讲座预告丨穆斯托：重访马克思的异化概念

重访马克思的异化概念

Marcello Musto ，加拿大约克大学社会学教授，替代理论实验室的创始主任，著名“马克思学”专家。他被认为是在过去十年中为复兴马克思研究做出重大贡献的作者之一，他的研究兴趣包括社会主义思想、工人运动史和替代社会经济制度。他的作品已在世界范围内被翻译成二十五种语言，在他的出版物中有四本独著和十一本合著。法国政治哲学家埃蒂安·巴利巴尔将其称为“最伟大的马克思生平研究者”。

Marcello Musto教授代表作

讲座内容：

Alienation was one of the most important and widely debated themes of the 20th century, and Marx’s theorization played a key role in the discussions. Yet, contrary to what one might imagine, the concept itself did not develop in a linear manner, and the publication of previously unknown texts containing Marx’s reflections on alienation defined significant moments in the transformation and dissemination of the theory.

The meaning of the term changed several times over the centuries. In theological discourse it referred to the distance between man and God; in social contract theories, to loss of the individual’s original liberty; and in English political economy, to the transfer of property ownership. The first systematic philosophical account of alienation was in the work of G.W.F. Hegel, who in The Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) adopted the terms Entäusserung (literally self-externalization or renunciation) and Entfremdung (estrangement) to denote Spirit’s becoming other than itself in the realm of objectivity. The whole question still featured prominently in the writings of the Hegelian Left, and Ludwig Feuerbach’s theory of religious alienation – that is, of man’s projection of his own essence onto an imaginary deity (in The Essence of Christianity [1841]) – contributed significantly to the development of the concept. Alienation subsequently disappeared from philosophical reflection, and none of the major thinkers of the second half of the 19th century paid it any great attention. Even Marx rarely used the term in the works published during his lifetime, and it was entirely absent from the Marxism of the Second International (1889-1914).

During this period, however, several thinkers developed concepts that were later associated with alienation. In his Division of Labour (1893) and Suicide (1897), Émile Durkheim introduced the term ‘anomie’ to indicate a set of phenomena whereby the norms guaranteeing social cohesion enter into crisis following a major extension of the division of labour. Social trends concomitant with huge changes in the production process also lay at the basis of the thinking of German sociologists: Georg Simmel, in The Philosophy of Money (1900), paid great attention to the dominance of social institutions over individuals and to the growing impersonality of human relations; while Max Weber, in Economy and Society (1922), dwelled on the phenomena of ‘bureaucratization’ in society and ‘rational calculation’ in human relations, considering them to be the essence of capitalism. But these authors thought they were describing unstoppable tendencies, and their reflections were often guided by a wish to improve the existing social and political order – certainly not to replace it with a different one.

主持人：康加恩（Kaan Kangal）

南京大学哲学系副教授，马克思主义社会理论研究中心研究员。

讲座时间：6月10日上午9：00（中国时间）

Zoom会议号：676 6710 2159

主办单位：南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心、南京大学哲学系