「Part 15」一起来学二十大报告双语版！

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Building a modern socialist country in all respects is a great and arduous endeavor.

arduous /ˈɑːdjʊəs/ 表示“艰苦的；艰难的”，英文解释为“involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time”，如：an arduous journey across the Andes 翻越安第斯山脉的艰苦之行。

前途光明，任重道远。

Our future is bright, but we still have a long way to go.

当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，

At present, momentous changes of a like not seen in a century are accelerating across the world.

表示“重大的，重要的”，英文解释为“very important because of effects on future events”举个🌰：

Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family.

是否移居海外对这个家庭来说是个重要的决定。

新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，国际力量对比深刻调整，我国发展面临新的战略机遇。

A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is well under way, and a significant shift is taking place in the international balance of power, presenting China with new strategic opportunities in pursuing development.

同时，世纪疫情影响深远，逆全球化思潮抬头，单边主义、保护主义明显上升，

At the same time, however, the once-in-a-century pandemic has had far-reaching effects; a backlash against globalization is rising; and unilateralism and protectionism are mounting.

表示“强烈抵制，集体反对”，英文解释为“a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society”如：the male backlash against feminism 男性对女权主义的强烈反应。

📺美剧《无耻之徒》（Shameless）第一季中的台词提到：There will be a backlash if people don't stop 字幕组翻译为：如果人们不停止...的话，迟早会出大事。

unilateralism /ˌjuː.nɪˈlæt.ər.əl.ɪ.zəm/ 表示“单边主义”，英文解释为“the process or fact of deciding a policy or action without involving another group or country”举个🌰：

He has made the world more dangerous by his arrogant unilateralism.

他傲慢的单边主义使世界变得更加危险。

1）表示“准备；安排；组织；开展，发动”，英文解释为“If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.”举个🌰：

The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of American painting.

国家美术馆举办了美国画展。

📍比如，BBC在「重庆公交车坠江」一文中提到的，开展大规模救援行动，A huge rescue operation was mounted.

📍纽约时报在「全美最严苛反堕胎法案诞生」一文中也有用到了mount的这个含义：In the coming days, we will be mounting the fight of our lives — we will take this to court and ensure abortion remains safe and legal. 在未来的日子里，我们将发动我们生命中的斗争--我们将诉诸法庭，确保堕胎仍然安全和合法。

2）表示“逐步增加；增长，上升”，就是increase的高级版，举个🌰：

The death toll continues to mount.

死亡人数持续增加。

📍2019年9月，美国电子烟巨头Juul的CEO辞职时，经济学人的文章中用到了As concerns mount这一表达：Juul replaced its chief executive, as concerns mount about the health risks of e-cigarettes.

3）表示“安放，安装；镶嵌；裱贴”，英文解释为“to fix something to a wall, in a frame, etc., so that it can be looked at or used”举个🌰：

The surveillance camera is mounted above the main door.

闭路电视的摄像机安装在大门的上方。

4）熟词僻义，作动词，表示“骑上（马、自行车等）”，英文解释为“to get on a horse, bicycle, etc.. in order to ride”举个🌰：

She mounted her horse and rode off.

她骑上马走了。

5）作名词，则可以直接表示“马”，英文解释为“a horse”如：an excellent mount for a child 供孩子骑的好马。

世界经济复苏乏力，局部冲突和动荡频发，全球性问题加剧，

The global economic recovery is sluggish, regional conflicts and disturbances are frequent, and global issues are becoming more acute.

sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ 表示“萧条的；迟钝的；行动缓慢的；迟缓的；缺乏活力的，性能欠佳的”，英文解释为“moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power”举个🌰：

The housing market has been very sluggish these past few years.

过去这几年房地产市场一直很萧条。

disturbance /dɪˈstɜː.bəns/ 1）表示“干扰，滋扰”，英文解释为“something that interrupts someone or makes someone feel worried”举个🌰：

Residents are tired of the disturbance caused by the nightclub.

居民受够了夜总会造成的干扰。

2）表示“骚乱；纷乱；暴力事件”，英文解释为“violence or trouble”

3）表示“障碍；失调；紊乱”，英文解释为“a state in which sb's mind or a function of the body is upset and not working normally”如：emotional disturbance 情绪失常。

1）表示“严峻的”，英文解释为“You can use acute to indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.”举个🌰：

There is an acute shortage of water.

水严重短缺。

2）表示“（疾病）急性的”，英文解释为“an acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous”如：acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎。

世界进入新的动荡变革期。

The world has entered a new period of turbulence and change.

turbulence /ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns/ 表示“骚乱，骚动；动荡，混乱”，英文解释为“a state of confusion without any order”举个🌰：

The era was characterized by political and cultural turbulence.

在那个时代里，政治和文化都动荡不安。

我国改革发展稳定面临不少深层次矛盾躲不开、绕不过，

At home, we face many deep-seated problems regarding reform, development, and stability that cannot be avoided or bypassed.

表示“根深蒂固的；笃信的”，英文解释为“strongly felt or believed and very difficult to change or get rid of”如：a deep-rooted desire 强烈的愿望。

动词，表示“绕过；避开”，英文解释为“to go around or avoid a place”举个🌰：

A new road now bypasses the town.

一条新路绕城镇而过。

党的建设特别是党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争面临不少顽固性、多发性问题，

In our efforts to strengthen the Party, and especially to improve conduct, build integrity, and combat corruption, we are confronted with many stubborn and recurrent problems.

1）表示“完整”，英文解释为“the quality of being whole and complete”举个🌰：

A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity.

在古老建筑物上附加扩建的现代建筑会破坏建筑风格的完整统一。

2）表示“正直；诚实；职业操守”，英文解释为“the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change”举个🌰：

No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity.

没有人怀疑总裁是个光明磊落的人。

stubborn /ˈstʌb.ən/ 1）表示“顽固的，执拗的，倔强的”，英文解释为“A stubborn person is determined to do what he or she wants and refuses to do anything else.”举个🌰：

They have huge arguments because they're both so stubborn.

他们俩吵得很凶，因为他们两个人都很固执。

2）表示“难移动的；难改变的；难对付的”，英文解释为“Things that are stubborn are difficult to move, change, or deal with.”

recurrent /rɪˈkʌr.ənt/ 表示“反复出现的；再次发生的；重新产生的”，英文解释为“happening again many times”举个🌰：

The patient has a two-month history of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis.

这位患者有两个月的胰腺炎复发病史。

来自外部的打压遏制随时可能升级。

External attempts to suppress and contain China may escalate at any time.

表示“压制；阻止；抑制”，英文解释为“to prevent sth from growing, developing or continuing”举个🌰：

The virus suppresses the body's immune system.

这种病毒会抑制人体的免疫系统。

escalate /ˈɛskəˌleɪt/ 表示“使…加剧；加剧”，英文解释为“If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.”举个🌰：

They fear the dispute could escalate.

他们都害怕争端会加剧。

🎬电影《死亡实验》（The Experiment）中的台词提到：Do I need to escalate matters right now? 逼我把事情闹大吗？

📍de-escalate /ˌdiːˈes.kə.leɪt/ 表示“（使）缓和，（使）缓解”，英文解释为“to (cause to) become less dangerous or difficult”举个🌰：

There are signs that the confrontation is beginning to de-escalate.

有迹象表明对立已经开始缓和。

我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，

Our country has entered a period of development in which strategic opportunities, risks, and challenges are concurrent and uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising.

各种“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生。

Various “black swan” and “gray rhino” events may occur at any time.

rhino /ˈraɪ.nəʊ/ 同 rhinoceros，表示“犀牛”。

📍“黑天鹅”比喻小概率而影响巨大的事件，而“灰犀牛”则比喻大概率且影响巨大的潜在危机。

我们必须增强忧患意识，坚持底线思维，做到居安思危、未雨绸缪，准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。

We must therefore be more mindful of potential dangers, be prepared to deal with worst-case scenarios, and be ready to withstand high winds, choppy waters, and even dangerous storms.

withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ 表示“经受；承受；顶住”，英文解释为“to be strong enough, or not be changed by something, or to oppose a person or thing successfully”如：a bridge designed to withstand earthquakes 具有抗震设计的桥梁。

choppy /ˈtʃɒp.i/ 表示“（大海、湖泊或河流）波浪滔滔的，波澜起伏的”，英文解释为“(of sea, lakes, or rivers) with a lot of small, rough waves caused by the wind”

前进道路上，必须牢牢把握以下重大原则。

On the journey ahead, we must firmly adhere to the following major principles.

——坚持和加强党的全面领导。

—Upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership.

坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，把党的领导落实到党和国家事业各领域各方面各环节，

We must resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership and see that Party leadership is exercised in all aspects and every stage of the endeavors of the Party and the country.

使党始终成为风雨来袭时全体人民最可靠的主心骨，确保我国社会主义现代化建设正确方向，确保拥有团结奋斗的强大政治凝聚力、发展自信心，

This will ensure that our Party always remains the pillar that the Chinese people can lean on in times of difficulty, that our socialist modernization advances along the right path, and that we have the political cohesion and confidence in our development to inspire the people to strive in unity.

pillar /ˈpɪlə/ 表示“（建筑物的）柱子，支柱；墩”，英文解释为“strong column made of stone, metal, or wood that supports part of a building”举个🌰：

A row of reinforced concrete pillars supports the bridge.

一排钢筋混凝土柱子支撑着桥梁。

补充：

📍pillar of sth表示“重要成员；栋梁，中坚，核心”，英文解释为“a very important member or part of a group, organization, system, etc.”举个🌰：

Equality is one of the pillars of socialism.

平等是社会主义理论的重要组成部分之一。

My father is a pillar of the family.

我父亲是家庭的顶梁柱。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述美国牛仔服饰的文章中提到：When Strauss died in 1902 he was eulogised as one of San Francisco’s foremost philanthropists and a pillar of the Jewish community. 施特劳斯在1902年去世时被誉为旧金山最杰出的慈善家之一和犹太社区的支柱。

lean /liːn/ 表示“依靠，凭借”，英文解释为“to use someone or something to help you, especially in a difficult situation”举个🌰：

He's always had his big brother to lean on.

他总是依靠他大哥。

cohesion /koʊˈhiːʒn/表示“凝聚（力）；团结”，英文解释为“the situation when the members of a group or society are united”如：social/national cohesion 社会/国家凝聚力。

集聚起万众一心、共克时艰的磅礴力量。

It will see us forming a mighty force to overcome all difficulties with one heart and one mind.

mighty /ˈmaɪ.ti/ 表示“强大的；巨大的；伟大的”，英文解释为“very large, powerful, or important”

——坚持中国特色社会主义道路。

—Following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，坚持独立自主、自力更生，

We must continue to pursue economic development as our central task, uphold the Four Cardinal Principles¹, remain committed to reform and opening up, and stay independent and self-reliant.

注：¹The Four Cardinal Principles are keeping to the path of socialism, upholding the people’s democratic dictatorship, upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and upholding Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. 坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持中国共产党的领导，坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想。

cardinal /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/ 表示“极重要的；基本的；主要的”，英文解释为“of great importance”如：a cardinal rule/error/sin 基本规则/根本错误/严重错误。

坚持道不变、志不改，

We must keep to our path and not sway in our commitment.

既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路，

We must not return to the isolation and rigidity of the past, or veer off course by changing our nature or abandoning our system.

rigidity /rɪˈdʒɪd.ə.ti/ 表示“死板；僵化；一成不变”，英文解释为“the quality of being impossible to change or persuade”

替表示“偏离；改变；转变”，英文解释为“to change in the way it develops”举个🌰：

The debate veered away from the main topic of discussion.

争论脱离了讨论的主题。

坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，坚持把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中。

We must develop our country and our nation with our own strength, and we must maintain a firm grasp on the future of China’s development and progress.

——坚持以人民为中心的发展思想。

—Applying a people-centered development philosophy.

维护人民根本利益，增进民生福祉，不断实现发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享， 

We must protect the people’s fundamental interests, improve their wellbeing, and work tirelessly to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and that its fruits are shared by the people.

让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。

We must do a better job of seeing that the gains of modernization benefit all our people fairly.

——坚持深化改革开放。

—Remaining committed to deepening reform and opening up.

深入推进改革创新，坚定不移扩大开放，

We must intensify efforts to advance reform and explore new ground, and we must remain steadfast in expanding opening up.

着力破解深层次体制机制障碍，不断彰显中国特色社会主义制度优势，不断增强社会主义现代化建设的动力和活力，

We must work hard to remove deep-seated institutional barriers so as to fully tap into the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics and continuously imbue our socialist modernization endeavors with fresh dynamism and vitality.

1）表示“轻敲；轻拍；轻叩”（to hit sb/sth quickly and lightly）举个🌰：

He tapped at the door.

他轻轻敲门。

2）表示“轻触（手机或平板电脑等给予指令）”（to touch the screen of a phone, tablet computer, etc. in order to give an instruction for something to happen）举个🌰：

You can manage the repeat and shuffle options by tapping the screen once and swiping to the left.

你可以通过轻触一下屏幕向左滑动来使用重复和移动功能。

3）表示“ 在（电话或电报线）上装窃听器；窃听”（to use a small device attached to a phone in order to listen secretly to what people are saying）举个🌰：

He suspected that his phone had been tapped.

他怀疑自己的电话被人窃听了。

4）表示“利用，开发，发掘（已有的资源、知识等）”（to make use of a source of energy, knowledge, etc. that already exists）举个🌰：

We need to tap the expertise of the people we already have.

我们需要利用我们现有人员的专业知识。

🎬电影《头号玩家》（Ready Player One）中的台词提到：This isn't real, you're tapping my feed. 这不是真的 你们拦截了我的信号。

🎬电影《银河护卫队2》（Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2）中的台词提到：She wouldn't even tap her foot. Wouldn't move a muscle. 她也毫不动容 连脚趾头也不动一下。

表示“使…充满…；将…灌输给…”，英文解释为“to fill something or someone with a particular feeling, quality, or idea”举个🌰：

His poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling.

他的诗歌充满了深厚的宗教情感。

把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。

We must do better in translating our country’s institutional strengths into effective governance.

——坚持发扬斗争精神。

—Carrying forward our fighting spirit.

增强全党全国各族人民的志气、骨气、底气，不信邪、不怕鬼、不怕压，

We must foster a firmer sense of purpose, fortitude, and self-belief in the whole Party and the Chinese people so that we cannot be swayed by fallacies, deterred by intimidation, or cowed by pressure.

fortitude /ˈfɔː.tɪ.tʃuːd/ 表示“勇气，坚韧，刚毅”，英文解释为“courage over a long period”举个🌰：

I thought she showed remarkable fortitude during that period.

我认为她在那段时期表现出了惊人的勇气。

sway /sweɪ/ 作动词，表示“说服，使动摇”，英文解释为“to persuade someone to believe or do one thing rather than another”举个🌰：

Her speech failed to sway her colleagues into supporting the plan.

她的演说没能说服她的同事们支持这个计划。

作名词，表示“控制，统治；影响”，英文解释为“control or influence”如：under the sway of 受...的影响。

补充：

📍hold sway表示“掌握权力；有很大影响”，英文解释为“to have power or a very strong influence”举个🌰：

These beliefs hold sway over whole districts.

这些信仰在整个地区处于支配地位。

🎬 电影《斯隆女士》（Miss Sloane）中的台词提到：Our third is to identify who holds sway in target states 第三个就是，找到操控重点州票数的关键人物。

fallacy /ˈfæləsɪ/ 表示“谬见，谬论”，英文解释为“an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false”举个🌰：

It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than men.

女性开车不如男性开得好，这是人们常有的谬见。

表示“阻挠，阻止；威慑；使不敢”，英文解释为“to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it”举个🌰：

High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses.

高昂的价格让很多年轻人对于买房望而却步。

🎬电影《杀手：代号47》（Hitman）中的台词提到：I, for one, will not let their cowardice deter me. 作为总统 为了一个人 我将一往无前。

🎬电影《孤独的生还者》（Lone Survivor）中的台词提到：If you do come under attack, use the appropriate force necessary to deter or defeat that threat. 如果遭受袭击使用适当的武力来制止或反击此威胁。

intimidation /ɪnˌtɪm.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“恫吓，恐吓”，英文解释为“the action of frightening or threatening someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do”举个🌰：

The campaign of violence and intimidation against them intensifies daily.

针对他们的暴力和恐吓活动每天都在加剧。

cow /kaʊ/ 作名词表示“母牛，奶牛”，作动词熟词僻义，表示“（以威胁或暴力）使害怕，吓唬，恐吓”，英文解释为“to frighten someone into doing something, using threats or violence”举个🌰：

She was easily cowed by people in authority.

她很容易被有权势的人吓住。

知难而进、迎难而上，统筹发展和安全，全力战胜前进道路上各种困难和挑战，

We must meet obstacles and difficulties head on, ensure both development and security, and dig deep to surmount the difficulties and challenges on the road ahead.

surmount /səˈmaʊnt/ 表示“克服（困难）；解决（问题）”，英文解释为“to deal successfully with a difficulty or problem”举个🌰：

They managed to surmount all opposition/objections to their plans.

他们设法克服了对他们计划的所有反对意见。

依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地。

Let us harness our indomitable fighting spirit to open up new horizons for our cause.

harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ 作动词，表示“控制，利用（以产生能量等）”，英文解释为“to control and use the force or strength of sth to produce power or to achieve sth”举个🌰：

We must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce.

我们必须尽量发挥全体职工的技能和创造力。

🎬《复仇者联盟2：奥创纪元》（Avengers: Age of Ultron）中提到的：If we can harness this power, ...如果我们能够驾驭这种能量，

🎬《奇异博士》（Doctor Strange）中提到的：We harness energy...我们收集/汲取能量，

indomitable /ɪnˈdɒm.ɪ.tə.bəl/ 表示“不屈不挠的；勇敢坚定的”，英文解释为“used to say that someone is strong, brave, determined, and difficult to defeat or frighten”

同志们！

Comrades,

今天，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标，

Today, we are closer, more confident, and more capable than ever of reaching the goal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation.

同时必须准备付出更为艰巨、更为艰苦的努力。

At the same time, we must be prepared to work even harder to get there.

全党必须坚定信心、锐意进取，主动识变应变求变，主动防范化解风险，不断夺取全面建设社会主义现代化国家新胜利！

All of us in the Party must forge ahead with confidence and determination; proactively identify, respond to, and steer changes and prevent and defuse risks; and keep on striving to secure new successes in building a modern socialist China in all respects.

1）表示“引导，带领”，英文解释为“to take someone or something or make someone or something go in the direction in which you want him, her, or it”举个🌰：

She steered her guests into the dining room.

她把客人们领到餐厅。

2）表示“驾驶”，英文解释为“When you steer a car, boat, or plane, you control it so that it goes in the direction that you want.”举个🌰：

He steered the boat into the harbour.

他把船开进港。

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