一边说支持，一边仍禁止
近日，据美国食品药品管理局（FDA）近期更新的第99-33进口警示，一系列日本食品仍被禁止进入美国。
无注释原文：
FDA Response to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Facility Incident
from: fda.gov
On April 13, 2021, the Government of Japan announced it has decided to discharge into the ocean the wastewater that is currently being stored on site at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The water, primarily the result of ocean and groundwater seepage through the damaged core reactor, has been treated with the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS) to remove harmful radionuclides such as cesium and strontium, leaving only the mildly radioactive and less harmful isotope, tritium.
Tritium presents an extremely low human and animal health risk if consumed and any health risk would be further minimized with the dilution effects of discharge into the ocean. Furthermore, FDA has no evidence that radionuclides from the Fukushima incident are present in the U.S. food supply at levels that are unsafe or would pose a public health concern and believes this action will have no effect on the safety of foods imported from Japan and U.S. domestic food products, including seafood caught off the U.S. coast.
Scientific experts from interagency advisory teams, including FDA’s representatives to the U.S. Advisory Team for Environment, Food and Health, came to this conclusion after studying the technical aspects and reviewing international reports from interagency bodies that evaluated options for dealing with the waste water. Based on this scientific review as well sampling of foods imported from Japan and U.S. domestic food products, we believe that there would be no impact to human and animal health if the treated wastewater were to be discharged into the ocean, as proposed by Japan. Consequently, FDA is not advising consumers to alter their consumption of specific foods imported from Japan or domestically produced foods, including seafood.
FDA Import Alert # 99-33, which instructs FDA field personnel to detain foods shipments from Japan if the food is likely to contain radionuclide contamination, remains active. In addition, FDA tests for radionuclides as part of its routine surveillance, through the toxic elements in food and foodware monitoring program and through its Total Diet Study.
On top of the information obtained from its testing of imported and domestic foods, FDA stays current on radiation monitoring efforts by other U.S. Government agencies, including the environmental radiation monitoring program (RadNet) conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Additionally, the Agency consults on a formal and informal basis with experts from government, academia and the private sector on radiation safety issues. FDA scientists also keep abreast of scientific publications and reports from both private and public scientific institutions, including oceanographic research institutions. For example, a study published in 2012 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) reported finding very low levels of Cesium in Pacific Bluefin tuna caught by recreational fisherman off the coast of California in August 2011. FDA reviewed this study and determined that the levels of cesium were roughly 300 times lower than levels that would prompt FDA to investigate further to determine if there were a health concern.
FDA also closely monitors information and data from a number of foreign governments and international organizations. This includes monitoring:
· the Japanese government’s food sample testing program
· the import sample testing programs of nations geographically close to Japan that import significant amounts of food from Japan
· Fukushima Dai-ichi incident related activities of international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
FDA continues to pay close attention to the situation at the Fukushima Dai-ichi facility and to use data, and information from the variety of sources described above, including the results of its own testing and surveillance efforts to ensure that any FDA-regulated food with harmful levels of radiation as a result of the Fukushima incident is kept out of the U.S. market.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
FDA Response to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Facility Incident
from: fda.gov
On April 13, 2021, the Government of Japan announced it has decided to discharge into the ocean the wastewater that is currently being stored on site at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The water, primarily the result of ocean and groundwater seepage through the damaged core reactor, has been treated with the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS) to remove harmful radionuclides such as cesium and strontium, leaving only the mildly radioactive and less harmful isotope, tritium.
2021年4月13日，日本政府宣布决定将目前储存在福岛第一核电站现场的废水排入海洋。这些水主要是海洋和地下水通过受损的核心反应堆渗入导致的，废水经过高级液体处理系统（ALPS）处理后，去除铯（cesium）和锶（strontium）等有害放射性核素，只留下了放射性温和、危害性较小的同位素氚（tritium）。
discharge
表示“排出；放出；流出”，英文解释为“when a gas or a liquid discharges or is discharged , or sb discharges it, it flows somewhere”举个🌰：
The factory was fined for discharging chemicals into the river.
这家工厂因往河里排放化学物质而被罚款。
seepage
seepage /ˈsiːpɪdʒ/ 表示“渗；渗透；渗液；渗流”，英文解释为“the process by which a liquid flows slowly and in small quantities through sth; the result of this process”。
reactor
表示“核反应堆”，英文解释为“a large structure used for the controlled production of nuclear energy”。
radionuclide
radionuclide /ˌreɪdɪəʊˈnjuːklaɪd/ 表示“放射性核素”，英文解释为“a nuclide that is radioactive”。
radioactive
表示“放射性的”，英文解释为“Something that is radioactive contains a substance that produces energy in the form of powerful and harmful rays. ”举个🌰：
The government has been storing radioactive waste at Fernald for 50 years.
该政府50年来一直在弗纳德储存放射性废物。
isotope
isotope /ˈaɪsəˌtəʊp/ 表示“同位素”，英文解释为“Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons and therefore have different physical properties.”
Tritium presents an extremely low human and animal health risk if consumed and any health risk would be further minimized with the dilution effects of discharge into the ocean. Furthermore, FDA has no evidence that radionuclides from the Fukushima incident are present in the U.S. food supply at levels that are unsafe or would pose a public health concern and believes this action will have no effect on the safety of foods imported from Japan and U.S. domestic food products, including seafood caught off the U.S. coast.
氚如果被食用，对人类和动物的健康风险极低，而且由于排放到海洋中的稀释作用，任何健康风险将进一步降低。此外，美国食品药品管理局没有证据表明福岛事件中的放射性核素在美国食品供应中存在不安全或会引起公众健康关注的水平，并相信这一行动不会对从日本进口的食品和美国国内食品的安全产生影响，包括在美国沿海捕捞的海产品。
dilution
此处为名词dilution，昨天在美国支持日本福岛污水入海决定文中出现了动词形式dilute表示“稀释；冲淡”，英文解释为“to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it”，举个🌰：
The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade.
这颜料可用水稀释以使色度淡一些。
Scientific experts from interagency advisory teams, including FDA's representatives to the U.S. Advisory Team for Environment, Food and Health, came to this conclusion after studying the technical aspects and reviewing international reports from interagency bodies that evaluated options for dealing with the waste water. Based on this scientific review as well sampling of foods imported from Japan and U.S. domestic food products, we believe that there would be no impact to human and animal health if the treated wastewater were to be discharged into the ocean, as proposed by Japan. Consequently, FDA is not advising consumers to alter their consumption of specific foods imported from Japan or domestically produced foods, including seafood.
来自跨部门咨询小组的科学专家，包括食品药品管理局驻美国环境、食品和健康咨询小组的代表，在研究了技术方面的问题，并审查了跨部门机构评估处理废水方案的国际报告后，得出了这个结论。根据这一科学审查以及对日本进口食品和美国国内食品的抽样调查，我们认为，如果按照日本的建议，将处理后的废水排入海洋，不会对人类和动物的健康造成影响。因此，食品药品管理局不建议消费者改变对日本进口的特定食品或国内生产的食品（包括海产品）的消费。
FDA Import Alert # 99-33, which instructs FDA field personnel to detain foods shipments from Japan if the food is likely to contain radionuclide contamination, remains active. In addition, FDA tests for radionuclides as part of its routine surveillance, through the toxic elements in food and foodware monitoring program and through its Total Diet Study.
食品药品管理局的进口警示#99-33仍然有效，该警示命令食品药品管理局的外勤人员在食品可能含有放射性核素污染的情况下扣留从日本运来的食品。此外，食品药物管理局通过食品和食品器皿中的有毒元素监测计划以及总膳食研究，对放射性核素进行检测，作为其例行监督的一部分。
detain
1）表示“拘留；扣押”，英文解释为“When people such as the police detain someone, they keep them in a place under their control.”举个🌰：
Police have detained two suspects in connection with the attack.
警方拘留了2名与该袭击事件有关的嫌疑人。
2）表示“耽搁；留住；阻留”，英文解释为“To detain someone means to delay them, for example, by talking to them.”举个🌰：
"Thank you. We won't detain you any further."
“谢谢您。我们不再耽搁您了。”
contamination
表示“污染，玷污；污染物”，英文解释为“something that contaminates”；contaminate作动词，表示“污染；弄脏”，英文解释为“to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease”举个🌰：
The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.
饮用水被铅污染了。
On top of the information obtained from its testing of imported and domestic foods, FDA stays current on radiation monitoring efforts by other U.S. Government agencies, including the environmental radiation monitoring program (RadNet) conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Additionally, the Agency consults on a formal and informal basis with experts from government, academia and the private sector on radiation safety issues.
除了从进口和国内食品检测中获得的信息外，食品药品管理局还一直关注美国其他政府机构的辐射监测工作，包括环境保护局（EPA）开展的环境辐射监测计划（RadNet）。此外，该局还就辐射安全问题与政府、学术界和私营部门的专家进行正式和非正式的磋商。
FDA scientists also keep abreast of scientific publications and reports from both private and public scientific institutions, including oceanographic research institutions. For example, a study published in 2012 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) reported finding very low levels of Cesium in Pacific Bluefin tuna caught by recreational fisherman off the coast of California in August 2011. FDA reviewed this study and determined that the levels of cesium were roughly 300 times lower than levels that would prompt FDA to investigate further to determine if there were a health concern.
食品药品管理局的科学家还随时了解私营和公共科学机构，包括海洋研究机构的科学出版物和报告。例如，2012年发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）上的一项研究报告发现，2011年8月，业余渔民在加利福尼亚（California）沿海捕捞的太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼（Bluefin tuna）中的铯含量较低。美国食品药品管理局审查了这项研究，并确定铯含量比促使食品药品管理局进一步调查以确定是否存在健康问题的含量低大约300倍。
keep abreast of
表示“了解最新情况；跟上（某事物的发展）”，英文解释为“to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about a subject”举个🌰：
It is almost impossible to keep abreast of all the latest developments in computing.
要跟上计算机领域所有最新的发展几乎不可能。
recreational
表示“娱乐的；消遣的”，英文解释为“connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working”如：recreational activities/facilities 娱乐活动/设施。
FDA also closely monitors information and data from a number of foreign governments and international organizations. This includes monitoring:
FDA还密切监测来自一些外国政府和国际组织的信息和数据。这包括监测：
· the Japanese government's food sample testing program
- 日本政府的食品样本检测计划
· the import sample testing programs of nations geographically close to Japan that import significant amounts of food from Japan
- 对从日本进口大量食品的邻近国家实施的进口样品检测计划
· Fukushima Dai-ichi incident related activities of international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
- 国际原子能机构（IAEA）等国际组织与福岛第一核电站事件有关的活动。
FDA continues to pay close attention to the situation at the Fukushima Dai-ichi facility and to use data, and information from the variety of sources described above, including the results of its own testing and surveillance efforts to ensure that any FDA-regulated food with harmful levels of radiation as a result of the Fukushima incident is kept out of the U.S. market.
食品药品管理局继续密切关注福岛第一核电站的情况，并利用上述各种来源的数据和信息，包括其自身的测试和监测工作的结果，以确保因福岛事件而产生的任何受食品药品管理局管制的有害辐射水平的食品不进入美国市场。
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