俄罗斯遭国际禁赛4年 或将缺席奥运会、世界杯

近日，世界反兴奋剂机构（World Anti-Doping Agency, WADA）在瑞士洛桑（Lausanne）举行会议，通过了“对俄罗斯禁赛四年”的提案。提案表明，俄罗斯未来四年来将不得参加包括2020年东京奥运会、世界杯在内的国际重大赛事，也不得申办和举办国际重大赛事。

据了解，该提案将会被提交到国际体育仲裁法庭（CAS），俄罗斯将有21天时间提出上诉。

Russia reacts with anger after doping ban from Olympics, World Cup

AFP

出现很多次了，表示“（常指以不正当手段）操纵，控制”，英文解释为“to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly”举个🌰：

Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the media.

她在整个职业生涯中非常成功地控制了媒体。

类似的还有一个词rig. rig表示“（采取不正当的手段）操纵；对…做手脚”，英文解释为“to arrange dishonestly for the result of something, for example an election, to be changed”举个🌰：

He said the election had been rigged.

他说选举被人操纵了。

此前，在故意改低女生成绩 东京医科大学被曝操控男女录取比例一文中，纽约时报的标题就用了rig这个词：Japanese Medical School Accused of Rigging Admissions to Keep Women Out. 操纵录取结果 rig admissions.

上文manipulate (doping) data，此处用了falsify data作替换，falsify表示“篡改，伪造（文字记录、信息）”，英文解释为“to change a written record or information so that it is no longer true”，举个🌰：

The charges against him include fraud, bribery, and falsifying business records.

对他的指控包括诈骗、贿赂和篡改业务记录。

卫报（The Guardian）在相比报道中用的是，tamper with data:

The sanctions relate to tampering with data obtained from the Moscow laboratory in 2019. Investigators from Wada found that some of the deletion and manipulation occurred after Russia had been reinstated to compliance in September 2018, having initially been banned in 2015.

tamper with表示“胡乱摆弄；擅自改动；蓄意破坏”（to touch or make changes to something that you should not, usually without enough knowledge of how it works or when you are trying to damage it），举个🌰：

I could see immediately that the lock had been tampered with.

我一下子就看出锁已被人动过了。

表示“减损；毁损；贬低”，英文解释为“If one thing detracts from another, it makes it seem less good or impressive.”举个🌰：

They feared that the publicity surrounding him would detract from their own campaigns.

他们担心围绕他的宣传会有损他们自已的活动。

表示“解决自己的问题”，英文解释为“to solve your own problems”举个🌰：

You should put your own house in order before you start telling me what to do!

你最好先管好自己的事，然后再教我如何去做！

可以作名词也可以作形容词，表示“中立者；中立国”，英文解释为“a person or country that does not support either side in a disagreement, competition or war”；

此外，neutral还可以指“（汽车排挡）空挡的”（the position of the gears of a vehicle in which no power is carried from the engine to the wheels），如：to leave the car in neutral 将车的排挡置于空挡位。

表示“预赛，淘汰赛”，英文解释为“a game from which the winner will go on to compete in the next part of a competition”举个🌰：

Belgium and Italy are playing in tonight's qualifier.

比利时队和意大利队将在今晚的预赛中相遇。

表示“严厉批评；猛烈抨击”，英文解释为“To slam someone or something means to criticize them very severely.”举个🌰：

The famed filmmaker slammed the claims as "an outrageous lie."

该享有盛名的电影制片人猛烈抨击这些说法，称其为“无耻谎言。”

表示“相抵触；相矛盾；相反”，英文解释为“to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong”举个🌰：

The two stories contradict each other.

这两种说法相互抵触。

可以作动词也可用作名词，表示“责备；指责；批评”，英文解释为“If you reproach someone, you say or show that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because they have done something wrong.”举个🌰：

She is quick to reproach anyone who doesn't live up to her own high standards.

她动不动就指责达不到她高标准的人。

这里普京的话译文我感觉有点奇怪，可惜不懂俄语，不能找来原文看看。只能找了另一媒体，路透社（Reuters）的相关介绍。此处路透社用的是complaint.

complaint含义也比较广，表示“不满的原因；抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告”（a reason for not being satisfied; a statement that sb makes saying that they are not satisfied）。

表示“歇斯底里”，英文解释为“extreme fear, excitement, anger, etc. that cannot be controlled”举个🌰：

One woman, close to hysteria, grabbed my arm.

一个近乎歇斯底里的女人抓住了我的胳膊。

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