“双减”下的教师节
向亲爱的老师们道一声，
教师节快乐！
无注释原文：
China bans private tutors from giving online classes
Reuters
China on Wednesday banned private tutors from giving classes online or in unregistered venues such as residential buildings, hotels and coffee shops, ramping up its effort to stamp out all for-profit tutoring.
Authorities this year banned for-profit tutoring in subjects on the school curriculum in an effort to ease pressure on children and parents.
A competitive higher education system has made tutoring services popular with parents but the government has sought to reduce the cost of child-rearing in an effort to nudge up a lagging birthrate.
Media has reported this week on various ways parents and tutors have been trying to circumvent the rules, including how some agencies were advertising live-in tutors who could command salaries of up to 30,000 yuan ($4,650) a month.
"In some places, subject tutoring has moved 'underground' or put on a different 'vest' to evade the regulations," the Ministry of Education said in a statement announcing the new ban.
"This has impacted the policy's implementation."
The crackdown on tutoring has roiled the shares of tutoring companies traded in Hong Kong and New York, including New Oriental Education & Technology Group and Gaotu Techedu Inc.
The ministry said off-campus centres that offer tutoring in subjects on the school curriculum need to be licensed, operate out of registered venues and hire qualified teachers.
The ministry said attempts to evade the regulations include hiring private tutors in the guise of "housekeeping services", "cultural communication" or "live-in tutors" as well as conducting classes in the name of summer camps or study tours.
Offline institutions will also not be allowed to conduct online after-school tutoring via instant messaging, video conference or livestreaming platforms, the ministry said.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
China bans private tutors from giving online classes
Reuters
China on Wednesday banned private tutors from giving classes online or in unregistered venues such as residential buildings, hotels and coffee shops, ramping up its effort to stamp out all for-profit tutoring.
中国周三禁止私教在网上或在居民楼、酒店和咖啡厅等未登记的场所授课，加大了杜绝所有营利性家教的力度。
tutor
本文的高频词，表示“家庭教师；私人教师”，英文解释为“a private teacher, especially one who teaches an individual student or a very small group”；还有另一含义指“（英国大学或学院的）导师，教师”，英文解释为“a teacher at a British college or university who teaches one student or a small group”。
register
表示“（尤指把姓名）登记，注册，记录”，英文解释为“to put information, especially your name, into an official list or record”举个🌰：
I registered the car in my name.
我把车登记在我的名下。
venue
表示“（公共事件的）发生场所，举行地点；会场”，英文解释为“The venue for an event or activity is the place where it will happen.”举个🌰：
The International Convention Centre is the venue for a three-day arts festival.
国际会议中心是为期3天的艺术节的举办场所。
ramp up
1）表示“加快（速度）；增加（威力）；提高（费用）”，英文解释为“to increase the speed, power, or cost of something”举个🌰：
Announcement of the merger is expected to ramp up share prices over the next few days.
预计公司合并的消息发布后，接下来的几天里股票价格会上扬。
2）表示“（公司）扩大，增加，增多（业务等）”，英文解释为“If a business ramps up its activity, it increases it.”举个🌰：
The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month.
这家公司宣布了每月生产1万件的增产计划。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述新型冠状病毒抗体检测的文章中提到：Even when they are cleared for general use it will take time for manufacturers to ramp up the production of tests, 即便在检测设备被获准通用之后，制造商要扩大生产也需要时间，
stamp out
表示“消除，消灭”，英文解释为“to get rid of something that is wrong or harmful”举个🌰：
The new legislation is intended to stamp out bullying in schools.
新的立法旨在消除校园霸凌问题。
🎬电影《上帝也疯狂》（The Gods Must Be Crazy）中的台词提到：You stamped out the fire. I saw you. 是你把火踏灭的，我看见了。
🎬电影《1984》（Nineteen Eighty-Four）中的台词提到：We must stamp them out. 我们必须消灭他们。
for-profit
表示“以营利为目的的”，英文解释为“A for-profit organization is one that is run with the aim of making a profit.”
Authorities this year banned for-profit tutoring in subjects on the school curriculum in an effort to ease pressure on children and parents.
官方今年禁止了学科类课程的营利性培训，以努力减轻儿童和家长的压力。
curriculum
curriculum /kəˈrɪkjʊləm/ 表示“课程”，英文解释为“the subjects studied in a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes”如：the school curriculum 学校课程。
补充：
📍我们常说的简历，CV，就是curriculum vitae /ˈviːtaɪ/的缩写。
A competitive higher education system has made tutoring services popular with parents but the government has sought to reduce the cost of child-rearing in an effort to nudge up a lagging birthrate.
竞争激烈的高等教育制度使家教服务受到家长的欢迎，但政府一直在寻求降低养育孩子的成本，以努力提高落后的出生率。
child-rearing
表示“养育子女；抚养子女”，英文解释为“the work of taking care of children until they are old enough to take care of themselves”。
nudge
nudge /nʌdʒ/ 本义是表示“轻推，轻触（尤指用肘部）”，英文解释为“to push something or someone gently, especially to push someone with your elbow (= the middle part of your arm where it bends) to attract the person's attention”举个🌰：
The children were giggling and nudging each other.
孩子们咯咯地笑着，互相推来推去。
📍还有“接近（更高点或水平）”的含义，英文解释为“to move slowly and almost reach a higher point or level”举个🌰：
Oil prices continue to nudge higher.
油价持续上涨。
LR must be nudging 18 now.
LR现在肯定将近18岁了。
📍此前，微信推出拍一拍功能时，「拍了拍」一开始被译成“You nudged xxx”，“xxx nudged you”。
不过，现在你再去看，可能会发现，已经改为了“tickle”。至于为什么要改呢，个人猜测，可能是nudge nudge有不太正经的含义。作名词时，有个表达：nudge nudge (wink wink) 什么意思呢？something you say when you want to suggest that there is a sexual meaning in something that has just been said. 看到这儿，就不敢瞎拍了吧......
tickle
表示“使觉得痒；挠（某人）的痒痒”，英文解释为“to touch someone lightly with your fingers, making them slightly uncomfortable and often making them laugh”举个🌰：
Stop! You're tickling me!
快停下！你让我痒得难受！
lag
表示“缓慢移动；掉队，滞后”，英文解释为“to move or make progress so slowly that you are behind other people or things”举个🌰：
Sales are lagging at the moment.
目前的销售很不景气。
Media has reported this week on various ways parents and tutors have been trying to circumvent the rules, including how some agencies were advertising live-in tutors who could command salaries of up to 30,000 yuan ($4,650) a month.
本周，媒体报道了家长和家教试图规避规则的各种方式，包括一些机构如何宣传“住家教师”，这些家教的月薪可高达3万元（4650美元）。
circumvent
circumvent /ˌsɜːkəmˈvɛnt/ 表示“设法回避；规避”，英文解释为“to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule”举个🌰：
They found a way of circumventing the law.
他们找到了规避法律的途径。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情重塑全球化的文章中提到：America circumvented and then sabotaged the WTO, stopping the nomination of judges to its appeal board and thus its ability to adjudicate trade disputes. 美国先是绕开了世贸组织，然后再从中作梗，阻止其上诉委员会法官的提名，导致它无法裁决贸易争端。
advertise
表示“（尤指为了销售某物）登广告，做广告，宣传；公布；征聘”，英文解释为“to make something known generally or in public, especially in order to sell it”举个🌰：
We advertised our car in the local newspaper.
我们在当地报纸上登了广告出售我们的轿车。
live-in
表示“住（雇主）家的”，英文解释为“used to refer to a person who lives in the home where they work”如：a live-in housekeeper 住在雇主家里的管家。
command
熟词僻义，表示“应得，值得”，英文解释为“to deserve and get something good, such as attention, respect, or a lot of money”举个🌰：
She was one of those teachers who just commanded respect.
她是那些值得尊敬的老师中的一位。
She commands one of the highest fees per film in Hollywood.
她是好莱坞片酬最高的演员之一。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述当今汽车产业的文章中提到：The only firm that commands their confidence is Tesla, an electric-car specialist, whose shares are up by 64% this year. 唯一能赢得投资者信心的公司是专做电动汽车的特斯拉，它的股票今年上涨了64%。
"In some places, subject tutoring has moved 'underground' or put on a different 'vest' to evade the regulations," the Ministry of Education said in a statement announcing the new ban.
教育部在宣布新禁令的声明中说：“一些地方出现了学科类培训转入‘地下’，换个‘马甲’逃避监管等隐形变异问题，”
vest
表示“背心，马甲，防护背心”，英文解释为“a piece of clothing like a jacket without sleeves”。
evade
替换了上一段的circumvent /ˌsɜːkəmˈvɛnt/，evade在上周郑爽偷逃税被追缴并处罚款共2.99亿元文中刚出现过，表示“逃避，规避（尤指法律或道德责任）”，英文解释为“to find a way of not doing sth, especially sth that legally or morally you should do”，如：to evade payment of taxes 逃税。
"This has impacted the policy's implementation."
“这影响了政策的实施。”
The crackdown on tutoring has roiled the shares of tutoring companies traded in Hong Kong and New York, including New Oriental Education & Technology Group and Gaotu Techedu Inc.
对培训的打击使在香港和纽约上市的培训机构的股票受到影响，包括新东方教育科技集团和高途科技教育公司。
crackdown
表示“制裁；处罚；打击；镇压”，英文解释为“a situation in which someone starts to deal with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way”举个🌰：
There has been a series of government crackdowns on safety in factories.
针对工厂安全问题，政府有一系列的处罚措施。
roil
表示“扰乱；使混乱；使…停止正常运作”，英文解释为“Something that roils a state or situation makes it disturbed and confused.”也可以表示水的“激荡；翻腾”，英文解释为“If water roils, it is rough and disturbed.”举个🌰：
The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall.
当他在瀑布边缘小心攀爬时，水飞溅到他左边。
Fears about Japan roiled world financial markets last week.
上个星期对日本的担忧让世界金融市场停止了正常运作。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析爱马仕（Hermès）的文章中提到：Even as it has been roiled by covid-19, its market capitalisation has risen this year to €78bn, while big competitors have shrunk. 在遭受新冠疫情冲击之时，其市值今年上升到780亿欧元，而大型竞争对手的市值悉数缩水。
The ministry said off-campus centres that offer tutoring in subjects on the school curriculum need to be licensed, operate out of registered venues and hire qualified teachers.
教育部说，开展学科类校外培训须获得许可，在登记的培训场所，并聘请具有教师资格的培训人员。
license
表示“许可，授权，特许”，英文解释为“to give someone official permission to do or have something”举个🌰：
Several companies have been licensed to sell these products.
一些公司获得了这些产品的销售许可。
qualify
1）表示“（使）具有资格，（使）合格”，英文解释为“to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or achieve the necessary skills, etc.”举个🌰：
She hopes to qualify (as a teacher) at the end of the year.
她希望在年底获得（教师）资格。
🎬电影《合伙人》（The Company Men）中的台词提到：只靠我的薪水我们不可能再成功申请房贷 We're not going to be able to qualify for another house on just my salary.
The ministry said attempts to evade the regulations include hiring private tutors in the guise of "housekeeping services", "cultural communication" or "live-in tutors" as well as conducting classes in the name of summer camps or study tours.
该部表示，试图逃避法规的行为包括以“家政服务”、“文化传播”或“住家教师”的名义聘请私人家教，以及以夏令营或游学（study tours）的名义进行授课。
guise
表示“表现形式；外貌；伪装；外表”，英文解释为“a way in which sb/sth appears, often in a way that is different from usual or that hides the truth about them/it”举个🌰：
His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism.
他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。
Offline institutions will also not be allowed to conduct online after-school tutoring via instant messaging, video conference or livestreaming platforms, the ministry said.
该部表示，线下机构也不允许通过即时通讯（instant messaging）、网络会议或直播平台进行在线课后辅导。
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