袁姗姗向张小斐道歉
近日，有网友发现@袁姗姗 此前在节目中提及@张小斐0110 打呼噜一事，引发热议。对此，袁姗姗发文道歉：“是我的不妥没掌握好分寸”。
借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们来看看《今日心理学》（Psychology Today）关于打呼噜的文章。
无注释原文：
When Snoring Isn't Just a Nuisance
Psychology Today
I hear it all the time with my insomnia patients: “I can’t fall asleep because I hear my spouse snoring. So much.” Although I’m focused on treating the patient sitting in front of me, I also am concerned about the snoring of the spouse as it could be a sign of something more serious such as sleep apnea.
When we fall asleep, the muscles in our body, including our throat and airway, relax. As these muscles loosen, the airway can become narrowed or completely blocked, leading to pauses in breathing, often longer than 10 seconds at a time. Almost everyone has a brief pause in breathing during sleep, but those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) — the most common form of sleep apnea, which affects over 25 million Americans — have more reasons for concern. Constant pauses in breathing then leads to decreases in oxygen throughout the night.
Sleep apnea is diagnosed when there are several complete or partial cessations in breathing (aka apneas) per hour, with mild being between 5 to 15 apneas per hour, moderate at 15 to 30 apneas and severe being 30 or more. Yes, that's right, I said per hour. Many people who have sleep apnea have no clue that they have it since they don't hear themselves snoring at night. I like to call OSA a "silent(ish)" disease. The snoring is more often a bigger annoyance for the bed partner, with the actual snorer not knowing it’s even happening.
Although being overweight increases your risk of developing OSA, you needn't necessarily be overweight. The most common risk factors include being a male, over 40 years old, having a large neck, gastroesophageal reflux, allergies, sinus problems or a deviated septum. The snoring in people with OSA is caused by air trying to squeeze through a narrowed airway. The most common symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea include loud snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, stops/pauses in breathing, waking up in the morning with a headache or dry mouth, heartburn, using the bathroom a lot at night and trouble staying asleep.
If your sleep is being disrupted even five times an hour on average throughout the night due to pauses or cessations in breathing, your body isn't getting the necessary oxygen it needs on a consistent nightly basis. On top of that, you aren't having continuous, restorative sleep, which can have multiple consequences including, but not limited to: problems with memory, motor control, energy, mood, attention and concentration.
The current gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea is positive airway pressure, or PAP—a small machine that sits on the bedside table. Attached to the CPAP base machine is a hose and mask, which the patient wears while sleeping. PAP gently blows air through the hose, keeping the airway open when the patient falls asleep and the muscles relax. Essentially, it works as a splint for the airway, keeping it open through the use of blowing air; in many patients, it dramatically reduces the number of apneas throughout the night. Other treatments are available based on the severity of the patient’s apnea. These include: weight loss, dental appliances, sleeping on your side or stomach, or even surgery.
A 2014 study in the journal Sleep investigated changes in the brain’s structures before and after CPAP treatment, hypothesizing that effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea improved cognitive functioning and brain structures over time. The researchers investigated 17 never-before-treated obstructive sleep apnea patients and compared them to healthy matched control participants. They looked at the integrity of the brain’s white matter using diffusion tensor imaging and measured cognitive performance using neuropsychological testing. Obstructive sleep apnea patients in the treatment group were immediately started on CPAP and were evaluated before treatment, three months into treatment and 12 months into treatment. The results were quite striking: with 12 months of regular CPAP use, an "almost complete reversal" of white matter abnormalities was observed in patients, with significant improvements in memory, executive-functioning and attention.
This study is just one of many over the past two decades to demonstrate the significant impact that obstructive sleep apnea has on both the mind and body. Effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is crucial for health and can lead to many vast improvements when the proper treatment is applied over time.
If you think you—or your bed partner—has sleep apnea, consider scheduling an evaluation with a sleep medicine specialist. Early recognition and treatment can help improve your overall quality of life.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
When Snoring Isn't Just a Nuisance
Psychology Today
I hear it all the time with my insomnia patients: “I can’t fall asleep because I hear my spouse snoring. So much.” Although I’m focused on treating the patient sitting in front of me, I also am concerned about the snoring of the spouse as it could be a sign of something more serious such as sleep apnea.
我经常听到我的失眠症患者这样说。“我无法入睡，因为我听到我的配偶打鼾。”虽然我专注于治疗坐在我面前的病人，但我也担心配偶的鼾声，因为这可能是更严重的信号，比如睡眠呼吸中止症。
insomnia
insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmnɪə/ 表示“失眠”，英文解释为“someone who suffers from insomnia finds it difficult to”。
打鼾，打呼噜
snore可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“打呼噜，打鼾”，英文解释为“to breathe in a very noisy way while you are sleeping”举个🌰：
Sometimes my husband snores so loudly, it keeps me awake at night.
有时候我丈夫打鼾太响，弄得我整夜无法入睡。
sleep apnea
也拼作sleep apnoea，表示“睡眠中呼吸暂停”，英文解释为“a medical condition in which someone stops breathing for a short time when sleeping”。睡眠呼吸暂停（又译作睡眠呼吸中止症或睡眠窒息症）是一种在睡眠期间，暂停呼吸或呼吸减弱症状导致的睡眠紊乱。
When we fall asleep, the muscles in our body, including our throat and airway, relax. As these muscles loosen, the airway can become narrowed or completely blocked, leading to pauses in breathing, often longer than 10 seconds at a time. Almost everyone has a brief pause in breathing during sleep, but those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) — the most common form of sleep apnea, which affects over 25 million Americans — have more reasons for concern. Constant pauses in breathing then leads to decreases in oxygen throughout the night.
当我们入睡时，我们身体的肌肉，包括喉咙和气管都会放松。随着这些肌肉的松弛，气道会变得狭窄或完全堵塞，导致呼吸暂停，每次暂停的时间往往超过10秒。在睡眠期间几乎每个人都有短暂的呼吸暂停，但阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症（OSA） - 睡眠呼吸中止症最常见的形式，影响超过 2500 万美国人 - 值得更多关注。不断地中止呼吸将导致整个晚上的氧气减少。
Sleep apnea is diagnosed when there are several complete or partial cessations in breathing (aka apneas) per hour, with mild being between 5 to 15 apneas per hour, moderate at 15 to 30 apneas and severe being 30 or more. Yes, that's right, I said per hour. Many people who have sleep apnea have no clue that they have it since they don't hear themselves snoring at night. I like to call OSA a "silent(ish)" disease. The snoring is more often a bigger annoyance for the bed partner, with the actual snorer not knowing it’s even happening.
若每小时有若干次完全或部分停止呼吸 （又名呼吸中止）将被确诊为睡眠呼吸中止症；轻症为每小时呼吸中止5至15次，中度症状为15至30次，重症为超过30次。是的，没错，我说的是每小时。很多有睡眠呼吸中止症的人并不知道自己有这个病症，因为他们晚上听不到自己打鼾的声音。我喜欢把OSA称为一种（像是）“无声”的疾病。鼾声更多的时候是床伴更大的烦恼，实际打鼾者甚至不知道它的发生。
cessation
表示“结束，停止；中断，中止”，英文解释为“ending or stopping”举个🌰：
They have called for a total cessation of the bombing campaign.
他们呼吁彻底停止这场轰炸行动。
have no clue/not have a clue
表示“毫无头绪；毫不理解；一无所知”，英文解释为“to be completely unable to guess, understand, or deal with something”举个🌰：
"Who invented algebra?" "I don't have a clue."
“代数是谁发明的？”“我压根儿不知道。”
-ish
1）表示“（构成形容词）…一样的，…似的”，英文解释为“used to form adjectives that say what a person, thing, or action is like”如：foolish 傻子似的，childish 孩子气的。
2）表示“（构成形容词）大约，部分，有点儿…，相当”，英文解释为“used to form adjectives to give the meaning to some degree; fairly”举个🌰：
She was oldish - about 60, I'd say.
我想，她有点儿上年纪了——大约60岁。
Although being overweight increases your risk of developing OSA, you needn't necessarily be overweight. The most common risk factors include being a male, over 40 years old, having a large neck, gastroesophageal reflux, allergies, sinus problems or a deviated septum. The snoring in people with OSA is caused by air trying to squeeze through a narrowed airway. The most common symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea include loud snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, stops/pauses in breathing, waking up in the morning with a headache or dry mouth, heartburn, using the bathroom a lot at night and trouble staying asleep.
虽然肥胖会增加患OSA的风险，但打鼾不一定就是因为肥胖。最常见的风险因素包括男性、年龄超过40岁、脖子粗大、胃食管反流、过敏、鼻窦问题或鼻中隔偏曲。OSA患者的打鼾是由于空气试图挤过狭窄的气道造成的。阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症最常见的症状包括响亮的鼾声、白天过度困倦、呼吸停止/暂停、早上醒来时头痛或口干、胃灼热、晚上经常上厕所和难以入睡。
gastroesophageal reflux
gastroesophageal reflux 表示“胃食道逆流”，英文解释为“a chronic disease where stomach acid goes up into the oesophagus (= the tube through which food passes to the stomach) causing inflammation and pain”。
sinus /ˈsaɪnəs/
表示“窦，鼻窦”，英文解释为“any of the spaces inside the head that are connected to the back of the nose”。
squeeze
1）表示“（困难地）挤进，挤过”，英文解释为“to get in, through, under, etc. with difficulty”举个🌰：
She squeezed through the crowd and found a seat at the front.
她从人群中挤过去，在前面找了个座位。
2）表示“挤压；捏”，英文解释为“to press sth firmly, especially with your fingers”如：to squeeze a tube of toothpaste 挤牙膏，举个🌰：
He squeezed her arm reassuringly.
他安慰地捏了捏她的手臂。
🎬电影《今晚带我回家》（Take Me Home Tonight）中的台词提到：Come on, punch it up. punch. and squeeze real tight 来 击个拳 击拳 然后握紧。
heartburn
表示“（消化不良引起的）胃灼热，烧心”，英文解释为“a painful burning feeling in the lower chest caused by the stomach not digesting food correctly”。
If your sleep is being disrupted even five times an hour on average throughout the night due to pauses or cessations in breathing, your body isn't getting the necessary oxygen it needs on a consistent nightly basis. On top of that, you aren't having continuous, restorative sleep, which can have multiple consequences including, but not limited to: problems with memory, motor control, energy, mood, attention and concentration.
如果你的睡眠因呼吸的暂停或停止而被打乱，甚至是平均每小时五次，你的身体就无法获得每晚持续所需的必要氧气。最重要的是，你没有连续的、恢复性的睡眠，这可能会产生多种后果，包括但不限于：记忆力、运动控制、能量、情绪、注意力和集中力等方面的问题。
The current gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea is positive airway pressure, or PAP—a small machine that sits on the bedside table. Attached to the CPAP base machine is a hose and mask, which the patient wears while sleeping. PAP gently blows air through the hose, keeping the airway open when the patient falls asleep and the muscles relax. Essentially, it works as a splint for the airway, keeping it open through the use of blowing air; in many patients, it dramatically reduces the number of apneas throughout the night. Other treatments are available based on the severity of the patient’s apnea. These include: weight loss, dental appliances, sleeping on your side or stomach, or even surgery.
目前治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的“金标准”治疗方法是气道正压通气（PAP），又称正压呼吸机--一台放在床头柜上的小型机器。持续气道正压通气（CPAP）底座机器上连接着软管和面罩，病人睡觉时戴着。PAP通过软管轻轻地吹出空气，当病人睡着后，肌肉放松时，保持气道开放。本质上，它的作用是作为气道的夹板，通过吹气来保持气道的开放；在许多患者中，它显著地减少了整夜的呼吸暂停次数。根据患者呼吸暂停的严重程度，还可以采用其他治疗方法。这些方法包括：减肥、牙科器械、侧睡或趴睡，甚至手术。
注：所谓“金标准”是指当前临床医学界公认的诊断疾病的最可靠方法。
hose
表示“（灭火、浇灌花园等用的）软管，水龙带”，英文解释为“a long plastic or rubber pipe, used to direct water onto fires, gardens, etc.”
splint
表示“（固定断骨的）夹板”，英文解释为“a long, flat object used as a support for a broken bone so that the bone stays in a particular position while it heals”举个🌰：
The doctor put a splint on the arm and bandaged it up.
医生给胳膊上了夹板，并用绷带包扎固定。
If you think you—or your bed partner—has sleep apnea, consider scheduling an evaluation with a sleep medicine specialist. Early recognition and treatment can help improve your overall quality of life.
如果您认为您或您的床伴患有睡眠呼吸中止症，请考虑安排睡眠医学专家进行评估。早期识别和治疗可以帮助提高您的整体生活质量。
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