苹果CEO库克在中国发展高层论坛演讲受到热烈欢迎

近日，苹果公司首席执行官库克在中国发展高层论坛上发表了乐观的讲话，受到热烈欢迎。

🤔️小作业：

1. grandstanding是什么意思？

2. fallout是什么意思？

3. What were some of the topics discussed at the China Development Forum?

无注释原文：

Apple's Tim Cook Takes Stage in China to Welcoming Applause

From: The Wall Street Journal

Apple Inc.'s Tim Cook took the stage Saturday at an economic conference in Beijing sponsored by the Chinese government, giving an upbeat talk that was welcomed with applause. 

The treatment his counterpart at TikTok received days earlier in Washington couldn't have been more different: hours of questioning by lawmakers over the short-video platform's links to Beijing.

Mr. Cook, making his first known visit to China since the pandemic began, spoke for about half an hour in an exchange with a former official of the forum's organizer from a TED Talk-style stage set up in Beijing's historical Diaoyutai State Guesthouse.

“I am thrilled to be back in China,” the chief executive told the China Development Forum, hosted by a research center of the State Council. “It means the world to me and I feel really privileged to be here.”

Mr. Cook spoke about how Apple and China have grown together over the three decades since the company entered the country—which it has relied on both as a manufacturing hub as well as a rapidly growing consumer market. “This has been a symbiotic kind of relationship that we have both enjoyed,” he said. 

Like Mr. Cook, TikTok's Shou Zi Chew runs one of the world's most high-profile tech services. TikTok is owned by Beijing-based ByteDance Ltd. That puts it at the center of the growing strategic rivalry between Washington and Beijing, with bilateral relations at their lowest point in decades.

During a House hearing that ran for more than five hours on Thursday, Mr. Chew—a Singaporean national—was subject to withering attacks on TikTok as he tried to make his case that the company would earn lawmakers' trust. 

In a rare bipartisan display, Democrats and Republicans repeatedly questioned him over similar issues, at times not allowing him to finish sentences. TikTok later said that political grandstanding had dominated the hearing. 

Apple didn't immediately respond when asked why it was important that Mr. Cook attended the Chinese-government sponsored conference at a time when U.S.-China tensions are on the rise. In 2017, Mr. Cook said it was important not to be a bystander in China if you want to achieve change. This is his fifth time attending the annual forum.

Mr. Cook is among the dozens of American and other foreign executives attending, or set to attend, the three-day conference that started Saturday.

For U.S. business leaders, the risk of potential fallout from being seen hobnobbing in Beijing is high, given how senior American government officials have held off from visiting China.

In some of the sessions Saturday, the geopolitical tensions loomed as the elephant in the room.

Qualcomm Inc. CEO Cristiano Amon focused his talk on the digital transformation and 5G, and their potential to boost businesses and productivity in society as a whole.

In a session on rebuilding supply chains, multinational businesses were represented by top executives from Australian and German companies.

In other sessions, senior advisers to the Chinese government largely stuck to topics deemed by Beijing as essential to the country's economic future, including carbon neutrality, technology innovation and healthcare.

Still, some ventured further, pointing to high inflation and the banking crisis as two risks to the global economy emanating from the U.S. At the same time, they touted Beijing's ability to manage its debt and economic headwinds.

“Some developed countries sharply tightened their monetary policies, which brought spillover effects such as bank bankruptcy, foreign debt difficulties, and financial market turmoil,” said Han Wenxiu, a deputy head of the General Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission.

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注：中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

苹果CEO库克在中国发展高层论坛演讲受到热烈欢迎

Apple's Tim Cook Takes Stage in China to Welcoming Applause

From: The Wall Street Journal

Apple Inc.'s Tim Cook took the stage Saturday at an economic conference in Beijing sponsored by the Chinese government, giving an upbeat talk that was welcomed with applause. 

上周六在中国政府于北京主办的一场经济会议上，苹果公司(Apple Inc.)首席执行官蒂姆·库克(Tim Cook)登台发表了乐观的讲话，受到热烈欢迎。

表示“登台（表演）”，英文解释为“to go onto the stage and start to perform”

表示“乐观的；快乐的；积极向上的”，英文解释为“positive and enthusiastic; making you feel that the future will be good”举个🌰：

The tone of the speech was upbeat. 这次讲话的语气颇为乐观。

🎬电影《新娘靠边闪》（27 Dresses）中的台词提到：Our advertisers want fun, upbeat, colorful human-interest stories... 广告商要生动有趣的故事。

The treatment his counterpart at TikTok received days earlier in Washington couldn't have been more different: hours of questioning by lawmakers over the short-video platform's links to Beijing.

几天前，TikTok首席执行官周受资在华盛顿受到了截然不同的待遇：针对这个短视频平台与中国政府的联系，美国议员对周受资进行了长达数小时的诘问。

counterpart一词经常出现，counter-表示“相反的；对立的；相应的”（opposite; against; in return; corresponding），和part一起就是“对立的，相应的事物”，从而表示“职位相当的人；作用相当的事物”，英文解释为“Somene's or something's counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.”

Mr. Cook, making his first known visit to China since the pandemic began, spoke for about half an hour in an exchange with a former official of the forum's organizer from a TED Talk-style stage set up in Beijing's historical Diaoyutai State Guesthouse.

在北京历史悠久的钓鱼台国宾馆，库克在TED演讲式的舞台上与该论坛承办方一名前官员进行了约半小时的交流。此行是他自新冠疫情暴发以来首次已知的访华行程。

韦氏词典2020年度词汇：Pandemic. 韦氏词典官方给出的释义为：an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affects a significant proportion of the population. 指的是疾病的爆发，所发生的地域广阔（如多个国家或大洲），通常影响很大一部分人口。

1）作名词，表示“（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病”，英文解释为“a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world”；在新冠肺炎相关语境下，可以直接译成新冠疫情。

2）作形容词，表示“（疾病）大规模流行的，广泛蔓延的”，英文解释为“(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants”举个🌰：

In some parts of the world malaria is still pandemic.在世界上一些地区疟疾仍在大规模流行。

对比：

📍epidemic表示“流行病”，英文解释为“a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community”，如：the outbreak of a flu epidemic 流感的爆发。

guesthouse /ˈɡest.haʊs/ 1）表示“客房（大型私人住宅边留给客人用的小屋子）”，英文解释为“a small house near a larger one, where guests who are invited to the larger house can stay”

2）表示“小客栈，廉价客店”，英文解释为“a small, cheap hotel”

“I am thrilled to be back in China,” the chief executive told the China Development Forum, hosted by a research center of the State Council. “It means the world to me and I feel really privileged to be here.”

在国务院下属一个研究中心主办的中国发展高层论坛(China Development Forum)上，库克表示：“我很高兴再次来到中国。这对我来说意义极其重大，我感到非常荣幸。”

表示“享有特权的；特许的；受特别优待的”，英文解释为“having a privilege”举个🌰：

She enjoys a very privileged status. 她享有特权地位。

Mr. Cook spoke about how Apple and China have grown together over the three decades since the company entered the country—which it has relied on both as a manufacturing hub as well as a rapidly growing consumer market. “This has been a symbiotic kind of relationship that we have both enjoyed,” he said. 

库克谈到了自苹果公司进入中国以来的30年里，该公司和中国如何共同成长。苹果公司依赖中国，对于该公司而言，中国既是一个制造中心，也是快速增长的消费市场。他说：“这是我们双方都乐见其成的一种共生关系。”

symbiotic /ˌsɪm.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ 表示“（动植物）共生的”，英文解释为“involving two types of animal or plant in which each provides the conditions necessary for the other to continue to exist”如：a symbiotic relationship 共生关系。

Like Mr. Cook, TikTok's Shou Zi Chew runs one of the world's most high-profile tech services. TikTok is owned by Beijing-based ByteDance Ltd. That puts it at the center of the growing strategic rivalry between Washington and Beijing, with bilateral relations at their lowest point in decades.

与库克一样，TikTok的周受资也经营着世界上最引人注目的技术服务平台之一。TikTok的母公司是总部设在北京的字节跳动(ByteDance Ltd.)，这使其处于美中之间日益激烈的战略性较量的中心；眼下美中两国关系处于几十年来的最低点。

rivalry /ˈraɪvəlrɪ/ 表示“竞争；竞赛；较量”，英文解释为“a state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the same thing”举个🌰：

There is a certain amount of friendly rivalry between the teams. 两队间有某种程度上的友好较量。

bilateral /ˌbaɪˈlæt.ər.əl/ 表示“双边的，双方的”，英文解释为“involving two groups or countries”举个🌰：

They have signed a bilateral agreement to help prevent drug smuggling. 他们已经签署了一项双边协定以防止毒品走私。

During a House hearing that ran for more than five hours on Thursday, Mr. Chew—a Singaporean national—was subject to withering attacks on TikTok as he tried to make his case that the company would earn lawmakers' trust. 

在上周四一场长达五个多小时的美国众议院听证会上，新加坡籍的周受资受到了对TikTok的尖锐抨击；当时他努力向议员们保证，TikTok将赢得他们的信任。

withering /ˈwɪð.ər.ɪŋ/ 1）表示“（目光、话语等）令人难堪的，尖刻的”，英文解释为“A withering look, remark, etc. is one that is intended to make someone feel ashamed.”

2）表示“严厉的；极为挑剔的”，英文解释为“severe and extremely critical”举个🌰：

He made a withering attack on the policy. 他严厉地抨击了该政策。

In a rare bipartisan display, Democrats and Republicans repeatedly questioned him over similar issues, at times not allowing him to finish sentences. TikTok later said that political grandstanding had dominated the hearing. 

在这次罕见的两党联合攻势中，民主党人和共和党人就类似的问题反复质询周受资，有时甚至不容他把话说完。TikTok后来表示，这次听证会被充满政治动机的哗众取宠所主导。

表示“为两党派所支持的；包括两个党派的”，英文解释为“supported by or consisting of two political parties”。

grandstanding /ˈɡrænˌstæn.dɪŋ/ 表示“（言行的）哗众取宠，炫耀卖弄”，英文解释为“acting or speaking in a way intended to attract the good opinion of other people who are watching”

表示“占支配地位；占主导地位；拥有优势；最明显的”，英文解释为“To dominate a situation means to be the most powerful or important person or thing in it.”举个🌰：

The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists. 这本书预期将居畅销书榜首。

Apple didn't immediately respond when asked why it was important that Mr. Cook attended the Chinese-government sponsored conference at a time when U.S.-China tensions are on the rise. In 2017, Mr. Cook said it was important not to be a bystander in China if you want to achieve change. This is his fifth time attending the annual forum.

当被问及为何库克在美中紧张关系加剧之际参加这次中国政府主办的会议很重要时，苹果公司未立即回应。库克2017年曾表示，如果想要实现变革，在中国就不要做旁观者，这很重要。这是库克第五次参加中国发展高层论坛。

表示“旁观者；看热闹的人”，英文解释为“a person who is standing near and watching something that is happening but is not taking part in it”。

Mr. Cook is among the dozens of American and other foreign executives attending, or set to attend, the three-day conference that started Saturday.

此次为期三天的会议于上周六开幕，有几十位美国和其他国家高管参会或准备参会，库克是其中之一。

For U.S. business leaders, the risk of potential fallout from being seen hobnobbing in Beijing is high, given how senior American government officials have held off from visiting China.

鉴于美国政府高级官员已长久未访华，对美国商界领袖来说，如果外界认为他们与中国政府过从甚密，则很可能招致潜在的后果。

表示“不良影响，恶果”，英文解释为“the unpleasant results or effects of an action or event”举个🌰：

The fallout of the revelations has been immense. 这些被曝光事件产生的负面影响是巨大的。

hobnob /ˈhɒb.nɒb/ 表示“（与要人或名人）亲近，过从甚密”，英文解释为“to spend time being friendly with someone who is important or famous”举个🌰：

She often has her picture in the papers, hobnobbing with the rich and famous. 报纸上经常刊载她与富贾名流过从甚密的照片。

In some of the sessions Saturday, the geopolitical tensions loomed as the elephant in the room.

在上周六该论坛的一些会议上，与会者对明摆着的地缘政治紧张局势避而不谈。

1）表示“（令人惊恐地）隐约显现；赫然耸现”，英文解释为“to appear as a large, often frightening or unclear shape or object”举个🌰：

Dark storm clouds loomed on the horizon. 天边隐约出现了一团团的乌云。

2）表示“（不希望或不愉快的事情）阴森地逼近”，英文解释为“If a worrying or threatening situation or event is looming, it seems likely to happen soon.”举个🌰：

The threat of renewed civil war looms ahead. 新一轮内战的威胁在逼近。

表示“（人们不愿提及的）棘手问题”，英文解释为“If you say there is an elephant in the room, you mean that there is an obvious problem or difficult situation that people do not want to talk about.”

Qualcomm Inc. CEO Cristiano Amon focused his talk on the digital transformation and 5G, and their potential to boost businesses and productivity in society as a whole.

高通公司(Qualcomm Inc.)首席执行官安蒙(Cristiano Amon)的演讲重点是数字转型和5G，及其提升商业和整个社会生产力的潜力。

In a session on rebuilding supply chains, multinational businesses were represented by top executives from Australian and German companies.

在关于重建供应链的会议上，跨国企业的代表是澳大利亚和德国公司的高管。

In other sessions, senior advisers to the Chinese government largely stuck to topics deemed by Beijing as essential to the country's economic future, including carbon neutrality, technology innovation and healthcare.

在该论坛的其他座谈会上，中国政府的高级顾问基本上局限于讨论中央政府认为对国内经济未来至关重要的话题，比如碳中和、技术创新和医疗健康。

表示“认为; 相信”，英文解释为“If something is deemed to have a particular quality or to do a particular thing, it is considered to have that quality or do that thing.”举个🌰：

He says he would support the use of force if the UN deemed it necessary. 他说如果联合国认为有必要，他就支持动用武力。

neutrality /njuːˈtræl.ə.ti/ 表示“中立；中立状态”，英文解释为“the state of not supporting either side in a disagreement, competition or war”。

Still, some ventured further, pointing to high inflation and the banking crisis as two risks to the global economy emanating from the U.S. At the same time, they touted Beijing's ability to manage its debt and economic headwinds.

不过，一些人还是进一步指出，源自美国的高通胀和银行业危机是全球经济面临的两个风险。与此同时，他们还称赞了中国政府管理债务和经济不利因素的能力。

1）作名词，表示“（尤指有风险的）企业，商业，投机活动，经营项目”，英文解释为“a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks”举个🌰：

A disastrous business venture lost him thousands of dollars. 一个彻底失败的经营项目使他损失严重。

2）作动词，表示“敢于去；冒险去（或做）；冒昧地说”，英文解释为“to risk going somewhere or doing something that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk saying something that might be criticized”举个🌰：

As we set off into the forest, we felt as though we were venturing (forth) into the unknown. 当我们动身进入那片森林时，感觉自己似乎正在冒险进入一个未知的世界。

📺美剧《复仇》（Revenge）中的台词提到：This is brave new territory we're venturing into here. 这是我们华丽冒险的新地域。

📺美剧《宋飞正传》（Seinfeld）中的台词提到：You realize you're venturing into uncharted waters? 你意识到你在冒险进入未知水域吗？

表示“通货膨胀”，英文解释为“a general, continuous increase in prices”如：high/low inflation 高/低通货膨胀。

emanate /ˈem.ə.neɪt/ 表示“表现；显示”，英文解释为“to express a quality or feeling through the way that you look and behave”举个🌰：

Her face emanated sadness. 她脸上露出伤心的表情。

emanate from/through sth/sb 表示“来自…；发源于…；产生于…”，英文解释为“to come out of or be produced by something or someone”举个🌰：

Angry voices emanated from the room. 房间里传出愤怒的声音。

表示“标榜；吹捧；吹嘘”，英文解释为“to try to persuade people that sb/sth is important or valuable by praising them/it”举个🌰：

A local car dealership was touting its services/wares on the radio. 一家地方汽车特许经销商正在当地电台作宣传。

🎬电影《大谎言家》（Big Fat Liar）中的台词提到：Big Fat Liar is already being touted as next summer's must-see movie event. 《大谎言家》已被誉为明年夏天必看的电影。

“Some developed countries sharply tightened their monetary policies, which brought spillover effects such as bank bankruptcy, foreign debt difficulties, and financial market turmoil,” said Han Wenxiu, a deputy head of the General Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission. 

中央财经委员会办公室副主任韩文秀说，一些发达国家大幅收紧货币政策，带来了银行破产、外债困境和金融市场动荡等外溢影响。

spillover /ˈspɪlˌəʊ.vər/ 1）表示“（液体）溢出部分，溢出量”，英文解释为“an amount of liquid that has become too much for the object that contains it and flows or spreads out”

2）表示“（非预期的）影响”，英文解释为“the effects of an activity that have spread further than was originally intended”举个🌰：

We are now witnessing a spillover of the war into neighbouring regions.

我们现在亲眼看到战争影响到周边地区。

turmoil /ˈtɜːmɔɪl/ 表示“混乱；骚乱；动乱”，英文解释为“Turmoil is a state of confusion, disorder, uncertainty, or great anxiety.”举个🌰：

She lived through the turmoil of the French Revolution. 她经历过法国大革命的混乱之后仍旧活着。

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