had served his country well, and that if this was the reward she [America] offered he should turn his back on her.” Oppenheimer demurred, saying he could not turn his back on America. “He loved America,” said Verna Hobson, his secretary who was a witness to the conversation, “and this love was as deep as his love of science.”

“Einstein doesn’t understand,” Oppenheimer told Ms. Hobson. But as Einstein walked back into his office he told his own assistant, nodding in the direction of Oppenheimer, “There goes a narr,” or fool.

Einstein was right. Oppenheimer was foolishly subjecting himself to a kangaroo court in which he was soon stripped of his security clearance and publicly humiliated. The charges were flimsy, but by a vote of 2 to 1 the security panel of the Atomic Energy Commission deemed Oppenheimer a loyal citizen who was nevertheless a security risk: “We find that Dr. Oppenheimer’s continuing conduct and association have reflected a serious disregard for the requirements of the security system.” The scientist would no longer be trusted with the nation’s secrets. Celebrated in 1945 as the “father of the atomic bomb,” nine years later he would become the chief celebrity victim of the McCarthyite maelstrom.

Oppenheimer may have been naïve, but he was right to fight the charges — and right to use his influence as one of the country’s pre-eminent scientists to speak out against a nuclear arms race. In the months and years leading up to the security hearing, Oppenheimer had criticized the decision to build a “super” hydrogen bomb. Astonishingly, he had gone so far as to say that the Hiroshima bomb was used “against an essentially defeated enemy.” The atomic bomb, he warned, “is a weapon for aggressors, and the elements of surprise and terror are as intrinsic to it as are the fissionable nuclei.” These forthright dissents against the prevailing view of Washington’s national security establishment earned him powerful political enemies. That was precisely why he was being charged with disloyalty.

It is my hope that Christopher Nolan’s stunning new film on Oppenheimer’s complicated legacy will initiate a national conversation not only about our existential relationship to weapons of mass destruction, but also the need in our society for scientists as public intellectuals. Mr. Nolan’s three-hour film is a riveting thriller and mystery story that delves deeply into what this country did to its most famous scientist.

Sadly, Oppenheimer’s life story is relevant to our current political predicaments. Oppenheimer was destroyed by a political movement characterized by rank know-nothing, anti-intellectual, xenophobic demagogues. The witch-hunters of that season are the direct ancestors of our current political actors of a certain paranoid style. I’m thinking of Roy Cohn, Senator Joseph McCarthy’s chief counsel, who tried to subpoena Oppenheimer in 1954, only to be warned that this could interfere with the impending security hearing against Oppenheimer. Yes, that Roy Cohn, who taught former President Donald Trump his brash, wholly deranged style of politics. Just recall the former president’s fact-challenged comments on the pandemic or climate change. This is a worldview proudly scornful of science.

After America’s most celebrated scientist was falsely accused and publicly humiliated, the Oppenheimer case sent a warning to all scientists not to stand up in the political arena as public intellectuals. This was the real tragedy of Oppenheimer. What happened to him also damaged our ability as a society to debate honestly about scientific theory — the very foundation of our modern world.

Quantum physics has utterly transformed our understanding of the universe. And this science has also given us a revolution in computing power and incredible biomedical innovations to prolong human life. Yet, too many of our citizens still distrust scientists and fail to understand the scientific quest, the trial and error inherent in testing any theory against facts by experimenting. Just look at what happened to our public health civil servants during the recent pandemic.

We stand on the cusp of another technological revolution in which artificial intelligence will transform how we live and work, and yet we are not yet having the kind of informed civil discourse with its innovators that could help us to make wise policy decisions on its regulation. Our politicians need to listen more to technology innovators like Sam Altman and quantum physicists like Kip Thorne and Michio Kaku.

Oppenheimer was trying desperately to have that kind of conversation about nuclear weapons. He was trying to warn our generals that these are not battlefield weapons, but weapons of pure terror. But our politicians chose to silence him; the result was that we spent the Cold War engaged in a costly and dangerous arms race.

Today, Vladimir Putin’s not-so-veiled threats to deploy tactical nuclear weapons in the war in Ukraine are a stark reminder that we can never be complacent about living with nuclear weapons. Oppenheimer did not regret what he did at Los Alamos; he understood that you cannot stop curious human beings from discovering the physical world around them. One cannot halt the scientific quest, nor can one un-invent the atomic bomb. But Oppenheimer always believed that human beings could learn to regulate these technologies and integrate them into a sustainable and humane civilization. We can only hope he was right.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

“原子弹之父”奥本海默的悲剧

The Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer

From: The New York Times

One day in the spring of 1954, J. Robert Oppenheimer ran into Albert Einstein outside their offices at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. Oppenheimer had been the director of the institute since 1947 and Einstein a faculty member since he fled Germany in 1933. The two men might argue about quantum physics — Einstein grumbled that he just didn’t think that God played dice with the universe — but they were good friends.

1954年春的一天，罗伯特·奥本海默在新泽西州普林斯顿高等研究院的办公室外偶遇阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。奥本海默自1947年起担任该研究院院长，而爱因斯坦自1933年逃离德国以来一直是这里的教员。两人会就量子物理学争论不休——爱因斯坦忿忿不平地说，他就是不相信上帝会掷骰子——但他们是好朋友。

quantum /ˈkwɒn.təm/ 表示“量子”，英文解释为“the smallest amount or unit of something, especially energy”如：quantum theory 量子理论。

grumble /ˈɡrʌm.bəl/ 可以作名词（相当于complaint），也可以作动词，表示“发牢骚，抱怨，嘟囔”，英文解释为“to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way”举个🌰：She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job. 她一晚上都在向我抱怨她的工作。

📍mustn't grumble表示“没有什么好抱怨的，日子过得还不错”，英文解释为“something you say to mean that your life is not bad and that you should not complain about it”举个🌰："How's it going then, LR?" "Oh, not too bad. Mustn't grumble."“那么，一切还好吧，卤肉？”“哦，挺好，没有什么好抱怨的。”

🎬电影《老爸上战场》（Dad's Army）中的台词提到：But one mustn't grumble. 字幕组译为：差强人意啦。

英式 dice，美式/旧式用法 die，表示“骰子”，英文解释为“a small cube (= object with six equal square sides) with a different number of spots on each side, used in games involving chance”，复数也是dice.

📍roll a die 表示“摇骰子”，英文解释为“Rolling a die means throwing the shape into the air to obtain a certain number to move forward in any game.”

📍God does not play dice with the universe. “上帝不会掷骰子”是物理学家爱因斯坦的一句名言。人们把这句名言当做他断然否定量子力学的证据，因为量子力学把随机性看作是物理世界的内禀性质，但人们其实误解了他。

Oppenheimer took the occasion to explain to Einstein that he was going to be absent from the institute for some weeks. He was being forced to defend himself in Washington, D.C., during a secret hearing against charges that he was a security risk, and perhaps even disloyal. Einstein argued that Oppenheimer “had no obligation to subject himself to the witch hunt, that he had served his country well, and that if this was the reward she [America] offered he should turn his back on her.” Oppenheimer demurred, saying he could not turn his back on America. “He loved America,” said Verna Hobson, his secretary who was a witness to the conversation, “and this love was as deep as his love of science.”

奥本海默借此机会向爱因斯坦解释，他要离开研究院几个星期。他被迫要在华盛顿的一场秘密听证会上为自己辩护，因为有人指控他构成安全威胁，甚至可能背叛国家。爱因斯坦认为，奥本海默“没有义务让自己成为政治迫害的对象，他为国家做出了很好的贡献，如果这就是她（美国）提供的奖励，他应该抛弃她”。奥本海默表示反对，说他不能背弃美国。“他爱美国，”他的秘书、目击了这次谈话的维尔纳·霍布森说，“这种爱就像他对科学的热爱一样深沉。”

1）表示“保护，防卫；为…辩护”，英文解释为“to protect someone or something against attack or criticism; to speak in favour of someone or something”举个🌰：They are fighting to defend their beliefs/interests/rights. 他们在为捍卫自己的信仰/利益/权利而战。

2）表示“（在法庭上）为…辩护，当…的辩护律师”，英文解释为“to act as a lawyer for someone who has been accused of something in a court of law and try to prove that they are not guilty”举个🌰：I can't afford a lawyer, so I shall defend myself (= argue my own case in a court of law). 我请不起律师，所以我将在法庭上自辩。

3）表示“（运动比赛中）卫冕；蝉联冠军”，英文解释为“to compete in a sports competition that you won before and try to win it again”举个🌰：He will defend his 1,500 metre title this weekend. 他会在周末1500米比赛中争取卫冕。

4）表示“（在体育比赛中）防守，防卫”，英文解释为“to try to prevent the opposing player or players from scoring points, goals, etc. in a sport”举个🌰：In the last ten minutes of the game, we needed to defend. 我们得在比赛的最后十分钟内进行防守。

disloyal /ˌdɪsˈlɔɪ.əl/ 表示“不忠诚的，背叛的”，英文解释为“not supporting someone that you should support”举个🌰：His sisters thought that his autobiography was disloyal to the family. 他的姐姐们认为他的自传是对家人的背叛。

表示“义务；责任；职责”，英文解释为“the fact that you are obliged to do something”举个🌰：If you have not signed a contract, you are under no obligation to (= it is not necessary to) pay them any money. 如果你没有签合同，你就没有义务付给他们钱。

表示“对反对派的搜捕；政治迫害”，英文解释为“an attempt to find and punish people whose opinions are unpopular and who are said to be a danger to society”。

demur /dɪˈmɜː/ 表示“提出异议；拒绝”，英文解释为“to express disagreement or refuse to do something”举个🌰：The lawyer requested a break in the court case, but the judge demurred. 律师请求休庭，但法官没有同意。

“Einstein doesn’t understand,” Oppenheimer told Ms. Hobson. But as Einstein walked back into his office he told his own assistant, nodding in the direction of Oppenheimer, “There goes a narr,” or fool.

“爱因斯坦不明白，”奥本海默告诉霍布森。但当爱因斯坦走回办公室的时候，他朝奥本海默的方向示意，对自己的助手说，“那是个傻瓜。”

Narr是德语词汇，意思是“傻瓜”或“愚人”。

Einstein was right. Oppenheimer was foolishly subjecting himself to a kangaroo court in which he was soon stripped of his security clearance and publicly humiliated. The charges were flimsy, but by a vote of 2 to 1 the security panel of the Atomic Energy Commission deemed Oppenheimer a loyal citizen who was nevertheless a security risk: “We find that Dr. Oppenheimer’s continuing conduct and association have reflected a serious disregard for the requirements of the security system.” The scientist would no longer be trusted with the nation’s secrets. Celebrated in 1945 as the “father of the atomic bomb,” nine years later he would become the chief celebrity victim of the McCarthyite maelstrom.

爱因斯坦是对的。奥本海默愚蠢地把自己送上了一个不公正的法庭，他的安全审批权限很快被剥夺，并受到公开羞辱。这些指控站不住脚，但原子能委员会的安全小组以2比1的投票结果认为，奥本海默是一名忠诚的公民，但仍存在安全隐患：“我们发现，奥本海默博士的持续行为和往来反映出他严重无视安全系统的要求。”这位科学家不能再有接触国家机密的资格。1945年，他曾被誉为“原子弹之父”；九年后，他成为麦卡锡主义大漩涡的主要名人受害者。

kangaroo court /ˌkæŋ.ɡər.uː ˈkɔːt/ 表示“袋鼠法庭（指在监狱、工会或其他组织中私设的公堂或非正规的法庭）”，英文解释为“an unofficial court set up by a group of people, especially in a prison, trade union, or other organization, to deal with a disagreement or with a member of the group who is considered to have broken the rules”

flimsy /ˈflɪm.zi/ 1）表示“（论点、借口等）不足信的，站不住脚的”，英文解释为“A flimsy argument, excuse, etc. is weak and difficult to believe.”举个🌰：He gave me some flimsy excuse about having car trouble. 他给了个很不足信的借口，说车出毛病了。

2）表示“很薄的；易破的；易损坏的”，英文解释为“very thin, or easily broken or destroyed”举个🌰：You won't be warm enough in that flimsy dress. 你穿那么薄的衣服不够暖和。

表示“认为; 相信”，英文解释为“If something is deemed to have a particular quality or to do a particular thing, it is considered to have that quality or do that thing.”举个🌰：He says he would support the use of force if the UN deemed it necessary. 他说如果联合国认为有必要，他就支持动用武力。

maelstrom /ˈmeɪl.strɒm/ 表示“骚乱；极度混乱”，英文解释为“a situation in which there is great confusion, violence, and destruction”

Oppenheimer may have been naïve, but he was right to fight the charges — and right to use his influence as one of the country’s pre-eminent scientists to speak out against a nuclear arms race. In the months and years leading up to the security hearing, Oppenheimer had criticized the decision to build a “super” hydrogen bomb. Astonishingly, he had gone so far as to say that the Hiroshima bomb was used “against an essentially defeated enemy.” The atomic bomb, he warned, “is a weapon for aggressors, and the elements of surprise and terror are as intrinsic to it as are the fissionable nuclei.” These forthright dissents against the prevailing view of Washington’s national security establishment earned him powerful political enemies. That was precisely why he was being charged with disloyalty.

奥本海默可能是天真了些，但他对抗指控的做法是正确的——他也正确地利用了自己作为美国杰出科学家之一的影响力，大声疾呼反对核军备竞赛。在安全听证会之前的几个月乃至几年里，奥本海默一直在批评制造“超级”氢弹的决定。令人惊讶的是，他甚至说广岛原子弹被用来“对付一个基本上已经被打败的敌人”。他警告称，原子弹“是侵略者的武器，其意外和恐怖的元素就像可裂变的原子核（the fissionable nuclei）一样，是它固有的特性”。这些公然与华盛顿国家安全机构主流观点相左的态度给他引来了强悍的政治敌人。这正是他被指控不忠于国家的原因。

eminent /ˈem.ɪ.nənt/ 表示“显赫的；卓越的；著名的”，英文解释为“famous, respected, or important”如：an eminent historian 声名显赫的历史学家。

表示“内在的；本质的”，英文解释为“If something has intrinsic value or intrinsic interest, it is valuable or interesting because of its basic nature or character, and not because of its connection with other things.”举个🌰：Diamonds have little intrinsic value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. 钻石没有多少内在价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于其稀有程度。

表示“（过于）坦诚的，直率的；直截了当的”，英文解释为“(too) honest or direct in behaviour”举个🌰：His forthright manner can be mistaken for rudeness. 他率直的态度可能会被误认为无礼。

dissent /dɪˈsent/ 表示“（尤指对正式建议、计划或普遍看法的）不同意，异议”，英文解释为“a strong difference of opinion on a particular subject, especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief”举个🌰：When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent. 在通过该项提案的时候，有一两个人表示不同意。

主要有两个含义，1）表示“（观点，原则）占上风，占优势，获胜”，英文解释为“If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument.”举个🌰：Justice will prevail. 正义终将获胜。Common sense prevails/Reason prevails (=a sensible decision is made). 常识/理智占了上风。

2）表示“盛行；普遍存在”，英文解释为“If a situation, attitude, or custom prevails in a particular place at a particular time, it is normal or most common in that place at that time.”

It is my hope that Christopher Nolan’s stunning new film on Oppenheimer’s complicated legacy will initiate a national conversation not only about our existential relationship to weapons of mass destruction, but also the need in our society for scientists as public intellectuals. Mr. Nolan’s three-hour film is a riveting thriller and mystery story that delves deeply into what this country did to its most famous scientist.

克里斯托弗·诺兰震撼人心的新片讲述了奥本海默复杂难明的传奇，我希望它能够引发全民热议——不仅是关于我们与大规模杀伤性武器之间关乎存亡的关系，同时还关于我们的社会多么需要科学家也担任公共知识分子。诺兰这部时长三小时的电影讲述了一段引人入胜的惊悚悬疑故事，深刻揭露了美国究竟对其最著名的科学家做过什么。

1）表示“极有魅力的；绝妙的；给人以深刻印象的”，英文解释为“extremely attractive or impressive”举个🌰：She looks absolutely stunning! 她看上去漂亮极了。

2）表示“令人惊奇万分的；令人震惊的”，英文解释为“extremely surprising or shocking”，如：a stunning defeat 惨败。

🎬 电影《惊天魔盗团2》（Now You See Me 2）中的台词提到：And the stunning revelation that FBI agent Dylan Rhodes ... 还有惊天大揭露联调局特工迪伦·罗兹…

📺 美剧《黑袍纠察队》（The Boys）第一季中的台词提到：Stunning! Absolutely stunning. 惊艳全场，太惊艳了！

legacy /ˈleɡ.ə.si/ 1）表示“遗产，遗赠”，英文解释为“money or property that you receive from someone after they die”举个🌰：An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy. 一位堂兄留给她一小笔遗产。

2）表示“历史遗产，遗留物”，英文解释为“something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time”举个🌰：The Greeks have a rich legacy of literature. 希腊人有丰富的文学遗产。

📍2022年政府工作报告Part 18中提到了这个词：用好北京冬奥会遗产。We will make the most of the legacy of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.

riveting /ˈrɪv.ɪ.tɪŋ/ 表示“引人入胜的，吸引人的”，英文解释为“extremely interesting”举个🌰：It was a riveting story. 那是个非常动听的故事。

thriller /ˈθrɪlə/ 表示“（尤指关于罪案或间谍的）惊险小说（或戏剧、电影）”，英文解释为“a book, play or film/movie with an exciting story, especially one about crime or spying”。

delve /delv/ into sth 表示“深入探索；探究”，英文解释为“to examine something carefully in order to discover more information about someone or something”举个🌰：It's not always a good idea to delve too deeply into someone's past. 过分探究某人的过去并不见得总是一件好事。

Sadly, Oppenheimer’s life story is relevant to our current political predicaments. Oppenheimer was destroyed by a political movement characterized by rank know-nothing, anti-intellectual, xenophobic demagogues. The witch-hunters of that season are the direct ancestors of our current political actors of a certain paranoid style. I’m thinking of Roy Cohn, Senator Joseph McCarthy’s chief counsel, who tried to subpoena Oppenheimer in 1954, only to be warned that this could interfere with the impending security hearing against Oppenheimer. Yes, that Roy Cohn, who taught former President Donald Trump his brash, wholly deranged style of politics. Just recall the former president’s fact-challenged comments on the pandemic or climate change. This is a worldview proudly scornful of science.

悲哀的是，奥本海默的人生与我们当前的政治困境息息相关。他被一场充斥着无知、反智和仇外煽动者的政治运动所摧毁。当年的猎巫者正是如今这些心怀某种偏执的参政者的直系祖先。我想到了参议员约瑟夫·麦肯锡的首席法务顾问罗伊·科恩，后者曾在1954年试图传唤奥本海默，结果被人提醒称，这和奥本海默即将出席的安全听证会可能有冲突。是的，正是这位罗伊·科恩塑造出了前总统特朗普那狂妄十足的政治风格。只要回顾一下前总统对疫情或气候变化事实的质疑即可。那是一种傲慢蔑视科学的世界观。

predicament /prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt/ 表示“尴尬的处境，窘境，困境”，英文解释为“an unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of”举个🌰：She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament. 她希望能从银行得到一笔贷款以摆脱经济困境。

paranoid /ˈpær.ən.ɔɪd/ 表示“偏执的，多疑的”，英文解释为“feeling extremely nervous and worried because you believe that other people do not like you or are trying to harm you”举个🌰：He started feeling paranoid and was convinced his boss was going to fire him. 他开始疑神疑鬼，确信老板要解雇他。

subpoena /səˈpiː.nə/ 作名词，表示“传票”，英文解释为“a legal document ordering someone to appear in a law court”

作动词，表示“传唤（某人）出庭”，英文解释为“to order someone to go to a law court to answer questions”

表示“即将发生的，逼近的”，英文解释为“An impending event is one that is going to happen very soon.”举个🌰：She had a sense of impending disaster. 她有种大祸即将临头的感觉。

brash /bræʃ/ 表示“（人）傲慢的；粗鲁的；自以为是的”，英文解释为“(of people) showing too much confidence and too little respect”如：a brash young banker 自以为是的青年银行家。

deranged /dɪˈreɪndʒd/ 表示“精神错乱的，发狂的，疯狂的”，英文解释为“completely unable to think clearly or behave in a controlled way, especially because of mental illness”如：a deranged criminal/mind/personality 疯狂的罪犯/混乱的头脑／狂躁的人格。

scornful /ˈskɔːn.fəl/ 表示“轻视，鄙视”，英文解释为“showing or feeling scorn for someone or something”如：a scornful look/remark/laugh/tone 轻蔑的表情/话语/笑声/口吻。

After America’s most celebrated scientist was falsely accused and publicly humiliated, the Oppenheimer case sent a warning to all scientists not to stand up in the political arena as public intellectuals. This was the real tragedy of Oppenheimer. What happened to him also damaged our ability as a society to debate honestly about scientific theory — the very foundation of our modern world.

在美国最著名的科学家被诬告和公开羞辱之后，奥本海默事件给所有科学家敲响了警钟，那就是不要以公共知识分子的身份站上政治舞台。这才是奥本海默真正的悲剧所在。他遭遇的一切也损害了我们的社会开诚布公讨论科学理论的能力，而这正是我们现代世界的根基。

Quantum physics has utterly transformed our understanding of the universe. And this science has also given us a revolution in computing power and incredible biomedical innovations to prolong human life. Yet, too many of our citizens still distrust scientists and fail to understand the scientific quest, the trial and error inherent in testing any theory against facts by experimenting.

量子物理学彻底改变了我们对宇宙的理解。它也为我们带来了一场计算能力革命，以及生物医学的惊人创新，延长了人类寿命。但我们还是有太多的国民依然不信任科学家，不理解科学追求和通过实验来检验理论是否成立的试错机制。

utterly /ˈʌt.əl.i/ 表示“完全地，极度地”，英文解释为“completely or extremely”举个🌰：What an utterly stupid thing to do! 多么愚蠢的事情！

inherent /ɪnˈher.ənt/ /ɪnˈhɪə.rənt/ 表示“内在的；固有的，生来就有的”，英文解释为“existing as a natural or basic part of something”举个🌰：There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport. 几乎每种运动本身都带有危险/风险。

We stand on the cusp of another technological revolution in which artificial intelligence will transform how we live and work, and yet we are not yet having the kind of informed civil discourse with its innovators that could help us to make wise policy decisions on its regulation. Our politicians need to listen more to technology innovators like Sam Altman and quantum physicists like Kip Thorne and Michio Kaku.

我们正处于另一场技术革命的风口浪尖，人工智能将改变我们的生活和工作，但我们还没有与它的创造者们展开一种有见地、有修养的对话，从而让我们做出明智的监管决策。我们的政客需要更多地听取萨姆·奥特曼这样的科技创新者，以及基普·索恩和加来道雄等量子物理学家的意见。

cusp /kʌsp/ 表示“分界线”，英文解释为“the dividing line between two very different things”，on the cusp 表示“介于两个状态之间；将要进入特定状态”，英文解释为“If you say that someone or something is on the cusp, you mean they are between two states, or are about to be in a particular state.” 如：on the cusp of adulthood 即将成年。

informed /ɪnˈfɔːmd/ 表示“见多识广的;了解情况的”，英文解释为“having a lot of knowledge or information about something”如：an informed choice/opinion 有根据的选择/观点。

1）表示“论文；演讲”，英文解释为“a long and serious treatment or discussion of a subject in speech or writing”，如：a discourse on issues of gender equality 关于性别平等的论文。

2）表示“语篇；话语；对话；交流”，英文解释为“the use of language in speech and writing in order to produce meaning; language that is studied, usually in order to see how the different parts of a text are connected”。

Oppenheimer was trying desperately to have that kind of conversation about nuclear weapons. He was trying to warn our generals that these are not battlefield weapons, but weapons of pure terror. But our politicians chose to silence him; the result was that we spent the Cold War engaged in a costly and dangerous arms race.

奥本海默曾极力想要发起关于核武器的讨论。他试图警告我们的将军们，核武器不是战场武器，而是纯粹的恐怖武器。但我们的政客选择让他闭嘴；结果就导致我们在“冷战”中被卷入了代价高昂且危险的军备竞赛。

Today, Vladimir Putin’s not-so-veiled threats to deploy tactical nuclear weapons in the war in Ukraine are a stark reminder that we can never be complacent about living with nuclear weapons. Oppenheimer did not regret what he did at Los Alamos; he understood that you cannot stop curious human beings from discovering the physical world around them. One cannot halt the scientific quest, nor can one un-invent the atomic bomb. But Oppenheimer always believed that human beings could learn to regulate these technologies and integrate them into a sustainable and humane civilization. We can only hope he was right.

而今，普京毫不掩饰地威胁要在乌克兰战争中部署战术核武器，这是触目惊心的警醒，要我们绝不能盲目乐观地与核武器共存下去。奥本海默并不后悔他在洛斯阿拉莫斯的所作所为；他明白，谁都无法阻止好奇的人类探索他们周遭的现实世界。科学探索的脚步不会停止，原子弹的问世也不能被撤回。但奥本海默始终相信，人类可以学会管控这些技术，并将之融入到可持续的人道文明之中。我们只能希望他没有看错。

表示“不明言的；含蓄的；掩饰的”，英文解释为“Veiled words or ways of behaving are not direct or expressed clearly.”如：a veiled reference/threat/warning 含蓄的指称/威胁/警告，a thinly veiled threat 几乎不加掩饰的威胁。

1）表示“（对比）明显的，鲜明的”，英文解释为“If two things are in stark contrast to one another, they are very different from each other in a way that is very obvious.”如：stark differences 鲜明的区别，举个🌰：The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks. 这时的好天气和前几个星期的暴风雨形成鲜明的对比。

2）表示“严酷的；赤裸裸的；真实而无法回避的”，英文解释为“unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid”。

complacent /kəmˈpleɪ.sənt/ 表示“自满的，自鸣得意的”，英文解释为“feeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder”如：a complacent smile/attitude 自鸣得意的微笑/态度。

1）表示“使停住；停住”，英文解释为“When a person or a vehicle halts or when something halts them, they stop moving in the direction they were going and stand still.”举个🌰：They halted at a short distance from the house. 他们停在离房子不远处。

2）表示“使完全停止；完全停止”，英文解释为“When something such as growth, development, or activity halts or when you halt it, it stops completely.”举个🌰：Workers halted production at the auto plant yesterday. 昨天，汽车厂的工人完全停止了生产。

🎬电影《危情时速》（Unstoppable）中的台词提到：Emergency responders want to halt all activity near the line 应急响应人员打算停止铁路附近的所有活动。

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