刚刚，2021年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓
北京时间10月5日下午5点50分许，2021年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓：美国籍科学家真锅淑郎（Syukuro Manabe）、德国科学家克劳斯·哈塞尔曼（Klaus Hasselmann）和意大利科学家乔治·帕里西（Giorgio Parisi），以表彰他们“对我们理解复杂物理系统的开创性贡献”（for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems）。
无注释原文：
Nobel Prize in physics awarded to scientists whose work warned the world of climate change
CNN
The Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to scientists Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi, whose groundbreaking work over the past 60 years predicted climate change and decoded complex physical systems.
Manabe, 90, and Hasselmann, 89, were jointly honored for "the physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming," according to the press release from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Both men carried out pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s that sounded an early alarm on man-made climate change.
Italian physicist Parisi, 73, claimed the other half of the award, for "the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales."
The trio were announced as winners at a news conference Tuesday in Stockholm, Sweden.
Manabe's work in the 1960s demonstrated how increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere caused the Earth's temperature to rise. In doing so, he "laid the foundation for the development of current climate models," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in a statement.
A decade later, Hasselmann "created a model that links together weather and climate."
Parisi's discoveries, meanwhile, "make it possible to understand and describe many different and apparently entirely random complex materials and phenomena." This is not only true for physics but also for other areas, such as mathematics, biology, neuroscience and machine learning, the academy added.
The committee's decision to recognize pioneering work on climate change comes weeks before the world's leaders meet at COP26, a crucial summit in the United Kingdom.
Parisi acknowledged the timeliness of the award while speaking with reporters after the announcement. He said it is "urgent that we take a very strong position, and we move at a very strong pace," adding: "It's clear that for the future generations, we have to act now, in a very fast way."
On Monday, the Nobel Prize in medicine was given to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Nobel Prize in physics awarded to scientists whose work warned the world of climate change
CNN
The Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to scientists Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi, whose groundbreaking work over the past 60 years predicted climate change and decoded complex physical systems.
诺贝尔物理学奖已被授予科学家真锅淑郎（Syukuro Manabe）、克劳斯·哈塞尔曼（Klaus Hasselmann）和乔治·帕里西（Giorgio Parisi），他们在过去60年中的开创性工作预测了气候变化并解码了复杂物理系统。
decode
1）表示“解码，解读，解译”英文解释“if a computer decodes data , it receives it and changes it into a form that can be used by the computer or understood by a person.”举个🌰：
Decoding the paintings is not difficult once you know what the component parts symbolize.
一旦明白了画中各部分的象征意义，也就不难搞清楚这幅画的含义了。
2）表示“正确理解（外语单词或短语）”，英文解释为“to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way”举个🌰：
Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences.
语法信息有助于学习者正确理解句子的含义。
Manabe, 90, and Hasselmann, 89, were jointly honored for "the physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming," according to the press release from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
根据瑞典皇家科学院的新闻稿，90岁的真锅淑郎和89岁的哈塞尔曼因“建立了地球气候的物理模型、能够量化多变性并可靠地预测全球变暖”而被共同授予该荣誉（其中一半奖项）。
quantify
表示“以数量表述；量化”，英文解释为“to describe or express sth as an amount or a number”举个🌰：
It's difficult to quantify how many people will be affected by the change.
很难确定将有多少人受到该变化的影响。
variability
表示“可变性；易变性；反复不定”，英文解释为“the fact of sth being likely to vary”如：climatic variability 气候的多变性。
Both men carried out pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s that sounded an early alarm on man-made climate change.
两人都在20世纪60年代和70年代进行了开创性的工作，为人为的气候变化敲响了早期的警钟。
sound the alarm
表示“拉响警报；发出警报”，英文解释为“to cause a noise to be made or say or shout a message to warn people about something”举个🌰：
Quick, sound the alarm - there's a fire in the machine room!
快，拉警报——机房里着火了！
Italian physicist Parisi, 73, claimed the other half of the award, for "the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales."
73岁的意大利物理学家帕里西获得了另一半奖项，因为他“发现了从原子到行星尺度的物理系统中的无序性和波动间的相互作用。”
claim
表示“获得；赢得；取得”，英文解释为“to gain, win or achieve sth”举个🌰：
She has finally claimed a place on the team.
她终于成了那支队的队员。
interplay
表示“相互影响，相互作用”，英文解释为“the effect that two or more things have on each other”举个🌰：
Our personalities result from the complex interplay between our genes and our environment.
我们的个性是基因与环境之间复杂的相互影响的结果。
disorder
1）表示“混乱，凌乱，杂乱无章”，英文解释为“a state of untidiness or lack of organization”举个🌰：
he whole office was in a state of disorder.
整个办公室里凌乱不堪。
2）表示“失调，紊乱”，英文解释为“an illness of the mind or body”如：a blood disorder 血液失调。
fluctuation
表示“波动，起伏”，英文解释为“a change, or the process of changing, especially continuously between one level or thing and another”。
The trio were announced as winners at a news conference Tuesday in Stockholm, Sweden.
周二在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行的新闻发布会公布这三人为获奖者。
trio
trio /ˈtriːəʊ/ 表示“三人小组；三件一套；三合一”，英文解释为“A trio is a group of three people together, especially musicians or singers, or a group of three things that have something in common.”
Manabe's work in the 1960s demonstrated how increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere caused the Earth's temperature to rise. In doing so, he "laid the foundation for the development of current climate models," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in a statement.
真锅淑郎在20世纪60年代的工作证明了大气中二氧化碳水平的增加如何导致地球温度上升。瑞典皇家科学院在一份声明中说，通过这些工作，他“为当前气候模型的发展奠定了基础”。
demonstrate
表示“显示；表明”，英文解释为“to show or make make something clear”举个🌰：
These numbers clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country.
这些数字清楚表明了该国经济问题的严重程度。
A decade later, Hasselmann "created a model that links together weather and climate."
十年后，哈塞尔曼“创建了一个将天气和气候联系起来的模型。”
Parisi's discoveries, meanwhile, "make it possible to understand and describe many different and apparently entirely random complex materials and phenomena." This is not only true for physics but also for other areas, such as mathematics, biology, neuroscience and machine learning, the academy added.
同时，帕里西的发现“使我们有可能理解和描述许多不同的、显然是完全随机的复合材料和现象。”瑞典皇家科学院补充说，这不仅适用于物理学，也适用于其他领域，如数学、生物学、神经科学和机器学习。
The committee's decision to recognize pioneering work on climate change comes weeks before the world's leaders meet at COP26, a crucial summit in the United Kingdom.
此刻，诺贝尔奖委员会决定表彰在气候变化方面的开创性工作，而几周后，世界各国领导人将参加在英国举行的重要峰会COP26。
COP26
第26届联合国气候变化大会（简称：COP26）将于2021年11月1日至11月12日在苏格兰格拉斯哥举行，由英国西敏政府（联同苏格兰政府）与意大利政府合作举办。
Parisi acknowledged the timeliness of the award while speaking with reporters after the announcement. He said it is "urgent that we take a very strong position, and we move at a very strong pace," adding: "It's clear that for the future generations, we have to act now, in a very fast way."
宣布获奖后，帕里西接受记者采访时承认该奖项的及时性。他说，“我们迫切需要采取非常有力的立场，并以非常有力的步伐前进，”他补充说。“很明显，为了子孙后代，我们必须现在就采取行动，以非常快的方式。”
timeliness
表示“及时；时间性；好时机”，英文解释为“the fact or quality of happening at the best possible time or at the right time”。
On Monday, the Nobel Prize in medicine was given to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.
周一，诺贝尔医学奖被授予戴维·朱利叶斯（David Julius）和雅顿·帕塔普蒂安（Ardem Patapoutian），以表彰他们对温度和触觉感受器的发现。
receptor
复习一下昨天出现的receptor，表示“感受器；受体”，英文解释为“a nerve ending which receives information about changes in light, heat etc and causes the body to react in particular ways”。
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