英国计划禁止烹煮活龙虾

近日，据英国媒体报道，英国政府正计划将龙虾、螃蟹、章鱼、鱿鱼等无脊椎动物正式认定为保护动物，因为它们也有痛感和知觉。该计划一旦通过，煮食此类活物的行为也将被禁止英国动物福利慈善机构称，煮食这些动物前，先将其电昏或冷冻更为人道。

无注释原文：

Boiling lobsters alive to be banned under new Government legislation

The Evening Standard

Cooking lobsters by boiling them alive could be banned under animal welfare plans being drawn up by Government ministers.

The Animal Welfare (Sentience) Bill, currently making its way through the House of Lords, only covers animals with a backbone.

But the House is making amendments to the legislation which would mean crabs, lobsters, octopuses, squid and other invertebrates are recognised as sentient beings capable of feeling pain.

It would give them legal protections and stop fishmongers and chefs boiling crustaceans alive. Instead they would have be stunned or chilled before boiling which is believed to be a more humane way of cooking.

Shrink-wrapping live shellfish or posting them is also likely to be banned under the amendment, put forward by Sue Hayman.

It follows a campaign by group Crustacean Compassion, whose supporters include Chris Packham, comedian Bill Bailey and the British Veterinary Association.

The group claims decapod crustaceans can feel pain and suffering and should be included in any new animal welfare legislation.

A clause in the 2006 Animal Welfare Act already provides for their inclusion if “sufficient evidence” of sentience in crustaceans and molluscs is discovered.

The British Veterinary Association said there is a “decade of compelling scientific evidence of their ability to feel pain”.

“Three years ago, in 2018, we delivered our campaign to then-Environment Secretary Michael Gove and were promised a review of the evidence of decapod crustacean sentience,” a spokesman added.

The Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation, whose patrons include the prime minister's wife, Carrie, has also called for the legislation to be broadened.

Boiling sea crustaceans alive is already illegal in several countries, including Norway and New Zealand.

The UK government is yet to publish its the scientific evidence on whether cephalopods and decapods are sentient but is expected to form the basis for the government’s decision.

Maisie Tomlinson, co-director of Crustacean Compassion, told the Times: "It is wonderful to hear that the government is planning to support the inclusion of decapods and cephalopods in the sentience bill.

“There is more than enough evidence for the ability of these sensitive, captivating creatures to feel pain and suffer. They undergo appalling treatment in the food industry."

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Boiling lobsters alive to be banned under new Government legislation

The Evening Standard

Cooking lobsters by boiling them alive could be banned under animal welfare plans being drawn up by Government ministers.

根据政府各部长们正在制定的动物福利计划，烹煮活龙虾可能会被禁止。

表示“龙虾；龙虾肉”，英文解释为“an animal that lives in the sea and has a long body covered with a hard shell, two large claws, and eight legs, or its flesh when used as food”。

The Animal Welfare (Sentience) Bill, currently making its way through the House of Lords, only covers animals with a backbone.

目前正在上议院审议的《动物福利（知觉）法案》只包括脊椎动物。

表示“感觉性；感觉能力；知觉；警觉”，英文解释为“the state or quality of being sentient; awareness”。

表示“（英国议会中的）贵族院，上议院”，英文解释为“one of the two parts of the UK parliament, whose members are not elected but have a high social position, or its members, or the place where it meets”。

表示“脊骨，脊椎”，英文解释为“the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body”。

But the House is making amendments to the legislation which would mean crabs, lobsters, octopuses, squid and other invertebrates are recognised as sentient beings capable of feeling pain.

但上议院正在对立法进行修正，这将意味着螃蟹（crab）、龙虾、章鱼（octopus）、鱿鱼（squid）和其他无脊椎动物被认为是能够感觉到疼痛的生物。

表示“修正案”，英文解释为“An amendment is a section that is added to a law or rule in order to change it.”

invertebrate /ɪnˈvɜːtɪbrɪt/ 表示“无脊椎动物”，英文解释为“an animal with no spine”。

表示“有知觉力的；有感觉力的”，英文解释为“able to experience feelings”举个🌰：

It is hard for a sentient person to understand how any parents could treat their child so badly.

通人情的人很难理解一些父母怎么能如此虐待自己的孩子。

It would give them legal protections and stop fishmongers and chefs boiling crustaceans alive. Instead they would have be stunned or chilled before boiling which is believed to be a more humane way of cooking.

这将为它们提供法律保护，并阻止鱼贩和厨师将甲壳类动物活活煮死。取而代之的是，煮食这些动物前，先将其电昏或冷为人道。

表示“（尤指开店的）鱼贩，鱼商”，英文解释为“someone who sells fish, especially from a shop”。

crustacean /krʌˈsteɪʃən/ 表示“甲壳类动物”，英文解释为“any of various types of animal that live in water and have a hard outer shell”。

表示“使失去知觉，使昏迷；（尤指重击头部）把…打昏”，英文解释为“to make a person or animal unconscious or unable to think normally, especially by hitting their head hard”。

表示“（使）变冷；（使）冷却”，英文解释为“to (cause to) become cold but not freeze”举个🌰：

I've put the beer in the fridge to chill.

我把啤酒放到了冰箱里冰镇一下。

Shrink-wrapping live shellfish or posting them is also likely to be banned under the amendment, put forward by Sue Hayman.

根据苏·海曼（Sue Hayman）提出的修正案，用收缩薄膜包装或者邮寄活的甲壳类水生动物也可能被禁止。

表示“收缩塑料薄膜；保鲜膜”，英文解释为“a thin, transparent plastic material that tightly covers the thing that it is wrapped around, used for protecting goods when they are being transported or sold”。

表示“甲壳类水生动物”，英文解释为“sea creatures that live in shells and are eaten as food, or one of these creatures”举个🌰：

Lobsters, crabs, and oysters are all shellfish.

龙虾、螃蟹和牡蛎都是甲壳类水产品。

表示“邮寄，寄”，英文解释为“to send a letter or parcel by post”举个🌰：

Did you remember to post my letter?

你记得帮我寄信了吗？

It follows a campaign by group Crustacean Compassion, whose supporters include Chris Packham, comedian Bill Bailey and the British Veterinary Association.

此前，甲壳类动物同情组织（Crustacean Compassion）发起了一场运动，其支持者包括克里斯·帕克汉姆（Chris Packham）、喜剧演员比尔·贝利（Bill Bailey）和英国兽医协会。

veterinary /ˈvɛtərɪnərɪ/ 表示“兽医的”，英文解释为“connected with taking care of the health of animals”。

The group claims decapod crustaceans can feel pain and suffering and should be included in any new animal welfare legislation.

该组织呼吁十足目甲壳类动物列入动物福利法，因为这些动物也可以感知到疼痛。

decapod /ˈdɛkəˌpɒd/ 表示“十足目动物；十足目的”，英文解释为“any crustacean of the mostly marine order Decapoda, having five pairs of walking limbs: includes the crabs, lobsters, shrimps, prawns, and crayfish；of, relating to, or belonging to either of these orders”。

A clause in the 2006 Animal Welfare Act already provides for their inclusion if “sufficient evidence” of sentience in crustaceans and molluscs is discovered.

2006年《动物福利法》中的一项条款已经规定，如果发现甲壳动物和软体动物有知觉的“充分证据”，就应将其纳入。

表示“（法律文件等的）条款”，英文解释为“an item in a legal document that says that a particular thing must or must not be done”。

mollusc /ˈmɑːləsk/ 表示“软体动物”，英文解释为“any animal that has a soft body, no spine, and is often covered with a shell. Many molluscs live in water.”

The British Veterinary Association said there is a “decade of compelling scientific evidence of their ability to feel pain”.

英国兽医协会说，有“十年的令人信服的科学证据表明它们能够感受到疼痛。”

1）表示“令人信服的”，英文解释为“A compelling argument or reason is one that convinces you that something is true or that something should be done.”举个🌰：

Factual and forensic evidence makes a suicide verdict the most compelling answer to the mystery of his death.

事实和法庭证据使自杀的判定成为对他死亡之谜最令人信服的解答。

2）表示“引人入胜的”，英文解释为“If you describe something such as a film or book, or someone's appearance, as compelling, you mean you want to keep looking at it or reading it because you find it so interesting.”举个🌰：

Her latest book makes compelling reading.

她新出的书读起来扣人心弦。

“Three years ago, in 2018, we delivered our campaign to then-Environment Secretary Michael Gove and were promised a review of the evidence of decapod crustacean sentience,” a spokesman added.

“三年前，也就是2018年，我们向当时的环境大臣迈克尔·戈夫（Michael Gove）递交了我们的倡议，并被承诺对甲壳类动物的知觉证据进行审查，”一位发言人补充说。

The Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation, whose patrons include the prime minister's wife, Carrie, has also called for the legislation to be broadened.

保守党动物福利基金会（其赞助人包括首相的妻子卡莉）也呼吁扩大立法范围。

表示“赞助者，资助人”，英文解释为“a person or group that supports an activity or organization, especially by giving money”。

Boiling sea crustaceans alive is already illegal in several countries, including Norway and New Zealand.

部分国家，包括挪威（Norway）和新西兰（New Zealand），烹煮活甲壳类海洋已经是非法的。

The UK government is yet to publish its the scientific evidence on whether cephalopods and decapods are sentient but is expected to form the basis for the government's decision.

英国政府尚未公布关于头足类动物和十足类动物是否有知觉的科学证据，但预计将成为政府决策的基础。

cephalopod /ˈsefələpɑːd/ 表示“头足类动物（触须与头直接相连，如乌贼、章鱼）”，英文解释为“an animal such as an octopus or squid, that has tentacles (= long parts like arms) around the head”。

Maisie Tomlinson, co-director of Crustacean Compassion, told the Times: "It is wonderful to hear that the government is planning to support the inclusion of decapods and cephalopods in the sentience bill.

甲壳类动物同情组织的联合主任梅西·汤姆林森（Maisie Tomlinson）告诉《泰晤士报》（Times），“听到政府正计划支持将十足动物和头足动物纳入感知法案，这真是太好了。”

“There is more than enough evidence for the ability of these sensitive, captivating creatures to feel pain and suffer. They undergo appalling treatment in the food industry."

“有足够的证据表明，这些敏感、迷人的生物能够感受到疼痛和痛苦。它们在食品工业中受到了骇人听闻的待遇。”

1）表示“骇人听闻的，令人震惊的；极为恶劣的”，英文解释为“shocking and very bad”如：appalling injuries 惨不忍睹的伤处。

2）表示“极坏的，糟透的”，英文解释为“very bad”如：appalling weather 糟透了的天气。

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