「11·11」一百年前的今天

不知不觉中，起源于2009年11月11日的“双十一”购物狂欢节如今已经走过了十年。

而你是否知道一百年前的今天，又是什么日子。

1918年11月11日，一百年前的今天，协约国和德国在法国贡比涅森林的一个火车车厢中签订了《停战协定》，第一次世界大战（World War One）结束了。

这场战争约6500万人参战，约2000万人受伤，超过1600万人丧生。

World leaders in Paris mark 100th anniversary of WW1 Armistice

French President Emmanuel Macron will be joined by some 70 world leaders on Sunday to commemorate the centenary of the Armistice that brought World War One to an end, and to honor the millions of soldiers who died in the conflict.

表示“一百周年（纪念）”，英文解释为“the day or year exactly 100 years after a particular event”，举个🌰：

a concert to mark the centenary of the composer's birth

纪念这位作曲家百年华诞的音乐会

表示“停战协定，休战协定”，

An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.

停战协定（Armistice），亦称休战协定，是指交战团体之间为了暂时停止敌对行为而缔结的协定。

实际上今天也是Armistice Day“停战日，休战纪念日”，不同的国家可能有不同的称呼，也有叫“Remembrance Day”，英国国殇纪念日、阵亡将士纪念日、和平纪念日。

Armistice Day is commemorated every year on 11 November to mark the armistice signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany at Compiègne, France, for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front of World War I, which took effect at eleven o'clock in the morning—the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month" of 1918.

It was at 11.00 a.m. on Nov. 11, 1918, that the guns fell silent across the western front, heralding the end of a four-year conflict that claimed the lives of 10 million combatants and millions of civilians.

/'herəld,ˋhɛrəld/

表示“预示…的发生”，英文解释为“to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon”，举个🌰：

A flash of lightning heralded torrential rain.

一道闪电预示着暴雨即将来临。

torrential rain 暴雨；倾盆大雨；骤雨

我们通常用它来表示“抵触，冲突，矛盾，争执”，比如利益的冲突，conflict of interest/interests，实际上conflict也可以替换war，表示“武装冲突；战斗；战争”，英文解释为“fighting or a war”。

claim在新闻报道中经常出现，表示“（战争、事故等）夺去（生命）”，英文解释为“if a war, accident etc claims lives, people die because of it – used especially in news reports”，举个🌰：

The earthquake has so far claimed over 3,000 lives.

到目前为止这场地震已经夺去了3,000多人的生命。

combatant表示“参战者，战士，战斗人员”与之相对的civilian则表示“平民，老百姓”。

区分：contestant，表示“参赛者，选手”，英文解释为A contestant in a competition or game show is a person who takes part in it.

One hundred years later, Macron will pay tribute to those soldiers and their families in an address delivered at the foot of the Arc de Triomphe, built by Emperor Napoleon in 1806, where an unknown soldier killed in the Great War is buried.

法国巴黎的“凯旋门”，one of the most famous monuments in Paris, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the center of Place Charles de Gaulle(戴高乐广场).

U.S. President Donald Trump, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian leader Vladimir Putin are among the dozens of monarchs, heads of state and government due to attend the ceremony, before lunch with Macron at the Elysee Palace.

据介绍，届时美国总统特朗普、德国总理默克尔、俄罗斯总统普京等领导人将在巴黎参加纪念仪式。

The conflict was one of the bloodiest in history, reshaping Europe's politics and demographics. Peace, however, was short-lived and two decades later Nazi Germany invaded its neighbors.

表示“短暂的”，英文解释为“Something that is short-lived does not last very long.”，举个🌰：

Any hope that the speech would end the war was short-lived.

任何关于这次演讲将结束这次战争的希望很快就破灭了。

On Sunday afternoon, Macron will host the inaugural Paris Peace Forum, which seeks to promote a multilateral approach to security and governance and ultimately avoid the errors that led to the outbreak of World War One.

可以表示“（活动）开幕的，首次的”，英文解释为“an inaugural event is the first in a planned series of similar events”，也可以指“（演说）就职的，就任的；首次的”，英文解释为“an inaugural speech is the first given by someone who is starting an important job”，如：

the president's inaugural address 总统的就职演说

the plane's inaugural flight 这架飞机的首次飞行

the inaugural match 第一场比赛

据外交部发言人办公室，应法方邀请，中方代表全国人大常委会副委员长吉炳轩将出席巴黎和平论坛及有关活动。据了解，美国特朗普拒绝出席巴黎和平论坛。

Merkel said in a statement the forum showed that “today there is a will, and I say this on behalf of Germany with full conviction, to do everything to bring a more peaceful order to the world, even though we know we still have much work to do.” Trump, who champions a nationalist ‘America first’ policy, will not attend the forum.

champion作名词表示“冠军”大家比较熟悉，作动词则表示“捍卫，维护”，英文解释为“to publicly fight for and defend an aim or principle, such as the rights of a group of people”，举个🌰：

She championed the cause of religious freedom.

她捍卫宗教自由事业。

看到这个cause这里顺便提一下，在上周的<「双语」“吃人”的互联网>一文中，有童鞋提出对“Cause 这个词不是很懂”

作动词大家也是比较清楚了，表示“导致，引起，使发生”，如：

The fire caused £15,000 worth of damage.

这场火灾造成了价值1.5万英镑的损失。

而作为名词，除了可以指“原因，起因”the cause of ...，如：

Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease.

吸烟是造成不必要疾病和死亡的最大原因。

还可以表示“理想，奋斗目标; 事业”，也就是这里的common cause和the cause of religious freedom所指的含义，英文解释为“an aim, belief or organization that a group of people support or fight for”。

来源：Reuters

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