美国蒙大拿州通过法案全面禁止TikTok

近日，美国蒙大拿州（Montana）通过一项关于禁用短视频软件TikTok的法案，该法案将于明年1月1日生效。蒙大拿州成为全美首个彻底禁用TikTok的州。

🤔️小作业：

1. What is one potential consequence for TikTok if it continues to operate in Montana under the new legislation?

A. The app would need to provide user data to the state government.

B. The company could face financial penalties.

C. TikTok would be required to change its ownership.

D. The app's employees in Montana would lose their jobs.

A. They have supported the decision as a measure to protect national security.

B. They have criticized the decision as violating the First Amendment.

C. They have remained neutral and are waiting for further developments.

D. They have proposed alternative measures to address the concerns.

无注释原文：

Montana Governor Signs Total Ban of TikTok in the State

From: The New York Times

The governor of Montana, Greg Gianforte, signed a bill on Wednesday to ban TikTok from operating inside the state, the most extreme prohibition of the app in the nation and one that will almost certainly be challenged in court. The ban will take effect on Jan. 1.

“Today, Montana takes the most decisive action of any state to protect Montanans’ private data and sensitive personal information,” Mr. Gianforte, a Republican, said in a news release.

The Montana Legislature introduced the bill in February, leading to months of debate. The battle over the bill offered a glimpse of what the United States might encounter nationally if lawmakers or the White House attempt a nationwide ban of TikTok, which has been floated in recent months.

TikTok, which says it has 7,000 employees in the United States, has been fighting back in the state for months. It has run ads featuring Montana small businesses that use TikTok and given prewritten emails to users so they could contact Mr. Gianforte about opposing the bill.

The legislation prohibits mobile app stores, like those run by Apple and Google, from offering TikTok within the state. A trade group funded by Apple and Google has said in recent months that it is impossible for the companies to prevent access to TikTok in a single state.

“Governor Gianforte has signed a bill that infringes on the First Amendment rights of the people of Montana by unlawfully banning TikTok, a platform that empowers hundreds of thousands of people across the state,” Brooke Oberwetter, a spokeswoman for TikTok, said in a statement on Wednesday. Montanans, she added, can keep using the app “as we continue working to defend the rights of our users inside and outside of Montana.”

Under the legislation, TikTok could face fines if it continues operating in the state, as could Apple and Google if they allow people to download the app.

Apple and Google didn’t immediately return requests for comment.

They have also expressed concern that the app, which is especially popular with teenagers and people in their 20s, could be used to spread propaganda. Congress grilled Shou Chew, TikTok’s chief executive, for roughly five hours at a March hearing.

The company has proposed a detailed plan for operating in the United States that it says should allay national security concerns and fears of misinformation, but the plan has not yet been approved by the Biden administration, leaving TikTok and its future in limbo.

Free speech groups were quick to respond to the Montana ban. The American Civil Liberties Union said on Wednesday that the legislation “flouts the First Amendment.”

“The government cannot impose a total ban on a communications platform like TikTok unless it is necessary to prevent extremely serious, immediate harm to national security,” the group said in a statement. “But there’s no public evidence of harm that would meet the high bar set by the U.S. and Montana Constitutions, and a total ban would not be the only option for addressing such harm if it did exist.”

The Montana bill says the ban will be void if TikTok is acquired by, or sold to, a company that is not incorporated in a country “designated as a foreign adversary.”

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注：中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

美国蒙大拿州通过法案全面禁止TikTok

Montana Governor Signs Total Ban of TikTok in the State

From: The New York Times

The governor of Montana, Greg Gianforte, signed a bill on Wednesday to ban TikTok from operating inside the state, the most extreme prohibition of the app in the nation and one that will almost certainly be challenged in court. The ban will take effect on Jan. 1.

周三，蒙大拿州州长格雷格‧吉安福特签署了一项法案，禁止TikTok在该州境内运营，这是全美针对该应用颁布的最为严厉的禁令，几乎肯定会在法庭上受到挑战。该禁令将于1月1日生效。

bill 作名词，表示“账单”，或者表示“议案，法案”，英文解释为“a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on”举个🌰：The bill was amended (= changed). 议案被修订了。

熟词僻义，作动词，表示“把…宣传为；做广告；通过广告宣传”，英文解释为“If you bill a person or event as a particular thing, you advertise them in a way that makes people think they have particular qualities or abilities.”举个🌰：The young author was billed as "the new Beckett." 这位年轻作家被吹捧为“新贝克特”。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奢侈品集团思索清空库存方法的文章中提到：Every frock sold by the likes of Gucci or Givenchy is billed as a must-have that season. 古驰或纪梵希之类的品牌把它们的每条裙子都标榜为当季必买。

“Today, Montana takes the most decisive action of any state to protect Montanans’ private data and sensitive personal information,” Mr. Gianforte, a Republican, said in a news release.

“今天，蒙大拿州采取了最为果断的行动，以保护本州民众的私人数据和敏感个人信息，”共和党人吉安福特在新闻发布会上表示。

The Montana Legislature introduced the bill in February, leading to months of debate. The battle over the bill offered a glimpse of what the United States might encounter nationally if lawmakers or the White House attempt a nationwide ban of TikTok, which has been floated in recent months.

蒙大拿州议会于2月提出这项法案，引发了持续数月的争论。围绕该法案的争论一定程度上预示了若国会或白宫试图将TikTok禁令推及全国（近几个月来这个想法不断被提及），整个美国会出现怎样的情况。

表示“立法机构”，英文解释为“the group of people in a country or part of a country who have the power to make and change laws”

glimpse一词在iOS 14来了!文中出现过Apple just offered a glimpse at how the experience of using an iPhone is about to change.

1）表示“一瞥；一见”，英文解释为“an occasion when you see something or someone for a very short time”举个🌰：He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd. 他一眼瞥见她在人群里。

2）表示“短暂的感受（或领会/体验）”，英文解释为“a quick idea or understanding of what something is like”举个🌰：This biography offers a few glimpses of his life before he became famous. 这部传记展示了他成名前的一些生活情况。

📺英剧《神探夏洛克》（Sherlock）第一季中的台词提到：I've given you a glimpse, Sherlock, just a teensy glimpse. 我给过你暗示 夏洛克 一点点提示/只字片语。

1）表示“遭遇”，英文解释为“If you encounter problems or difficulties, you experience them.”举个🌰：Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another. 生活中的每一天，我们会遇到或大或小的这样那样的压力。

2）表示“偶然相遇，邂逅，不期而遇”，英文解释为“If you encounter someone, you meet them, usually unexpectedly. ”举个🌰：Did you encounter anyone in the building? 你在那栋大楼里偶然遇到什么人了吗？

作名词，表示“彩车，花车”，英文解释为“a large vehicle with a flat surface that is decorated and used in festivals”如：carnival floats 狂欢节彩车。

1）作动词，表示“漂浮”，英文解释为“to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink”举个🌰：An empty bottle will float. 空瓶子能浮起来。

2）表示“（使）漂流；（使）浮动；（使）飘动；（使）飘移”，英文解释为“to (cause to) move easily through, or along the surface of a liquid, or to (cause to) move easily through air”举个🌰：We spent a lazy afternoon floating down/along the river. 我们沿河漂流而下，懒洋洋的度过了一个下午。

3）熟词僻义，表示“提出，提请考虑（想法或计划）”，英文解释为“to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider”举个🌰：They floated the idea of increased taxes on alcohol. 他们建议提高酒税。

🎬电影《阿罗哈》（Aloha）中的台词提到：And frankly, just floating the idea of you and me as a couple... 坦白讲 只要随便想想如果我们成了一对的话...

📍2020年，侃爷宣布竞选美国总统文中卫报（The Guardian）也用了这个词：Indeed, the rapper has floated the idea of running for president before. 事实上，这位说唱歌手之前就提出过竞选总统的想法。

TikTok, which says it has 7,000 employees in the United States, has been fighting back in the state for months. It has run ads featuring Montana small businesses that use TikTok and given prewritten emails to users so they could contact Mr. Gianforte about opposing the bill.

宣称在美拥有7000名员工的TikTok数月以来一直在蒙大拿州进行反击。该公司投放了主打该州小商户使用TikTok的广告，并向用户发送预先编写的邮件，让他们联系吉安福特，表达对该法案的反对。

The legislation prohibits mobile app stores, like those run by Apple and Google, from offering TikTok within the state. A trade group funded by Apple and Google has said in recent months that it is impossible for the companies to prevent access to TikTok in a single state.

这项立法禁止苹果和谷歌等企业运营的移动应用商店在该州上架TikTok。一个由苹果和谷歌资助的行业组织前不久表示，两家公司做不到单独阻止某一个州的用户对TikTok的访问。

“Governor Gianforte has signed a bill that infringes on the First Amendment rights of the people of Montana by unlawfully banning TikTok, a platform that empowers hundreds of thousands of people across the state,” Brooke Oberwetter, a spokeswoman for TikTok, said in a statement on Wednesday. Montanans, she added, can keep using the app “as we continue working to defend the rights of our users inside and outside of Montana.”

“吉安福特州长签署的法案对TikTok进行了不正当封禁，侵犯了蒙大拿州民众的第一修正案权利，TikTok是一个为该州数以十万计民众赋权的平台，”TikTok发言人布鲁克·奥伯维特周三在一份声明中表示。她还说，“在我们继续努力捍卫蒙大拿州内外用户权利的同时，”该州民众可以继续使用TikTok。

infringe /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/ 表示“违反，违背（规定、法律等）”，英文解释为“to break a rule, law, etc.”举个🌰：They infringed building regulations. 他们违反了建筑规章。

表示“修正案”，英文解释为“An amendment is a section that is added to a law or rule in order to change it.”

empower /ɪmˈpaʊər/ 表示“给（某人）做…的权力；授权；使自主；增加（某人的）自主权；使控制局势”，英文解释为“to give someone official authority or the freedom to do something”举个🌰：This amendment empowers the president to declare an emergency for a wide range of reasons. 这一修正案授权总统可在一系列情形下宣布进入紧急状态。

empowered /ɪmˈpaʊ.əd/ 形容词，表示“自信的，可掌控自己命运的”，英文解释为“confident and in control of your life”举个🌰：It's important that girls feel empowered and in control of what happens to them. 重要的是，女孩子要感到自己有能力并能控制自己的命运。

1）表示“保护，防卫；为…辩护”，英文解释为“to protect someone or something against attack or criticism; to speak in favour of someone or something”举个🌰：They are fighting to defend their beliefs/interests/rights. 他们在为捍卫自己的信仰/利益/权利而战。

2）表示“（在法庭上）为…辩护，当…的辩护律师”，英文解释为“to act as a lawyer for someone who has been accused of something in a court of law and try to prove that they are not guilty”举个🌰：I can't afford a lawyer, so I shall defend myself (= argue my own case in a court of law). 我请不起律师，所以我将在法庭上自辩。

3）表示“（运动比赛中）卫冕；蝉联冠军”，英文解释为“to compete in a sports competition that you won before and try to win it again”举个🌰：He will defend his 1,500 metre title this weekend. 他会在周末1500米比赛中争取卫冕。

4）表示“（在体育比赛中）防守，防卫”，英文解释为“to try to prevent the opposing player or players from scoring points, goals, etc. in a sport”举个🌰：In the last ten minutes of the game, we needed to defend. 我们得在比赛的最后十分钟内进行防守。

Under the legislation, TikTok could face fines if it continues operating in the state, as could Apple and Google if they allow people to download the app.

按照该立法规定，如果TikTok继续在该州运营，如果苹果和谷歌还允许用户下载该应用，它们都可能面临罚款。

Apple and Google didn’t immediately return requests for comment.

苹果和谷歌没有立即回复置评请求。

They have also expressed concern that the app, which is especially popular with teenagers and people in their 20s, could be used to spread propaganda. Congress grilled Shou Chew, TikTok’s chief executive, for roughly five hours at a March hearing.

他们还对该应用可能被用来散播政治宣传表示担忧，TikTok在青少年和20多岁人群中特别受欢迎。在今年3月的一场听证会上，国会对TikTok首席执行官周受资进行了大约五个小时的轮番质询。

propaganda /ˌprɑː.pəˈɡæn.də/ 表示“宣传；鼓吹”，英文解释为“information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread with the intention of influencing people's opinions”

表示“（在火焰或是烧热的煤上）烧烤的（食物）”，英文解释为“(of food) cooked over fire or hot coals, usually on a metal frame”如：grilled shrimp 烤虾。

grill /ɡrɪl/ 作动词，1）表示“（将食物置于烤箱中温度极高的炙烤架下）烧烤，烤制”，英文解释为“to cook something under a very hot surface in a cooker”举个🌰：I'll grill the bacon rather than fry it. 我会炙烤培根，而不是油煎。

2）表示“盘问，审问”，英文解释为“to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time”举个🌰：Her parents would grill her about where she'd been. 她父母会盘问她到哪儿去了。

The company has proposed a detailed plan for operating in the United States that it says should allay national security concerns and fears of misinformation, but the plan has not yet been approved by the Biden administration, leaving TikTok and its future in limbo.

TikTok公司拿出了一份在美运营的详细方案，称其能缓解关于国家安全和错误信息问题的担忧，但该方案尚未得到拜登政府批准，这也让TikTok及其未来境况堪忧。

allay /əˈleɪ/ 表示“减轻，缓解（担忧、恐惧等）”，英文解释为“If you allay a strong emotion felt by someone, such as fear or worry, you cause them to feel it less or to feel calm again.”如：allay (sb’s) fear/concern/suspicion  减轻（某人的）恐惧/担忧/疑虑等，举个🌰：She is trying to allay public fears/concern about the spread of the disease. 她正努力消除公众对疾病蔓延的恐惧/担心。

limbo /ˈlɪm.bəʊ/ 表示“悬而未决；停滞不前”，英文解释为“an uncertain situation that you cannot control and in which there is no progress or improvement”举个🌰：Until we have official permission to go ahead with the plans we're in limbo. 在该计划得到正式批准之前，我们一直处于停滞状态。

Free speech groups were quick to respond to the Montana ban. The American Civil Liberties Union said on Wednesday that the legislation “flouts the First Amendment.”

言论自由倡导组织迅速对蒙大拿州的禁令做出回应。美国公民自由联盟周三表示，该立法“是对第一修正案的践踏”。

flout /flaʊt/ 表示“公然藐视，无视，违背（规定、法律或习俗）”，英文解释为“to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom”举个🌰：Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets. 许多骑摩托车的人无视法律，不戴头盔。

“The government cannot impose a total ban on a communications platform like TikTok unless it is necessary to prevent extremely serious, immediate harm to national security,” the group said in a statement. “But there’s no public evidence of harm that would meet the high bar set by the U.S. and Montana Constitutions, and a total ban would not be the only option for addressing such harm if it did exist.”

“不能对TikTok这样的通讯平台进行彻底封杀，除非有必要防止对国家安全遭受极其严重和直接的危害，”该组织在声明中表示。“但没有公开证据表明危害程度已经达到美国和蒙大拿州宪法所设定的高水平，即便这种危害确实存在，彻底封杀也并非解决问题的唯一办法。”

1）表示“推行；强制实行”，英文解释为“to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received”举个🌰：Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes. 最近对香烟开征很高的税。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析拜登贸易政策的文章中提到：The other matter is what Mr Biden will do with the tariffs imposed by Mr Trump. 另一件事是拜登将如何处理特朗普实施的关税。

2）表示“把（尤指信仰或生活方式）强加于”，英文解释为“to force someone to accept something, especially a belief or way of living”举个🌰：I don't want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children. 我不希望他们把自己的宗教信仰强加给我的孩子们。

3）表示“勉强；打扰，麻烦”，英文解释为“to expect someone to do something for you or spend time with you when they do not want to or when it is not convenient for them”举个🌰：She's always imposing on people - asking favours and getting everyone to do things for her. 她总是强人所难——要人帮忙做这做那。

constitution /ˌkɒn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ 1）表示“宪法；章程”，英文解释为“the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs”举个🌰：Britain has no written constitution. 英国没有成文宪法。

2）表示“组成；构成；结构；构造”，英文解释为“how something is made up of different parts”如：the constitution of a chemical compound 化合物的结构。

3）熟词僻义，表示“体质，体格”，英文解释为“the general state of someone's health”举个🌰：He has a very strong constitution. 他体格很强壮。

The Montana bill says the ban will be void if TikTok is acquired by, or sold to, a company that is not incorporated in a country “designated as a foreign adversary.”

蒙大拿州的法案规定，如果TikTok被一家不在“被定为外部敌对势力”的国家注册的公司收购，该禁令就会失效。

void /vɔɪd/ 表示“不合法的；无效的”，英文解释为“having no legal authority and therefore unacceptable”举个🌰：The lawyers declared the contract (null and) void. 律师宣布这份合同无效。

acquire作动词，表示“取得，获得；购得；学到；收购”，英文解释为“to get something”举个🌰：He acquired the firm in 2023. 他于2023年收购了这家公司。

designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ 1）表示“命名；指定，划定（特征、用途）”，英文解释为“When you designate someone or something as a particular thing, you formally give them that description or name.”举个🌰：There are efforts under way to designate the bridge (as) a historic landmark. 人们在努力把这座桥定为历史地标。

2）表示“指定，选定；委派”，英文解释为“When you designate someone as something, you formally choose them to do that particular job.”举个🌰：Designate someone as the spokesperson. 指派某人为发言人。

📍designated作形容词，表示“指定的；特指的，划定的”。

📍类似的有个词dedicated，表示“专用的，专门的”（designed to be used for one particular purpose）举个🌰：Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes. 这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。

adversary /ˈædvəsərɪ/ 表示“对手，敌手”，英文解释为“Your adversary is someone you are competing with, or arguing or fighting against.”

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