阿里巴巴集团被罚182.28亿元

今天，市场监管总局依法对阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司在中国境内网络零售平台服务市场实施"二选一"垄断行为作出行政处罚，处以其2019年中国境内销售额4557.12亿元4%的罚款，计182.28亿元。

无注释原文：

China Fines Alibaba Record $2.8 Billion After Monopoly Probe

Bloomberg

China slapped a record $2.8 billion fine on Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. after an anti-monopoly probe found it abused its market dominance, as Beijing clamps down on its internet giants.

The 18.2 billion yuan penalty is triple the previous high of almost $1 billion that U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm Inc. had to pay in 2015, and was based on 4% of Alibaba’s 2019 domestic revenue, according to China’s antitrust watchdog. The company will also have to initiate “comprehensive rectifications,” from protecting merchants and customers to strengthening internal controls, the agency said in a statement on Saturday.

The fine -- about 12% of Alibaba’s fiscal 2020 net income -- helps remove some of the uncertainty that’s hung over China’s second-largest corporation. But Beijing remains intent on reining in its internet and fintech giants and is said to be scrutinizing other parts of billionaire founder Jack Ma’s empire, including Ant Group Co.’s consumer-lending businesses and Alibaba’s extensive media holdings.

Alibaba used its platform rules and technical methods like data and algorithms “to maintain and strengthen its own market power and obtain improper competitive advantage,” the State Administration for Market Regulation concluded in its investigation. The company will likely have to change a raft of practices, like merchant exclusivity, which critics say helped it become China’s largest e-commerce operation.

“The high fine puts the regulator in the media spotlight and sends a strong signal to the tech sector that such types of exclusionary conduct will no longer be tolerated,” said Angela Zhang, author of “Chinese Antitrust Exceptionalism” and director of Centre for Chinese Law at the University of Hong Kong. “It’s a stone that kills two birds.”

Alibaba’s practice of imposing a “pick one from two” choice on merchants “shuts out and restricts competition“ in the domestic online retail market, according to the statement.

The government action sends a clear warning to the tech sector as the government scrutinizes the influence that companies like Alibaba and social media giant Tencent Holdings Ltd. wield over spheres from consumer data to mergers and acquisitions.

Alibaba said it will hold a conference call Monday morning Hong Kong time to address lingering questions around the antitrust watchdog’s decree.

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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

China Fines Alibaba Record $2.8 Billion After Monopoly Probe

Bloomberg

China slapped a record $2.8 billion fine on Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. after an anti-monopoly probe found it abused its market dominance, as Beijing clamps down on its internet giants.

中国对阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司处以创纪录的28亿美元罚款，此前的一项反垄断调查发现，阿里巴巴滥用其市场支配地位，中国正在对其互联网巨头进行打压。

monopoly /məˈnɒpəlɪ/ 表示“垄断；专营服务；被垄断的商品（或服务）”，英文解释为“the complete control of trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular service; a type of goods or a service that is controlled in this way”举个🌰：

Electricity, gas and water were considered to be natural monopolies.

电、煤气和水垄断经营过去被认为是理所当然的。 

slap sth on sb/sth 表示“（无理地或者盲目地）强加；强制实行”，英文解释为“If journalists say that the authorities slap something such as a tax or a ban onsomething, they think it is unreasonable or put on without careful thought.”举个🌰：

The government slapped a ban on the export of unprocessed logs.

政府强制禁止出口未加工过的木料。

作形容词，表示“创纪录的；空前的”，英文解释为“You use record to say that something is higher, lower, better, or worse than has ever been achieved before.”举个🌰：

Profits were at record levels.

利润水平是创纪录的。

在恏渏 亾類哋夲能文中提到了probe作名词有“探索；探查；查究；调查”的意思，英文解释为“an attempt to discover information by asking a lot of questions”，如：an FBI probe into corruption 联邦调查局对腐败的调查；也可以指“（医生或科学家用的）探针”，英文解释为“a long thin metal instrument that doctors and scientists use to examine parts of the body”。

📍probe还可以解释为“探测器”，英文解释为：a device that is put inside something to test or record information. 如：a space probe 航天探测器/太空探测器。

🎬电影《像素大战》（Pixels）中的台词提到：That videotape will be placed in a space probe 录影带将放在太空探测器中。

表示“滥用”，英文解释为“If you abuse something, you use it in a wrong way or for a bad purpose.”举个🌰：

He showed how the rich and powerful can abuse their position.

他揭露了有钱有势的人会如何滥用他们的地位。

表示“优势；统治地位”，英文解释为“The dominance of a particular person or thing is the fact that they are more powerful, successful, or important than other people or things.”举个🌰：

The latest fighting appears to be an attempt by each group to establish dominance over the other.

最近的战斗似乎是冲突各方在试图争夺控制权。

表示“取缔；严加限制；强行限制；压制；严厉打击（犯罪等）”，英文解释为“to take strict action in order to prevent sth, especially crime”如：a campaign by police to clamp down on street crime 警方严厉打击街头犯罪的运动，举个🌰：

The government is clamping down on teenage drinking.

政府严禁青少年饮酒。

The 18.2 billion yuan penalty is triple the previous high of almost $1 billion that U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm Inc. had to pay in 2015, and was based on 4% of Alibaba’s 2019 domestic revenue, according to China’s antitrust watchdog. The company will also have to initiate “comprehensive rectifications,” from protecting merchants and customers to strengthening internal controls, the agency said in a statement on Saturday.

根据中国反垄断监督机构的数据，182亿元人民币的罚金是美国芯片制造商高通（Qualcomm）公司2015年必须支付的近10亿美元的前高额罚金的三倍，是根据阿里巴巴2019年国内收入的4%计算的。该机构周六在一份声明中表示，该公司还必须从保护商家和消费者到加强内部控制等方面启动“全面整改“。

表示“惩罚”，英文解释为“The penalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result.”举个🌰：

Why should I pay the penalty for somebody else's mistake?

我为什么要为别人的错误而接受惩罚呢？

表示“（监督公司活动及监护人们权利的）监察人，监察团体；监察员；监察委员会”，英文解释为“A watchdog is a person or committee whose job is to make sure that companies do not act illegally or irresponsibly.”如：an anticrime watchdog group funded by New York businesses 一个由纽约商界资助的反犯罪监察组织。

表示“使开始；发起”，英文解释为“If you initiate something, you start it or cause it to happen.”举个🌰：

They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.

他们想发起一次关于经济学的讨论。

表示“矫正，改正”，英文解释为“The rectification of something that is wrong is the act of changing it to make it correct or satisfactory.”

merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ 表示“商人；批发商；（尤指）进出口批发商”，英文解释为“a person who buys and sells goods in large quantities, especially one who imports and exports goods”如：builders' merchants (= who sell supplies to the building trade) 建材批发商。

The fine -- about 12% of Alibaba’s fiscal 2020 net income -- helps remove some of the uncertainty that’s hung over China’s second-largest corporation. But Beijing remains intent on reining in its internet and fintech giants and is said to be scrutinizing other parts of billionaire founder Jack Ma’s empire, including Ant Group Co.’s consumer-lending businesses and Alibaba’s extensive media holdings.

这笔罚款--约占阿里巴巴2020财年净收入的12%--有助于消除笼罩在中国第二大企业头上的一些不确定性。但中国政府仍有意收敛其互联网和金融科技巨头，据说还在审查亿万富翁创始人马云的集团的其他部分，包括蚂蚁科技集团股份有限公司的消费贷款业务和阿里巴巴广泛的媒体控股。

表示“财政的”，英文解释为“Fiscal is used to describe something that relates to government money or public money, especially taxes.”

表示“使忧心忡忡；担心可能发生；笼罩”，英文解释为“if sth bad or unpleasant is hanging over you, you think about it and worry about it a lot because it is happening or might happen”举个🌰：

The possibility of a court case is still hanging over her.

可能被告上法庭的阴影依然笼罩在她的心头。

表示“坚决的”，英文解释为“If you are intent on doing something, you are eager and determined to do it.” 通常用法be intent on sth/doing sth，执意要做；决意要达成，举个🌰：

I've tried persuading her not to go but she's intent on it.

我试图劝她不要去，但她坚决要去。

表示“抑制；控制；约束”，英文解释为“to control an emotion, activity, or situation to prevent it from becoming too powerful”举个🌰：

Reports today suggest consumers are already reining back spending.

今天发表的调查报告显示，消费者已经开始控制花销。

表示“仔细察看，审查”，英文解释为“If you scrutinize something, you examine it very carefully, often to find out some information from it or about it.”举个🌰：

Her purpose was to scrutinize his features to see if he was an honest man. 

她的目的是仔细察看他的特征看他是不是个诚实的人。

表示“持有的股份”，英文解释为“If you have a holding in a company, you own shares in it.”举个🌰：

That would increase Olympia & York's holding to 35%. 

这将使奥林匹亚约克公司的持有股增加至35%。

Alibaba used its platform rules and technical methods like data and algorithms “to maintain and strengthen its own market power and obtain improper competitive advantage,” the State Administration for Market Regulation concluded in its investigation. The company will likely have to change a raft of practices, like merchant exclusivity, which critics say helped it become China’s largest e-commerce operation.

国家市场监管总局在调查中得出结论，阿里巴巴利用其平台规则和数据、算法等技术手段，“维护和加强自身市场力量，获得不正当竞争优势”。该公司可能将不得不改变一系列做法，比如商家排他权，批评人士称这帮助它成为中国最大的电子商务运营公司。

表示“大量；许多”，英文解释为“~ of sth ( informal ) a large number or amount of sth”，如：a whole raft of new proposals 大量新的提议。

表示“排他性；专有权；独特性”，英文解释为“the quality of being exclusive”举个🌰：

The resort still preserves a feeling of exclusivity.

这个度假胜地仍然保持着极少部分人专享的情调。

“The high fine puts the regulator in the media spotlight and sends a strong signal to the tech sector that such types of exclusionary conduct will no longer be tolerated,” said Angela Zhang, author of “Chinese Antitrust Exceptionalism” and director of Centre for Chinese Law at the University of Hong Kong. “It’s a stone that kills two birds.”

“高额罚款让监管机构成为媒体的焦点，并向科技行业发出了一个强烈的信号，即此类排他性行为将不再被容忍，”《中国反垄断例外论》（Chinese Antitrust Exceptionalism）的作者、香港大学中国法研究中心主任张湖月说。“这是一石二鸟”。

表示“排除（某些人）在外的”，英文解释为“Something that is exclusionary excludes a particular person or group of people.”如：exclusionary business practices 排外的商业行为。

表示“例外论，例外主义；对其它国家、文化等的一种态度，认为自己的国家或文化在很多重要方面不同并优越于其它国家或其文化”，英文解释为“an attitude to other countries, cultures, etc based on the idea of being quite distinct from, and often superior to, them in vital ways ”。

表示“一石二鸟，一举两得”，英文解释为“to succeed in achieving two things in a single action”举个🌰：

I killed two birds with one stone and picked the kids up on the way to the supermarket.

我在去超市的路上顺便接了孩子，一举两得。

Alibaba’s practice of imposing a “pick one from two” choice on merchants “shuts out and restricts competition“ in the domestic online retail market, according to the statement.

声明称，阿里巴巴对商家实行“二选一”的做法，“排除、限制了中国境内网络零售市场的竞争”。

表示“使…不能进入；挡住；遮住”，英文解释为“to prevent sb/sth from entering a place”如：sunglasses that shut out 99% of the sun's harmful rays 能遮挡99%的太阳有害射线的太阳镜。

The government action sends a clear warning to the tech sector as the government scrutinizes the influence that companies like Alibaba and social media giant Tencent Holdings Ltd. wield over spheres from consumer data to mergers and acquisitions.

政府的行动向科技行业发出了明确的警告，因为政府正在仔细审查阿里巴巴和社交媒体巨头腾讯控股有限公司等公司对从消费者数据到并购等领域施加的影响力。

表示“拥有，运用，行使，支配（权力等）”，英文解释为“to have and use power, authority, etc.”举个🌰：

He wields little power at the company.

他在公司内没有什么权力。

2）表示“挥，操，使用（武器、工具等）”，英文解释为“to hold sth, ready to use it as a weapon or tool”举个🌰：

He was wielding a large knife.

他挥舞着一把大刀。

🎬电影《灵魂战车2：复仇时刻》（Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance）中的台词提到：can wield the power, without burning itself up. 可以支配力量  但不伤及自身。

🎬电影《神奇女侠》（Wonder Woman）中的台词提到：Who would wield it? 谁能够使用呢/谁会挥舞它呢？

🎬电影《诸神之战》（Clash of the Titans）中的台词提到：You vowed to your wife you'd never let Helius wield a sword. 你曾对你的妻子发誓 你永远不会让赫利俄斯使用武器。

表示“范围；领域；阶层；界”，英文解释为“an area of activity, influence or interest; a particular section of society”，如：如：the sphere of international politics 国际政治领域，different social spheres 不同的社会圈子，举个🌰：

He and I moved in totally different social spheres.

我和他处在完全不同的社会圈子里。

表示“企业并购”，Mergers and acquisitions通常缩写为M&A，即企业并购，包括兼并和收购两层含义、两种方式。

Alibaba said it will hold a conference call Monday morning Hong Kong time to address lingering questions around the antitrust watchdog’s decree.

阿里巴巴表示，将于香港时间周一上午召开电话会议，以解决围绕反垄断监督机构法令的挥之不去的问题。

表示“拖延的；缠绵的；缓慢消失的；迟迟不去的”，英文解释为“slow to end or disappear ”如：a last lingering look 依依不舍的最后一瞥。

表示“法令；政令；裁定；判决”，英文解释为“A decree is an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country.”

“China’s record fine on Alibaba may lift the regulatory overhang that has weighed on the company since the start of an anti-monopoly probe in late December,” Bloomberg Intelligence analysts Vey-Sern Ling and Tiffany Tam said, describing the fine as a small price to pay to do away with that uncertainty.

彭博智库分析师Vey-Sern Ling和Tiffany Tam表示：“中国对阿里巴巴创纪录的罚款可能会解除自12月底开始反垄断调查以来压在该公司身上的监管悬念。”他们将罚款描述为消除这种不确定性的一个小代价。

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