如果真的喝醉了酒是什么感觉？

刚刚，张天爱发布了一段通话录音，并配文“惯犯，希望所有女孩擦亮眼睛”。录音中，徐开骋承认出轨，但辩称是“酒后乱性”。

随后古力娜扎回应：“不是小三，之前不是现在不是以后更不会是！面临全网‘小三’的言论，一直不敢相信你是骗子！这段录音也是让我看清了你到底是个什么东西！”

⚠️ 理性吃瓜，学习为重。

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们来看看如果真的喝醉了酒，会是怎样的？

无注释原文：

What's Actually Happening To Your Brain When You Get Drunk?

From: IFLScience

Whether you’re getting drunk, smashed, plastered or wasted, you're going to exhibit the number of visible and rather embarrassing effects of getting inebriated. This can range from belting your favorite song to vomiting on your flatmate’s shoes. But what exactly is happening to your body when you’re getting drunk?

IFLScience teams up with Stephen Braun, author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine, to uncover what’s happening to our bodies when we’re getting drunk.

Let’s start from the beginning of the night.

◐ At first you feel great

It’s a Friday night, you have a glass of wine or beer in your hand and it’s been a really long week. The first thing to know while the drinks start flowing is that alcohol is a drug. The effects of this drug are highly dependent on how much you drink and how quickly. While some drugs are more precise in their effect on the body, alcohol is the complete opposite.

“Alcohol is like the hand grenade or a bomb. It blows up and goes everywhere,” Braun tells IFLScience.

As you drink, alcohol – or ethanol – travels to your stomach and very quickly gets absorbed into your bloodstream. It’s then transmitted throughout the body.

“Your body responds to alcohol as if you’ve taken a very nasty poison and it's geared to get rid of it,” Braun explains.

The liver begins the process of breaking the alcohol down. It produces an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase, which converts alcohol into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde, which is thought to play an important role in a hangover, is then broken down into acetic acid. If you drink more alcohol than your liver can process, you start to get drunk. How quickly you get drunk is dependent on a number of factors, such as how much you’ve eaten beforehand. 

While alcohol is known to be a depressant, it actually has two different "phases."

“In the first half an hour or so of drinking, you’re going to experience stimulating effects and euphoria. Alcohol reduces your inhibitions and will release a little dopamine – the brain’s big reward molecule – so you’re going to feel good,” Braun says.

◐ Then the depressive effects kick in

You’ve had a few more glasses and you’re becoming clumsier, you’re not reacting to situations as quickly and your vision can start to get more blurry. This is when the alcohol starts effecting other parts of the brain – exerting the depressive effects.

Alcohol is known to increase the effects of the inhibitory transmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is a neurotransmitter that dampens responses. This causes the sluggish movements and impaired speech that alcohol is known for.

“This isn’t the time to make important decisions,” Braun says. This is because alcohol depresses the behavioral inhibitory centers in the cerebral cortex, making you more likely to do things that you wouldn’t if you were sober.

◐ You need to pee – a lot

You’ve just come back from the toilet and find yourself needing to go back again. That’s because your liver is working furiously to get the alcohol out of your body. Alcohol blocks an antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, in your body. Vasopressin normally keeps the kidneys from excreting too much fluid by telling the kidney to reabsorb water. As vasopressin is blocked, your body starts excreting more liquid from your body than you’re actually taking in from the beer or wine.

“You end up dehydrated and that’s a big reason for hangovers,” Braun explains.

◐ You might want to have sex, but...

While alcohol may stimulate your sex drive, it can dampen sexual responses. As Shakespeare so eloquently put it, alcohol “provokes the desire, but ... takes away the performance.”

“After that third or fourth glass of wine, pretty much everything is going to go downhill. From a purely physiological standpoint, alcohol is just bad for sex,” Braun says.

You may wake up the next day, look at your bed partner and wonder: What was I thinking?

“Obviously you weren’t thinking,” Braun says while chuckling. “Under the influence of alcohol, you may find yourself becoming much more attracted to someone than you would if you were sober. That has to do with putting a break on your frontal lobe and loosening up all the emotional centers of the brain.”

A study, published in the journal Addiction, suggests that the phenomena more commonly referred to as beer goggles is down to our ability to assess facial symmetry. Alcohol reduces our ability to evaluate facial symmetry, which some suggest contributes to attractiveness and human mate selection.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

What's Actually Happening To Your Brain When You Get Drunk?

From: IFLScience

Whether you’re getting drunk, smashed, plastered or wasted, you're going to exhibit the number of visible and rather embarrassing effects of getting inebriated. This can range from belting your favorite song to vomiting on your flatmate’s shoes. But what exactly is happening to your body when you’re getting drunk?

无论你醉成什么程度，醉酒后都产生许多明显的、相当尴尬的影响，比如从大声唱你最喜欢的歌到呕吐在室友的鞋子上等等。但是当你喝醉的时候，你的身体到底会怎样呢？

表示“醉的，喝醉的，醉酒的”，英文解释为“unable to speak or act in the usual way because of having had too much alcohol”举个🌰：

I got completely drunk at her wedding.

我在她的婚礼上喝得酩酊大醉。

📍drunk and disorderly表示“酗酒滋事，酒后闹事”，英文解释为“the crime of behaving badly in public after drinking too much alcohol”

表示“酩酊大醉的；（吸毒后）迷醉的”，英文解释为“extremely drunk, or powerfully affected by illegal drugs”

表示“烂醉的”，英文解释为“extremely drunk”举个🌰：

They went out to the bars and got plastered.

他们去酒吧喝了个烂醉。

表示“烂醉如泥的；吸毒过量的”，英文解释为“very drunk or illfrom drugs”举个🌰：

He was too wasted to drive.

他喝得酩酊大醉，无法开车。

inebriated /ɪnˈiːbrɪeɪtɪd/表示“喝醉的；酒醉的”，英文解释为“having drunk too much alcohol”

一般用belt sth out，表示“引吭高歌；高声演奏”，英文解释为“to sing or play a musical instrument very loudly”举个🌰：

The band was belting out all the old favourites.

乐队正在高声演奏所有的经典老歌。

vomit /ˈvɒm.ɪt/ 表示“呕吐”，英文解释为“to empty the contents of the stomach through the mouth”举个🌰：

He came home drunk and vomited all over the kitchen floor.

他醉醺醺地回到家里，在厨房里吐了一地。

IFLScience teams up with Stephen Braun, author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine, to uncover what’s happening to our bodies when we’re getting drunk.

IFLScience与《Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine》的作者斯蒂芬·布劳恩（Stephen Braun）合作，揭示当我们喝醉时我们身体发生了什么。

表示“（祖辈流传下来的）知识，传说”，英文解释为“traditional knowledge and stories about a subject”举个🌰：

According to local lore, the water has healing properties.

根据当地的传说，这种水有治病的功效。

caffeine /ˈkæf.iːn/ 表示“咖啡因，咖啡碱”，英文解释为“a chemical, found for example in tea and coffee, that is a stimulant (= something that makes people more active)”

Let’s start from the beginning of the night.

让我们从夜晚开始说起。

◐ At first you feel great 一开始你感觉很棒

It’s a Friday night, you have a glass of wine or beer in your hand and it’s been a really long week. The first thing to know while the drinks start flowing is that alcohol is a drug. The effects of this drug are highly dependent on how much you drink and how quickly. While some drugs are more precise in their effect on the body, alcohol is the complete opposite.

这是一个周五的晚上，你手里拿着一杯葡萄酒或啤酒，这是一个非常漫长的一周。当酒精开始流动时，首先要知道的是酒精是一种药物。这种药物的效果在很大程度上取决于你喝了多少和喝得多快。虽然有些药物对身体的影响更精确，但酒精完全相反。

“Alcohol is like the hand grenade or a bomb. It blows up and goes everywhere,” Braun tells IFLScience.

“酒精就像手榴弹或炸弹。炸开了，到处都是。”布劳恩告诉IFLScience。

hand grenade /ˈhænd ɡrəˌneɪd/ 表示“手榴弹”，英文解释为“a small bomb consisting of explosive material in a metal or plastic container that can be thrown easily”

As you drink, alcohol – or ethanol – travels to your stomach and very quickly gets absorbed into your bloodstream. It’s then transmitted throughout the body.

当你喝酒时，酒精——或乙醇——会进入你的胃，很快被你的血液吸收，然后传遍全身。

ethanol /ˈeθ.ə.nɒl/ 表示“乙醇”，英文解释为“a chemical compound that is a type of alcohol”

表示“传递；传播”，英文解释为“to pass something from one person or place to another”如：a sexually transmitted disease 性传播疾病。

“Your body responds to alcohol as if you’ve taken a very nasty poison and it's geared to get rid of it,” Braun explains.

布劳恩解释道：“你的身体对酒精的反应就好像你服用了一种非常危险的毒药，而身体正在努力摆脱它。”

表示“使适合于…；使与…相适应”，英文解释为“to design or organize something so that it is suitable for a particular purpose, situation, or group of people”举个🌰：

Most public places are simply not geared to the needs of people with disabilities.

大多数公共场所根本不能适应残疾人的需要。

The workshops are geared towards helping people to become more employable.

研习班旨在帮助学员提高就业能力。

The liver begins the process of breaking the alcohol down. It produces an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase, which converts alcohol into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde, which is thought to play an important role in a hangover, is then broken down into acetic acid. If you drink more alcohol than your liver can process, you start to get drunk. How quickly you get drunk is dependent on a number of factors, such as how much you’ve eaten beforehand. 

肝脏开始分解酒精的过程。它产生一种叫做酒精脱氢酶（dehydrogenase）的酶，这种酶将酒精转化为乙醛（acetaldehyde）。乙醛被认为在宿醉中发挥了重要作用，然后被分解成乙酸（acetic acid）。如果你喝的酒超过了肝脏的处理能力，你就开始醉了。你喝醉的速度取决于许多因素，比如你事先吃了多少。 

表示“肝，肝脏”，英文解释为“a large organ in the body that cleans the blood and produces bile, or this organ from an animal used as meat”

enzyme /'enzaɪm ;ˋɛnzaɪm / 表示“酶”，英文解释为“a chemical substance that is produced in a plant or animal, and helps chemical changes to take place in the plant or animal”

表示“（大量饮酒后的）宿醉，不适反应”，英文解释为“a feeling of illness after drinking too much alcohol”举个🌰：

I had a terrible hangover the next morning.

第二天上午我宿醉反应很强烈。

acetic acid /əˌsiː.tɪk ˈæs.ɪd/ 表示“乙酸，醋酸”，英文解释为“a clear acid with a strong smell, found in vinegar”

While alcohol is known to be a depressant, it actually has two different "phases."

虽然酒精被认为是一种抑制剂，但它实际上有两个不同的“阶段”。

depressant /dɪˈpres.ənt/ 表示“抑制剂，抑郁剂”，英文解释为“a drug that slows the rate of the body's functions”举个🌰：

Alcohol is a depressant.

酒精能使人消沉。

“In the first half an hour or so of drinking, you’re going to experience stimulating effects and euphoria. Alcohol reduces your inhibitions and will release a little dopamine – the brain’s big reward molecule – so you’re going to feel good,” Braun says.

布劳恩说：“在喝酒的前半小时左右，你会体验到刺激和兴奋。酒精会降低你的抑制力，释放一点多巴胺——大脑的奖励分子——所以你会感觉很棒。”

euphoria /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/ 表示“狂喜；亢奋；异常兴奋”，英文解释为“extreme happiness, sometimes more than is reasonable in a particular situation”举个🌰：

They were in a state of euphoria for days after they won the prize.

获奖之后一连几天他们都处于亢奋状态。

表示“抑制；约束”，英文解释为“the act of stopping or slowing down a process, or the fact of this happening”举个🌰：

The therapy provides inhibition of inflammation.

这种治疗抑制了发炎。

dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/表示“多巴胺（神经细胞产生的一种作用于其他细胞的化学物质）”，英文解释为“a chemical produced by nerve cells which has an effect on other cells”。

molecule /ˈmɒl.ɪ.kjuːl/ 表示“分子”，英文解释为“the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature”举个🌰：

A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成。

形容词性：

📍molecular /məʊˈlɛkjʊlə/ 表示“分子的”，英文解释为“Molecular means relating to or involving molecules.”，如：the molecular structure of fuel 燃料的分子结构。

◐ Then the depressive effects kick in 然后就会产生抑制效应

You’ve had a few more glasses and you’re becoming clumsier, you’re not reacting to situations as quickly and your vision can start to get more blurry. This is when the alcohol starts effecting other parts of the brain – exerting the depressive effects.

多喝几杯，你就变得越来越迟钝，你的反应没有那么快，你的视力开始变得更加模糊。这就是酒精开始影响大脑其他部分的时候——产生抑制效应。

表示“开始见效；起作用”，英文解释为“to start to have an effect or to happen”举个🌰：

It takes half an hour for the medication to kick in.

药片半小时后药力开始显现。

表示“笨手笨脚，毛手毛脚，不灵巧”，英文解释为“A clumsy person often has accidents because they do not behave in a careful, controlled way.”举个🌰：

That's the third glass you've smashed this week - you're so clumsy!

这已经是你这个星期打碎的第3只杯子了——真是太笨了！

blurry /ˈblɜːrɪ/ 1）表示“模糊不清的”，英文解释为“without a clear outline; not clear”，如：a blurry picture 模糊的照片。

2）表示“不清楚的，不确定的”，英文解释为“not clear and definite”举个🌰：

The law in this area is blurry.

这一领域的法律模糊不清。

exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）”，英文解释为“to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen”举个🌰：

If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.

如果你能施加你的影响，他们或许会改变决定。

Alcohol is known to increase the effects of the inhibitory transmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is a neurotransmitter that dampens responses. This causes the sluggish movements and impaired speech that alcohol is known for.

众所周知，酒精会增加大脑中抑制性递质（inhibitory transmitter）γ－氨基丁酸（GABA）的作用。γ－氨基丁酸是一种抑制性神经递质。这导致了酒精所带来的动作迟缓和口齿不清。

表示“神经传递素（神经细胞用来在相互之间及向肌肉组织传递信号的化学物质）”，英文解释为“a chemical that carries messages between neurons or between neurons and muscles”

dampen /ˈdæmpən/ 表示“抑制，控制，减弱（感情、反应等）”，英文解释为“：to make sth such as a feeling or a reaction less strong”举个🌰：

None of the setbacks could dampen his enthusiasm for the project.

任何挫折都不能减弱他对这个项目的热情。

sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ 表示“萧条的；迟钝的；行动缓慢的；迟缓的；缺乏活力的，性能欠佳的”，英文解释为“moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power”举个🌰：

The housing market has been very sluggish these past few years.

过去这几年房地产市场一直很萧条。

表示“损害；削弱，损伤”，英文解释为“If something impairs something such as an ability or the way something works, it damages it or makes it worse.”举个🌰：

The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.

这种疾病损害了他的思维能力和注意力。

“This isn’t the time to make important decisions,” Braun says. This is because alcohol depresses the behavioral inhibitory centers in the cerebral cortex, making you more likely to do things that you wouldn’t if you were sober.

“这不是做重要决定的时候，”布劳恩说。这是因为酒精会抑制大脑皮层的行为抑制中心，让你更有可能做一些清醒时不会做的事情。

cerebral /ˈser.ə.brəl/ 表示“脑的，大脑的”，英文解释为“relating to the brain or the cerebrum”。

cortex /ˈkɔː.teks/ 表示“（尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层，皮质”，英文解释为“the outer layer, especially of the brain and other organs”如：the cerebral cortex 大脑皮层。

1）表示“（衣物）简朴的，色彩暗淡的”，英文解释为“Clothes or colours that are sober are plain and not bright.”

2）表示“持重的；冷静的”，英文解释为“(of people and their behaviour) serious and sensible”，如：a sober assessment of the situation 对形势的冷静估计，举个🌰：

He is honest, sober and hard-working.

他诚实、稳重、勤奋。

3）表示“未醉的，清醒的”，英文解释为“not drunk or affected by alcohol”

◐ You need to pee – a lot 你需要频繁尿尿

You’ve just come back from the toilet and find yourself needing to go back again. That’s because your liver is working furiously to get the alcohol out of your body. Alcohol blocks an antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, in your body. Vasopressin normally keeps the kidneys from excreting too much fluid by telling the kidney to reabsorb water. As vasopressin is blocked, your body starts excreting more liquid from your body than you’re actually taking in from the beer or wine.

你刚从厕所回来，发现自己又想再去了。那是因为你的肝脏正在拼命地工作，以将酒精排出体外。酒精会阻断体内的一种抗利尿激素（antidiuretic hormone），也称为血管加压素（vasopressin）。血管加压素通常通过告诉肾脏重新吸收水分来防止肾脏排出过多液体。当血管加压素被阻断时，你的身体开始从你的身体中排出比你实际从啤酒或葡萄酒中摄入的更多的液体。

表示“用尽全力地，拼命地”，英文解释为“with as much effort or strength as possible”举个🌰：

I was pedalling furiously to try to keep up with the other children.

我拼命蹬车试图赶上其他的孩子。

表示“肾，肾脏”，英文解释为“either of a pair of small organs in the body that take away waste matter from the blood to produce urine”如：kidney failure 肾脏衰竭。

excrete /ɪkˈskriːt/ 表示“排泄”，英文解释为“to get rid of material such as solid waste or urine from the body”举个🌰：

Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body.

大部分毒素被自然排出体外。

表示“液体；流质”，英文解释为“a substance that flows and is not solid”举个🌰：

If you have a fever you should drink plenty of fluids.

如果发烧，应多喝流质。

“You end up dehydrated and that’s a big reason for hangovers,” Braun explains.

布劳恩解释道：“你最终会脱水，这是宿醉的一个重要原因。”

dehydrated /ˌdiː.haɪˈdreɪ.tɪd/ 表示“脱水的，极度干渴的”，英文解释为“not having the normal amount of water in your body so that you feel ill or weak”

◐ You might want to have sex, but...

While alcohol may stimulate your sex drive, it can dampen sexual responses. As Shakespeare so eloquently put it, alcohol “provokes the desire, but ... takes away the performance.”

虽然酒精可能会刺激你的性欲，但它会抑制性反应。正如莎士比亚所言，酒精“激起了欲望，但……往往也使行动化为泡影。”

表示“善辩地；富于表现力地”，英文解释为“in a way that gives a strong, clear message”

1）表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

2）表示“激怒，挑衅”，英文解释为“to make or try to make a person or an animal angry”举个🌰：

It was a vicious-looking dog and I didn't want to provoke it.

那只狗看起来很凶，我可不想招惹它。

“After that third or fourth glass of wine, pretty much everything is going to go downhill. From a purely physiological standpoint, alcohol is just bad for sex,” Braun says.

“喝了第三杯或第四杯酒后，几乎一切都会越来越糟糕。从纯粹的生理角度来看，酒精对性有害，”布劳恩说。

表示“走下坡路，每况愈下”，英文解释为“to gradually become worse”举个🌰：

After his wife died, his health started to go downhill.

自从妻子去世后，他的健康状况开始每况愈下。

physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“生理学的”，英文解释为“relating to the way in which the bodies of living things work”举个🌰：

Touching causes a physiological reaction.

触摸引起生理反应。

You may wake up the next day, look at your bed partner and wonder: What was I thinking?

你可能第二天醒来，看着你的枕边人，想知道：我在想什么呢？

“Obviously you weren’t thinking,” Braun says while chuckling. “Under the influence of alcohol, you may find yourself becoming much more attracted to someone than you would if you were sober. That has to do with putting a break on your frontal lobe and loosening up all the emotional centers of the brain.”

“显然你没有思考，”布劳恩笑着说。“在酒精的影响下，你可能会发现自己比清醒时更容易被某人吸引。这与让你的额叶休息和放松大脑的所有情绪中心有关。”

表示“哧哧地笑；轻声笑；暗自笑”，英文解释为“to laugh quietly”举个🌰：

She chuckled.

她暗自发笑。

A study, published in the journal Addiction, suggests that the phenomena more commonly referred to as beer goggles is down to our ability to assess facial symmetry. Alcohol reduces our ability to evaluate facial symmetry, which some suggest contributes to attractiveness and human mate selection.

发表在《Addiction》杂志上的一项研究表明，通常被称为“啤酒眼”的现象是我们评估面部对称性的能力所致。酒精降低了我们评估面部对称性的能力，而有人认这会影响着人的吸引力及伴侣选择。

表示“啤酒效应（指因饮酒过度而将某人想象得比真实更加性感）”，英文解释为“If you say that someone is wearing beer goggles, you mean that that person has been drinking so much alcohol that they think someone is more sexually attractive than they really are.”

表示“由…决定；是…的责任”，英文解释为“to be someone's responsibility or decision”举个🌰：

It's down to me to find a suitable person for the job.

找到合适的人选做这项工作是我的责任。

symmetry /ˈsɪm.ə.tri/ 表示“对称（性）；匀称”，英文解释为“the quality of having parts that match each other, especially in a way that is attractive, or similarity of shape or contents”举个🌰：

The design of the house had a pleasing symmetry, its oblong shape being picked up in its elongated windows.

房子的设计透着一种赏心悦目的对称美，狭长的窗户使长方形的结构显得更加和谐。

相反：

📍asymmetry /æˈsɪmɪtrɪ/ 表示“不对称”，英文解释为“Asymmetry is the appearance that something has when its two sides or halves are different in shape, size, or style.”

- 今日盘点 -

drunk

smashed

plastered

wasted

inebriated

belt

vomit

lore

caffeine

hand grenade

ethanol

transmit

gear sth to/towards sb/sth

liver

enzyme

hangover

acetic acid

depressant

euphoria

inhibition

dopamine

molecule

kick in

clumsy

blurry

exert

neurotransmitter

dampen

sluggish

impair

cerebral

cortex

sober

furiously

kidney

excrete

fluid

dehydrated

eloquently

provoke

go downhill

physiological

chuckle

beer goggles

be down to sb

symmetry

公众号后台对话框里发送：666

参与抽奖（8月27日0点开）

公众号后台对话框里发送：沙发

查看沙发计划，抢沙发拿奖励

公众号后台对话框里发送：打卡

参与每天持续行动打卡计划

公众号后台对话框里发送：提问

查看提问指南，不懂先查再问

- 推荐阅读 -

2022政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

为了这个合集，准备了整整1年7月

「LearnAndRecord」2021大盘点

写在七周年的话

- END -