该不该实施教育惩戒？

近日，教育部颁布《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》 。其中提到，在确有必要的情况下，学校、教师可以在学生存在不服从、扰乱秩序等情形时实施教育惩戒。

据了解，规则将于2021年3月1日起实施。一般教育惩戒适用于违规违纪情节轻微的学生，包括点名批评、做口头或者书面检讨、增加额外教学或者班级公益服务任务、一节课堂教学时间内的教室内站立、课后教导等。

无注释原文：

On Spanking and Abuse

The New York Times

According to reports about the Adrian Peterson felony abuse indictment, Peterson’s 4-year-old son pushed another of Peterson’s sons off a video game. Peterson then retrieved a tree branch — called a “switch” — stripped off its leaves, shoved leaves into the boy’s mouth and beat him with his pants down until he bled.

According to a CBS affiliate in Houston, Peterson texted the boy’s mother that she would be “mad at me about his legs.”

He also reportedly texted that he “felt bad after the fact when I notice the switch was wrapping around hitting I (sic) thigh” and “But I felt so bad, n I’m all tearing that butt up when needed! I start putting them in timeout. N save the whooping for needed memories!”

But the boy reportedly said, “Daddy Peterson hit me on my face,” that his father “likes belts and switches,” that “there are a lot of belts in Daddy’s closet,” and that he “has a whooping room.”

Spanking is not against the law in America — although some argue that it should be, as it is in Sweden and some other countries — but, as with most things in life, there are degrees beyond which even something that is generally acceptable, or at least legal, crosses a threshold and becomes not so.

This seems, on its face, from what we now know, a case in which the limits have most likely been exceeded.

Peterson released a statement that read, in part:

“I have to live with the fact that when I disciplined my son the way I was disciplined as a child, I caused an injury that I never intended or thought would happen. I know that many people disagree with the way I disciplined my child. I also understand after meeting with a psychologist that there are other alternative ways of disciplining a child that may be more appropriate.”

It is good that Peterson met with a psychologist and learned alternative disciplinary methods, but that doesn’t heal the child’s wounds, and the fact that Peterson may have been abused in this way does not make it acceptable to pass on the abuse to his own children.

He continued, setting up an even more dangerous proposition:

“I have learned a lot and have had to re-evaluate how I discipline my son going forward. But deep in my heart I have always believed I could have been one of those kids that was lost in the streets without the discipline instilled in me by my parents and other relatives. I have always believed that the way my parents disciplined me has a great deal to do with the success I have enjoyed as a man. I love my son and I will continue to become a better parent and learn from any mistakes I ever make.”

When we promulgate the notion that our success is directly measurable to the violence visited on our bodies as children, we reinforce a societal supposition that pain is an instrument of love, and establish a false binary between the streets and the strap.

I take Peterson at his word that he loves his son, but the drawing of blood isn’t an expression of love. Love doesn’t look like that. That looks like an expression of anger and exasperation that morphs into abuse.

I understand the reasoning that undergirds much of this thinking about spanking: Better to feel the pain of being punished by someone in the home who loves you than by someone outside the home who doesn’t.

But that logic simply doesn’t hold up.

As the nonpartisan research group Child Trends pointed out in a report last year:

“Use of corporal punishment is linked to negative outcomes for children (e.g., delinquency, antisocial behavior, psychological problems, and alcohol and drug abuse), and may be indicative of ineffective parenting. Research also finds that the number of problem behaviors observed in adolescence is related to the amount of spanking a child receives. The greater the age of the child, the stronger the relationship.

“Positive child outcomes are more likely when parents refrain from using spanking and other physical punishment, and instead discipline their children through communication that is firm, reasoned and nurturing. Studies find this type of discipline can foster positive psychological outcomes, such as high self-esteem and cooperation with others, as well as improved achievement in school.”

The group also pointed out just how pervasive the practice is:

“In 2012, according to a nationally representative survey, 77 percent of men, and 65 percent of women 18 to 65 years old agreed that a child sometimes needs a ‘good hard spanking.’ ”

The group continued:

“One of the most frequently used strategies to discipline a child, especially a younger child, is spanking. About 94 percent of parents of children ages 3 to 4 in the United States report having spanked their children in the previous year.”

Spanking is an age-old disciplinary technique, so turning the tide against it may be difficult. Some people even argue that it’s a necessary tool in a parent’s arsenal of options.

I think we need to reconsider that.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

On Spanking and Abuse

孩子不乖就该打屁股？

The New York Times

According to reports about the Adrian Peterson felony abuse indictment, Peterson's 4-year-old son pushed another of Peterson's sons off a video game. Peterson then retrieved a tree branch — called a “switch” — stripped off its leaves, shoved leaves into the boy's mouth and beat him with his pants down until he bled.

阿德里安·彼得森（Adrian Peterson）因为殴打孩子而被控以重罪，相关的新闻报道称，彼得森四岁的儿子把他的另一个儿子从游戏机前推开，之后彼得森拿来了一根树枝，他说是“细枝”，扯下了叶子、把叶子塞进儿子嘴里，又把儿子的裤子扒下来殴打，直到出血。

表示“重罪；重刑罪”，英文解释为“the act of committing a serious crime such as murder or rape ; a crime of this type”。

1）表示“起诉书；公诉书”，英文解释为“a formal statement of accusing someone”举个🌰：

The charges on the indictment include murder and attempted murder.

起诉书上的指控包括谋杀罪及谋杀未遂罪。

2）表示“控诉；谴责”，英文解释为“a sign that a policy, system, society, etc. is bad or wrong”举个🌰：

This seems to me to be a damning indictment of the education policy.

我觉得这似乎应看作是对教育政策的一种深刻谴责。

📺美剧《邻家女特工》（Covert Affairs）第三季中的台词提到：Why are you turning this amazing news into an indictment? 为何要让这个惊喜的消息变成一场控诉呢？

表示“找回；收回，取回”，英文解释为“to find something and bring it back”，举个🌰：

It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash.

花了四天时间才找回所有遇难者的尸体。

📍recover表示“重新获得；寻回”，英文解释为“to get back something that was taken from you, lost, or almost destroyed”，举个🌰：

Two bodies were recovered from the wreckage.

残骸中找到了两具尸体。

1）表示“树枝”，英文解释为“one of the parts of a tree that grows out from the main trunk and has leaves, flowers, or fruit on it”；

2）表示“支流；支路；支线”，英文解释为“a smaller or less important part of a river, road, railway/railroad, etc. that leads away from the main part”如：a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流。

也有“（细软）枝条；鞭子”的意思，英文解释为“a thin stick that bends easily”。

表示“除去，剥除，撕掉（外皮或表层）”，英文解释为“to remove, pull, or tear the covering or outer layer from something”举个🌰：

The paintwork was so bad that we decided to strip off all the paint and start again.

漆面太糟，我们决定铲去所有的油漆，重漆一遍。

shove /ʃʌv/表示“乱放；随便放；乱丢；乱塞”，英文解释为“to put something somewhere in a hurried or careless way”举个🌰：

We shoved a copy of the newsletter beneath their door.

我们在他们的门下塞了一份时事通讯。

According to a CBS affiliate in Houston, Peterson texted the boy's mother that she would be “mad at me about his legs.”

CBS旗下的一家休斯顿当地媒体报道称，彼得森给这名男孩的妈妈发短信说，她会“因为孩子的腿跟我生气的。”。

affiliate /əˈfɪliət/  作名词，表示“附属机构；分支机构；分公司；分会”，英文解释为“a company, an organization, etc. that is connected with or controlled by another larger one”，如：an affiliate of the university 大学的隶属机构/分支机构。

📍也可以作动词，表示“使并入，使隶属（较大的团体或组织）；使紧密联系”，英文解释为“to cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another, usually larger, group, or organization”，如：a college affiliated to Zhejiang University 浙江大学附属学院；举个🌰：

The hospital is affiliated with the local university.

这家医院附属于当地大学。

顺便看下几个“xx附中”怎么说？

📍北京大学附属中学 The Affiliated High School of Peking University

📍清华大学附属中学 Tsinghua University High School

📍中国人民大学附属中学 The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China

📍浙江大学附属中学 The High School Attached to Zhejiang University

He also reportedly texted that he “felt bad after the fact when I notice the switch was wrapping around hitting I (sic) thigh” and “But I felt so bad, n I'm all tearing that butt up when needed! I start putting them in timeout. N save the whooping for needed memories!”

据报道，他还发短信说，“我感觉有些难受，因为我注意到树枝打到腿上时，裹着腿弯了过去”并且“可是我感觉太生气了，有必要的话，能把他屁股撕烂！我今后要把他们关起来，有必要让他们记住的时候，才会抽鞭子！”

置于括号内，表示前面引用的文字原文有错误，相当于在括号内加上“原文如此”的说明，英文解释为“a word written in brackets after a word that you have copied to show that you know it has been spelled or used wrongly”举个🌰：

The notice outside the office said "Closed on Wedensday" (sic).

电影院外的布告上写着 Closed on Wedensday（原文如此）。

butt /bʌt/ 表示“屁股”，英文解释为“Someone's butt is their bottom.”

表示“（小孩因为表现不好而受惩罚的）暂停活动”，英文解释为“a short period in which a child has to stop an activity as a punishment for behaving badly”举个🌰：

The little boy's mother gave him a timeout after he hit his friend.

小男孩的妈妈在他打了朋友之后命令他不许再玩。

whoop /wuːp, huːp ;wup / 可以作动词也可以作名词，表示“呐喊，欢呼（声）” 举个🌰：

She whoops with delight at a promise of money.

她一听到答应给她钱就兴高采烈地欢呼起来。

But the boy reportedly said, “Daddy Peterson hit me on my face,” that his father “likes belts and switches,” that “there are a lot of belts in Daddy's closet,” and that he “has a whooping room.”

可是根据新闻报道，男孩说，“老爸彼得森打我的脸”，还说他的父亲“喜欢用腰带和树枝”，而且“老爸的柜子里有很多腰带”，他还“有一个抽鞭子的房间”。

Spanking is not against the law in America — although some argue that it should be, as it is in Sweden and some other countries — but, as with most things in life, there are degrees beyond which even something that is generally acceptable, or at least legal, crosses a threshold and becomes not so.

打屁股在美国并不违反法律，尽管有些人认为，应该像瑞典和其他国家一样，立法禁止。但就像生活中的许多事情一样，超过了一定限度，即使是通常可以接受的事情，或者说至少合法的事情，就会跨过门槛，变得不能接受。

作动词，表示“ 用手打（小孩的）屁股”，英文解释为“If someone spanks a child, they punish them by hitting them on the bottom several times with their hand.”举个🌰：

When I used to do that when I was a kid, my mom would spank me.

我小时候做那种事时，我妈妈总是打我的屁股。

This seems, on its face, from what we now know, a case in which the limits have most likely been exceeded.

根据我们目前所知的信息，这起案件从表面看来，就是一个超过了限度的例子。

Peterson released a statement that read, in part:

彼得森发布了一份声明，其中写道：

“I have to live with the fact that when I disciplined my son the way I was disciplined as a child, I caused an injury that I never intended or thought would happen. I know that many people disagree with the way I disciplined my child. I also understand after meeting with a psychologist that there are other alternative ways of disciplining a child that may be more appropriate.”

“我必须承认，我像自己小时候受惩戒那样惩戒自己的儿子时，造成了伤害，这不是我的本意，我也没有料到会发生这种情况。我知道许多人不认同我惩戒自己孩子的方式。在拜访了一名心理学家之后，我也理解了还有其他可能更妥当的方式来惩罚孩子。”

1）作动词，表示“惩罚，惩罚”，英文解释为“to punish someone”举个🌰：

The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed.

这名工人被他的公司处罚了，但没有被开除。

2）作动词也有“训练，教导”的含义（to teach someone to behave in a controlled way）。

It is good that Peterson met with a psychologist and learned alternative disciplinary methods, but that doesn't heal the child's wounds, and the fact that Peterson may have been abused in this way does not make it acceptable to pass on the abuse to his own children.

彼得森去见了心理学家，还学到了惩戒孩子的新方法，这都很好。但这并不能弥合孩子的创伤，而且即使彼得森被这样虐待过，把这种虐待再传递给自己的孩子也是不可接受的。

He continued, setting up an even more dangerous proposition:

接着，他又提出了更加危险的看法：

表示“主张；观点；见解”，英文解释为“A proposition is a statement or an idea that people can consider or discuss to decide whether it is true.”举个🌰：

They were debating the proposition that "All people are created equal".

他们正就“人人生而平等”这一命题展开辩论。

“I have learned a lot and have had to re-evaluate how I discipline my son going forward. But deep in my heart I have always believed I could have been one of those kids that was lost in the streets without the discipline instilled in me by my parents and other relatives. I have always believed that the way my parents disciplined me has a great deal to do with the success I have enjoyed as a man. I love my son and I will continue to become a better parent and learn from any mistakes I ever make.”

“我学到了很多，而且被迫重新评估了我将来惩戒孩子的方式。但在我内心深处，我一直相信，如果不是我的父母和其他亲属在我身上注入的纪律性，我或许就会成为迷失在街头的那些孩子。我一直相信，我的父母惩戒我的方法，与我成人之后取得的成功有很大的关系。我爱我的儿子，会继续努力做一个更好的父亲，也会从我犯的错误中吸取教训。”

表示“逐渐灌输；逐步培养（感受、思想或行为）”，英文解释为“to put a feeling, idea, or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way that person thinks or behaves”举个🌰：

It is part of a teacher's job to instil confidence in/into his or her students.

教师的部分职责是逐渐培养学生的信心。

🎬电影《梅茜的世界》（What Maisie Knew）中的台词提到：They're supposed to instill cooperation and pacifism. 他们应该灌输了合作与和平主义思想。

When we promulgate the notion that our success is directly measurable to the violence visited on our bodies as children, we reinforce a societal supposition that pain is an instrument of love, and establish a false binary between the streets and the strap.

当我们宣扬这样的观念，说我们在儿时经受过的暴力，是和自己的成功存在直接关联的，我们等于在强化一种社会臆想：痛苦是示爱的途径，从而建立街头和皮鞭这种错误的一一对应关系。

promulgate /ˈprɒməlˌɡeɪt/ 表示“传播，宣扬（思想或信仰）”，英文解释为“to spread beliefs or ideas among a lot of people”。

表示“观念；信念；理解”，英文解释为“an idea, a belief or an understanding of sth ”举个🌰：

She had only a vague notion of what might happen.

对于可能发生的事她只有一个模糊的概念。 

表示“猜测，推测，假定”，英文解释为“the fact of believing something is true without any proof or something that you believe to be true without any proof”举个🌰：

That article was based on pure supposition.

那篇文章纯粹是基于推测。

表示“皮带；带子”，英文解释为“a narrow piece of leather or other strong material used for fastening something or giving support”。

I take Peterson at his word that he loves his son, but the drawing of blood isn't an expression of love. Love doesn't look like that. That looks like an expression of anger and exasperation that morphs into abuse.

我就暂且相信彼得森说的话，即他是爱儿子的，但让他们流血不是爱意的表达。爱不是那样的。那看起来是在表达愤怒和懊恼，最终变异成虐待。

exasperation /ɪg,zæspə'reʃ(ə)n/ 表示“恼怒，烦恼”，英文解释为“when you feel annoyed because someone continues to do something that is upsetting you”举个🌰：

He sighed in exasperation.

他恼怒地叹了口气。

1）表示“（尤指很大的、质的）改变；变化”，英文解释为“If one thing morphs into another thing, especially something very different, the first thing changes into the second.”举个🌰：

Mild-mannered KangKang morphs into a confident, grinning hero.

温良恭谨的康康变了，变成了一位充满信心、笑口常开的豪杰人物。

2）表示“（使）图像变形；将（图像）进行合成处理”，英文解释为“to gradually change one image into another, or combine them, using a computer program”

📍比如疫情期间，不少客运航空变成货运：Passenger airlines morph into cargo carriers.

I understand the reasoning that undergirds much of this thinking about spanking: Better to feel the pain of being punished by someone in the home who loves you than by someone outside the home who doesn't.

我明白在这种打屁股式责罚的背后是怎样的动机：在家里被爱你的人惩罚，感受其痛苦，总比在外面被不爱你的人惩罚要好。

undergird /ˌʌndəˈɡɜːd/ 表示“在底部加固；形成…的基础；加强，支撑”，英文解释为“to support something by forming a strong base for it”举个🌰：

These are the four major theories that undergird criminal law.

这是构成刑法基础的四大理论。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述亚马逊的文章中提到的这个句子，写作中值得借鉴：Undergirding the e-commerce surge is an infrastructure of cloud computing and payments systems. 云计算和支付系统等基础设施支撑起了此轮电子商务浪潮。

But that logic simply doesn't hold up.

但这个逻辑根本说不通。

As the nonpartisan research group Child Trends pointed out in a report last year:

无党派研究机构“孩子趋势”(Child Trends)在去年的一份报告中提出：

表示“无党派的，非党派的”，英文解释为“A person or group that is nonpartisan does not support or help a particular political party or group.”如：a non-partisan organization 非党派机构。

“Use of corporal punishment is linked to negative outcomes for children (e.g., delinquency, antisocial behavior, psychological problems, and alcohol and drug abuse), and may be indicative of ineffective parenting. Research also finds that the number of problem behaviors observed in adolescence is related to the amount of spanking a child receives. The greater the age of the child, the stronger the relationship.

“体罚（corporal punishment）的使用和孩子成长的负面结果存在关联（比如少年犯罪、反社会行为、心理问题、酒精和毒品滥用），可能表明了家长失职。研究还发现在青春期观察到的问题行为和受到责打的情况相关。孩子的年龄越大，这种关联越明显。

corporal /ˈkɔːpərəl, -prəl/ 表示“身体的，肉体的”，英文解释为“of or relating to the body”。

delinquency /dɪˈlɪŋkwənsɪ/ | 表示“（尤指年轻人的）不良行为，违法行为”，英文解释为“behaviour, especially of a young person, that is is illegal or not acceptable to most people”。

“Positive child outcomes are more likely when parents refrain from using spanking and other physical punishment, and instead discipline their children through communication that is firm, reasoned and nurturing. Studies find this type of discipline can foster positive psychological outcomes, such as high self-esteem and cooperation with others, as well as improved achievement in school.”

“当父母停止使用打屁股和其他体罚，转而通过坚决、有理和关爱的沟通加以管教时，更有可能出现正面的成长结果。研究发现这种类型的管教可以培育出正面的心理结果，比如更强的自尊心，愿意与他人协作，在学校的表现也有改善。”

1）表示“忍住；克制”，英文解释为“If you refrain from doing something, you deliberately do not do it.”举个🌰：

He refrained from making any comment. 

他忍住了没做任何评论。

补充：

📍refrain还可以作名词表示“副歌；一再重复的话”，如：a refrain from an old song 一首老歌的副歌，举个🌰：

Her constant refrain is that she doesn't have a life. 

她总是不断重复的一句话就是她生活得很无聊。

The group also pointed out just how pervasive the practice is:

该机构还提到了体罚行为的普遍程度：

pervasive表示“到处存在的，到处弥漫着的，遍布的”，英文解释为“Something, especially something bad, that is pervasive is present or felt throughout a place or thing.”如：the pervasive influence of mobile phones in daily life 手机在日常生活中无处不在的影响。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情带来的影响的文章中提到：But there will also be residual fear, pervasive uncertainty, a lack of innovative fervour and deepened inequalities. 但同时也会有残留的恐惧感、普遍的不确定性、匮乏的创新激情，以及加剧的不平等。

“In 2012, according to a nationally representative survey, 77 percent of men, and 65 percent of women 18 to 65 years old agreed that a child sometimes needs a ‘good hard spanking.’ ”

“据一项全国性调查显示，2012年，在18到65岁的人中，有77%的男性和65%的女性认为，有时候在孩子‘屁股上狠狠来几下’是有必要的。”

The group continued:

该机构接着说：

“One of the most frequently used strategies to discipline a child, especially a younger child, is spanking. About 94 percent of parents of children ages 3 to 4 in the United States report having spanked their children in the previous year.”

“在管教孩子的策略中，最常使用的是打屁股，尤其是针对较年幼的孩子。有约94%的美国3到4岁孩子父母曾在之前一年里打过孩子屁股。”

Spanking is an age-old disciplinary technique, so turning the tide against it may be difficult. Some people even argue that it's a necessary tool in a parent's arsenal of options.

打屁股是一种古老的管教手法，因此要扭转这种风气并非易事。有人甚至认为，作为父母有必要把这作为一种备选的手段。

I think we need to reconsider that.

我认为这事我们需要三思。

公众号后台对话框里发送：666

参与新一轮抽奖（1月5日0点开）

公众号后台对话框里发送：沙发

查看沙发计划，抢沙发拿奖励

公众号后台对话框里发送：打卡

参与每天持续行动打卡计划

- 推荐阅读 -

这才是你的2020年度总结报告

关于男女性别对立

英国女王2020年圣诞致辞

为了这个合集，准备了整整11个月。

2000天，我是怎么坚持下来的

- END -