《自然》发布2019年博士调查：三成博士生焦虑或抑郁

近日，《自然》发布一份涵盖全球6000余名博士生的调查报告。调查结果显示，36%的受访者表示曾因焦虑或抑郁而寻求帮助；21%的受访者表示曾遭受过导师、其他学生和职员的欺凌（bullying）。27%的受访者表示他们每周花大概41-50小时，25%的受访者每周花大概51-60小时。

Nature Ph.D. survey puts spotlight on mental health, harassment and student debt

by Springer

biennial /baɪˈɛnɪəl/ 表示“两年一次的”，英文解释为“happening once every two years”。

区分：

· biannual 表示“一年两次的，一年两度的；半年一次的”（happening twice a year），如：the biannual report 半年报告。

· annual表示“一年一度的；每年的”（happening once every year），如：an annual event/visit/holiday 年度大事/每年一次的访问/每年的假期。

表示“结合；联合；同时发生”，英文解释为“the situation in which events or conditions combine or happen together”，in conjunction with 连同，共同；与…协力，举个🌰：

There is a team of writers working in conjunction (with each other) on the book.

有一个作家小组在合作撰写这部书。

表示“（机构、组织等的）开端，创始”，英文解释为“the start of an institution, an organization, etc.”举个🌰：

The club has grown rapidly since its inception in 2017.

这个俱乐部自从2017年成立以来发展迅速。

spectrum /ˈspɛktrəm/ 表示“范围；各层次；系列；幅度”，英文解释为“a complete or wide range of related qualities, ideas, etc.”如：a broad spectrum of interests 广泛的兴趣范围。

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· 21 percent of respondents reported experiencing bullying, and the main perpetrators were supervisors, other students or staff.

· Discrimination or harassment in their Ph.D. programme was experienced by 21 percent of respondents.

· 36 percent of respondents sought help for anxiety or depression caused by their studies.

· 27 percent of respondents reported that they spend 41-50 hours per week on their Ph.D. programme, with a quarter saying that they spend 51-60 hours per week.

· Just under 50 percent of respondents reported a long-hours culture at their university.

· Almost 20 percent of respondents said they have a job alongside their Ph.D. studies and the main reason given was to help make ends meet (53 percent).

表示“作恶者；行凶者；犯罪者”，英文解释为“a person who commits a crime or does sth that is wrong or evil”，如：the perpetrators of the crime 该项罪行的作恶者。

表示“超时工作环境（或压力）；加班文化；工作狂”，英文解释为“a way of life in which people spend many hours a day at work or working；The long-hours culture is the way in which some workers feel that they are expected to work much longer hours than they are paid to do.”

表示“使收支相抵；勉强维持生计”，英文解释为“to have just enough money to pay for the things that you need”。

表示“衣食无忧，不愁生计”，英文解释为“To provide enough money to sustain one for rest of one's life. The phrase is typically understood to mean that one will no longer have to earn an income.”

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