AI可判断初次约会是否成功？

近日，美国辛辛那提大学（University of Cincinnati）的研究人员通过可穿戴设备采集人的呼吸、心率等数据，训练模型来识别不同的对话场景，判断对话过程中双方的兴趣度、参与度以及是否意趣相投。

🤔️小作业：

1. 标题的smash or pass是什么意思？

2. 什么是physiological synchrony?

3. into是什么意思？

无注释原文：

Smash or pass? This computer can tell

From: Science Daily

Could an app tell if a first date is just not that into you?

Engineers at the University of Cincinnati say the technology might not be far off. They trained a computer -- using data from wearable technology that measures respiration, heart rates and perspiration -- to identify the type of conversation two people were having based on their physiological responses alone.

Researchers studied a phenomenon in which people's heart rates, respiration and other autonomic nervous system responses become synchronized when they talk or collaborate. Known as physiological synchrony, this effect is stronger when two people engage deeply in a conversation or cooperate closely on a task.

"Physiological synchrony shows up even when people are talking over Zoom," said study co-author Vesna Novak, an associate professor of electrical engineering in UC's College of Engineering and Applied Science.

In experiments with human participants, the computer was able to differentiate four different conversation scenarios with as much as 75% accuracy. The study is one of the first of its kind to train artificial intelligence how to recognize aspects of a conversation based on the participants' physiology alone.

The study was published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

Lead author and UC doctoral student Iman Chatterjee said a computer could give you honest feedback about your date -- or yourself.

"The computer could tell if you're a bore," Chatterjee said. "A modified version of our system could measure the level of interest a person is taking in the conversation, how compatible the two of you are and how engaged the other person is in the conversation."

Chatterjee said physiological synchrony is likely an evolutionary adaptation. Humans evolved to share and collaborate with each other, which manifests even at a subconscious level, he said.

"It is certainly no coincidence," he said. "We only notice physiological synchrony when we measure it, but it probably creates a better level of coordination."

Studies have shown that physiological synchrony can predict how well two people will work together to accomplish a task. The degree of synchrony also correlates with how much empathy a patient perceives in a therapist or the level of engagement students feel with their teachers.

"You could probably use our system to determine which people in an organization work better together in a group and which are naturally antagonistic," Chatterjee said.

This aspect of affective computing holds huge potential for providing real-time feedback for educators, therapists or even autistic people, Novak said.

"There are a lot of potential applications in this space. We've seen it pitched to look for implicit bias. You might not even be aware of these biases," Novak said.

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注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Smash or pass? This computer can tell

From: Science Daily

Could an app tell if a first date is just not that into you?

App能否判断你第一次约会的对象对你是否感兴趣？

into /ˈɪn.tuː/ 表示“极喜欢，对…很有兴趣”，英文解释为“enthusiastic about or interested in”举个🌰：

He's really into learning English. 他非常喜欢学英语。

Engineers at the University of Cincinnati say the technology might not be far off. They trained a computer -- using data from wearable technology that measures respiration, heart rates and perspiration -- to identify the type of conversation two people were having based on their physiological responses alone.

辛辛那提大学（University of Cincinnati）的工程师表示，这项技术可能离我们不远了。他们使用可穿戴技术测量呼吸、心率和汗液等数据，训练了一台计算机，仅根据两个人的生理反应来识别他们正在进行的对话类型。

far-off /ˌfɑːˈrɒf/ 表示“（地方）远的，遥远的”，英文解释为“A far-off place is a great distance away.”如：a far-off land 一片遥远的土地；也可以表示“（时间）遥远的，久远的”，英文解释为“A time that is far-off, is a long time before or after the present.”如：some point in the far-off future 遥远未来的某个时刻。

respiration /ˌres.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən/ 表示“呼吸”，英文解释为“breathing”举个🌰：

Her respiration was slow and difficult. 她呼吸缓慢、吃力。

perspiration /ˌpɜː.spərˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“汗”，英文解释为“polite word for sweat (= a clear liquid passed through the skin)”举个🌰：

During the break between games, she had a drink of water and wiped the perspiration off her face and arms with a towel. 在比赛休息时间，她喝了些水，并用毛巾擦掉脸上和胳膊上的汗水。

physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“生理学的”，英文解释为“relating to the way in which the bodies of living things work”举个🌰：

Touching causes a physiological reaction. 触摸引起生理反应。

Researchers studied a phenomenon in which people's heart rates, respiration and other autonomic nervous system responses become synchronized when they talk or collaborate. Known as physiological synchrony, this effect is stronger when two people engage deeply in a conversation or cooperate closely on a task.

研究人员研究了一种现象，即当人们交谈或合作时，他们的心率、呼吸和其他自主神经系统反应会变同步。这种称为生理同步的效应在两个人深入交谈或紧密合作时更加强烈。

autonomic nervous system /ˌɔː.tə.nɒm.ɪk ˈnɜː.vəs ˌsɪs.təm/ 表示“自主神经系统”，英文解释为“the part of the nervous system that controls automatic processes such as breathing, digestion, and the beating of the heart”

synchronize /ˈsɪŋ.krə.naɪz/ 表示“（使）同步，（使）同时发生”，英文解释为“to (cause to) happen at the same time”举个🌰：

The show was designed so that the lights synchronized with the music. 根据设计，演出的灯光和音乐是同步的。

synchrony /ˈsɪŋ.krə.ni/ 表示“同步，同步性”，英文解释为“the way in which two or more things happen, develop, move, etc. at the same time or speed”举个🌰：

Natural-gas prices tend to move in synchrony with oil prices. 天然气价格往往与石油价格同步。

"Physiological synchrony shows up even when people are talking over Zoom," said study co-author Vesna Novak, an associate professor of electrical engineering in UC's College of Engineering and Applied Science.

“即使人们通过Zoom在线交流，生理同步效应也会出现，”该研究的共同作者、辛辛那提大学工程和应用科学学院电气工程副教授维斯纳·诺瓦克（Vesna Novak）表示。

In experiments with human participants, the computer was able to differentiate four different conversation scenarios with as much as 75% accuracy. The study is one of the first of its kind to train artificial intelligence how to recognize aspects of a conversation based on the participants' physiology alone.

在对人类参与者进行的实验中，计算机能够区分四种不同的对话场景，准确率高达75%。这项研究是首次训练AI仅基于参与者的生理数据来识别的对话场景的研究之一。

scenario /sɪˈnɑːrɪˌəʊ/表示“场景；设想；可能的情况；可能发生的事态”，英文解释为“If you talk about a likely or possible scenario, you are talking about the way in which a situation may develop.”举个🌰：

There are several possible scenarios. 有几种可能出现的局面。

The study was published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

该研究发表在《IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing》杂志上。

affective /əˈfek.tɪv/ 表示“感情的，情感的”，英文解释为“connected with the emotions”举个🌰：

He has no affective ties to his family. 他对自己的家庭没有感情。

Lead author and UC doctoral student Iman Chatterjee said a computer could give you honest feedback about your date -- or yourself.

第一作者、加州大学博士生伊曼·查特吉（Iman Chatterjee）说，计算机能够为你提供关于你约会对象--或你自己的真实反馈。

"The computer could tell if you're a bore," Chatterjee said. "A modified version of our system could measure the level of interest a person is taking in the conversation, how compatible the two of you are and how engaged the other person is in the conversation."

“计算机可以判断你是否无聊，”查特吉说。“我们系统的改进版可以测量一个人对谈话的兴趣程度、你们两个人是否意趣相投，以及对方对谈话的参与程度。”

表示“（稍作）修改，更改，改造，改变”，英文解释为“to change something such as a plan, opinion, law, or way of behaviour slightly, usually to improve it or make it more acceptable”举个🌰：

The proposals were unpopular and were only accepted in a modified form. 这些建议不受欢迎，修改之后才得以接受。

compatible /kəmˈpætəbəl/ 1）表示“可共存的；协调的；兼容的”，英文解释为“able to exist, live together, or work successfully with something or someone else”举个🌰：

It was when we started living together that we found we just weren't compatible. 等到开始生活在一起时，才发现我们根本合不来。

2）表示“（因志趣等相投而）关系好的，和睦相处的”，英文解释为“if two people are compatible , they can have a good relationship because they have similar ideas, interests, etc.”

Chatterjee said physiological synchrony is likely an evolutionary adaptation. Humans evolved to share and collaborate with each other, which manifests even at a subconscious level, he said.

查特吉说，生理同步可能是一种进化适应性。他说，人类进化为相互分享和共同合作，这甚至表现在潜意识层面上。

manifest /ˈmæn.ɪ.fest/ 表示“显示；表现；表明”，英文解释为“to show something clearly, through signs or actions”举个🌰：

The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains. 这种疾病最初表现为严重的胃痛。

subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/ 表示“潜意识，下意识”，英文解释为“the part of your mind that notices and remembers information when you are not actively trying to do so, and influences your behaviour even though you do not realize it”举个🌰：

The memory was buried deep within my subconscious. 那段记忆深深埋藏在我的潜意识里。

"It is certainly no coincidence," he said. "We only notice physiological synchrony when we measure it, but it probably creates a better level of coordination."

“这当然不是巧合，”他说，“我们只是在测量时才注意到生理上的同步，但它可能创造了更好的协调水平。”

Studies have shown that physiological synchrony can predict how well two people will work together to accomplish a task. The degree of synchrony also correlates with how much empathy a patient perceives in a therapist or the level of engagement students feel with their teachers.

研究表明，生理同步可以预测两个人在完成一项任务时的协作程度。同步程度还与患者对治疗师的共鸣度或学生对老师的参与度有关。

"You could probably use our system to determine which people in an organization work better together in a group and which are naturally antagonistic," Chatterjee said.

查特吉说：“你也许可以用我们的系统来确定一个组织中哪些人在团队中合作得更好，哪些人天生是敌对的。”

antagonistic /ænˌtæɡ.ənˈɪs.tɪk/ 表示“对抗的，对立的；敌对的；敌意的”，英文解释为“actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards something or someone”举个🌰：

He's extremely antagonistic towards all critics. 他对所有的评论员都极端敌视。

This aspect of affective computing holds huge potential for providing real-time feedback for educators, therapists or even autistic people, Novak said.

诺瓦克说，情感计算（affective computing）的这一领域在为教育工作者、治疗师甚至自闭症患者提供实时反馈方面具有巨大潜力。

"There are a lot of potential applications in this space. We've seen it pitched to look for implicit bias. You might not even be aware of these biases," Novak said.

“这个领域有很多潜在的应用。我们已经看到它被用来寻找隐性偏见。你可能甚至没有意识到这些偏见，”诺瓦克说。

autistic /ɔːˈtɪs.tɪk/ 表示“患自闭症的；与自闭症相关的”，英文解释为“affected by or relating to the condition of autism, which affects the development of social and communication skills and can affect behaviour”举个🌰：

One child in 5,000 is autistic. 每5,000名儿童中就有一名自闭症患者。

implicit /ɪmˈplɪs.ɪt/ 1）表示“不明言的，含蓄的”，英文解释为“suggested but not communicated directly”举个🌰：

He interpreted her comments as an implicit criticism. 他将她的评论理解为含蓄批评。

2）表示“无疑问的；无保留的”，英文解释为“complete and without any doubts”如：implicit trust 绝对的信任。

表示“偏见；偏心；偏向”，英文解释为“a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement”举个🌰：

Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。

- 今日盘点 -

into、 far off、 respiration、 perspiration、 physiological、 autonomic nervous system、 synchronize、 synchrony、 scenario、 affective、 modify、 compatible、 manifest、 subconscious、 perceive、 antagonistic、 autistic、 implicit、 bias

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