JIA 2018-05期 发布
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Review
Molecular mechanisms controlling seed set in cereal crop species under stress and non-stress conditions
胁迫和非胁迫条件下控制禾谷类作物种子结实的分子机制
LI Hui-yong, Thomas Lübberstedt
追求高产是禾谷类作物遗传育种的最终目标。种子的结实是种子形成过程中最关键的发育阶段，它不仅决定着禾谷类作物籽粒收获的数量和种子的质量，而且最终决定着产量潜力。然而，种子结实过程通常会受到外界生物胁迫和非生物胁迫以及作物本身遗传因素的影响而导致结实率下降，造成作物减产。到目前为止，在胁迫和非胁迫条件下控制禾谷类作物种子结实率的分子遗传机制仍然不完全清楚。在本综述中，我们将禾谷类作物种子结实过程划分为花序结构的发育、有效配子的形成、授粉、种子发育和败育等4个阶段，并详细讨论了不同发育阶段遗传因子和非遗传因子控制种子的结实的分子机制。最后，我们提出了一些新的策略去研究禾谷类作物种子结实的分子机制，旨在进一步提高作物的种子结实率。
Cite this article:
LI Hui-yong, Thomas Lübberstedt. Molecular mechanisms controlling seed set in cereal crop species under stress and non-stress conditions[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 965-974.
Special Focus: Agricultural products processing characteristics and quality evaluation
Editorial- Agricultural products processing characteristics and quality evaluation
编者按——农产品加工特性与品质评价研究
WANG Qiang
没有适宜的原料就难以加工出质量上乘的产品。农产品原料本底不清、加工特性不明，缺乏加工品质评价技术方法、指标体系与等级标准，严重制约了农产品加工业健康发展。国内外研究表明，不同原料品种加工品质特性分析方法的建立、加工品质评价模型的构建、加工适宜性评价标准与专用品种的筛选是该领域研究的热点。本专题选择了涉及中国花生、苹果、韩国小麦、日本稻米4个大宗农产品品种加工特性与品质评价的4篇文章，从加工特性指标检测新方法创制、原料特性与制品品质的相关关系分析，加工品质评价模型与适宜性评价标准的建立，加工专用品种筛选等方面进行了系统研究，明确了按照不同加工用途对农产品原料品种进行分类评价的理论和方法。该研究对系统分析农产品原料品种加工特性，建立适宜于不同加工要求的原料品质评价模型和标准，以及加工专用品种的筛选等工作具有重要参考价值。
Rapid semi-quantification of triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, and free fatty acids in the rice bran of one grain
Junko Nagamoto, Ai Sawazaki, Motonori Miyago, Bungo Shirouchi, Mitsukazu Sakata, TONG Li-tao,Toshihiro Kumamaru, Masao Sato
We developed a microplate assay method for determining the contents of triacylglycerols (TAGs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) in the rice bran of one grain using enzymatic reactions. In this method, enzymes from commercially available kits were used. Optimum reaction conditions were established. It was found that Nonidet P-40 was the optimal among the three surfactants used (Triton X-100, Tween 40, and Nonidet P-40) when lipid was dissolved in a reaction solution. Using this method, it was possible to quantify TAGs, PCs, and FFAs in concentration ranges of 7–150, 5–70, and 8–200 mg L–1, respectively. Furthermore, when the TAG contents in the rice bran were measured, the values closely corresponded to those obtained by extracting from large amounts of rice bran. However, sufficient data on the PC and FFA contents in rice bran are not available for valid comparisons. Although this method can accurately quantify the TAG contents in the rice bran of one grain, the accuracy of the PC and FFA contents has not been verified. Hence, future study is necessary.
Cite this article:
Junko Nagamoto, Ai Sawazaki, Motonori Miyago, Bungo Shirouchi, Mitsukazu Sakata, TONG Li-tao, Toshihiro Kumamaru, Masao Sato. Rapid semi-quantification of triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, and free fatty acids in the rice bran of one grain[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 977-981.
Influence of different nitrogen application on flour properties, gluten properties by HPLC and end-use quality of Korean wheat
Seong-Woo Cho, Chon-Sik Kang, Taek-Gyu Kang, Kwang-Min Cho, Chul Soo Park
This study was performed to identify how the different levels of nitrogen application affected the variances of gluten properties and end-use qualities and the differences of variances among Korean wheat cultivars. Protein and dry gluten content, SDS sedimentation volume and water absorption of Mixolab increased as nitrogen application increased. This ratio of the increase was higher in Korean wheat cultivars for bread than in Korean wheat cultivars for noodles and cookies. The proportion of (α+β)-gliadin measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) increased, but the proportion of ω- and γ-gliadin decreased as the protein content increased. The Korean wheat cultivars for bread showed a high proportion of (α+β)-gliadin increase, the Korean cultivars for noodles had a high proportion of γ-gliadin decrease and the Korean wheat cultivars for cookies had a high proportion of ω-gliadin decrease. However, there was no variation of the component in the proportion of glutenin component measured by RP-HPLC, even though the protein content was increased, but all of the protein fractions measured by size exclusion (SE)-HPLC were increased. The soluble monomeric protein showed a high proportion of Korean wheat cultivars for bread by the increase of protein content. Bread loaf volume increased by the increase of protein content but there were no variances in the ratio of increase among Korean wheat cultivars. The cookie diameter decreased with the increase of protein content, and this ratio of decrease was the highest in Korean wheat cultivars for cookies. The hardness of cooked noodles also increased by the increase of protein content but there were no variations in springiness and cohesiveness. The decrease proportion of ω-gliadin affected the increase of bread loaf volume, the hardness of cooked noodles, and the decrease of cookie diameter.
Cite this article:
Seong-Woo Cho, Chon-Sik Kang, Taek-Gyu Kang, Kwang-Min Cho, Chul Soo Park. Influence of different nitrogen application on flour properties, gluten properties by HPLC and end-use quality of Korean wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 982-993.
Evaluation indices of sour flavor for apple fruit and grading standards
苹果酸味评价指标及分级标准
YAN Zhen, ZHENG Li-jing, NIE Ji-yun, LI Zhi-xia, CHENG Yang
为建立苹果酸味评价指标的分级标准，对106个苹果品种的10个相关指标进行了测定，包括苹果酸、草酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、总有机酸（6种所测有机酸含量之和）、可滴定酸、酸度值和pH值。对于本研究中的大多数品种（85.8%），果实中的有机酸含量顺序为苹果酸>草酸>柠檬酸>乳酸>琥珀酸>富马酸。苹果酸是主要的有机酸，占总酸的94.5%。10项指标中，pH值的离散度最小，变异系数仅为8.2%，余者离散度均较大，变异系数在31%-66%之间。苹果酸与总酸、酸度值之间，以及总酸与酸度值之间，均存在显著的一元线性函数关系，pH值与苹果酸、可滴定酸、总酸、酸度值之间，均存在显著的对数函数关系，且这些函数均具有很高的拟合精度，可用于相关指标的准确预测。本研究表明，果实中的苹果酸、总酸和酸度值均服从正态分布，可滴定酸接近正态分布，pH值则呈偏态分布。利用拟合的正态分布曲线，可建立苹果酸、可滴定酸、总酸和酸度值的分级标准，pH值则可利用其与苹果酸之间的对数函数关系得到各分级节点值，并藉此建立分级标准。这5项指标的分级标准均可用于苹果的酸味评价。该研究为苹果风味的评价和品种的选择提供了科学依据。
Cite this article:
YAN Zhen, ZHENG Li-jing, NIE Ji-yun, LI Zhi-xia, CHENG Yang. Evaluation indices of sour flavor for apple fruit and grading standards[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 994-1002.
Relationship of chemical properties of different peanut varieties to peanut butter storage stability
原料特性与花生酱储藏稳定性相关关系研究
GONG A-na, SHI Ai-min, LIU Hong-zhi, YU Hong-wei, LIU Li, LIN Wei-jing, WANG Qiang
本文主要研究花生品种对花生酱储藏稳定性的影响。挑选了17个花生品种进行分析，并制备花生酱。在不同的储藏温度和时间下，分别测定花生酱的过氧化值、酸价和离心乳析率，同时分析了花生成分与花生酱储藏稳定性的相关性。结果表明不同的花生品种脂肪酸含量显著不同，利用高油酸花生（开农17-15）制备的花生酱比普通品种制备的花生酱具有更长的货架期。花生酱稳定性与花生品质显著性分析表明油酸和亚油酸是影响花生酱稳定性的主要因素。本研究表明高油酸花生是制备花生酱最适品种之一，加工企业选择该品种可以制备货架期更长的花生酱。
Cite this article:
GONG A-na, SHI Ai-min, LIU Hong-zhi, YU Hong-wei, LIU Li, LIN Wei-jing, WANG Qiang. Relationship of chemical properties of different peanut varieties to peanut butter storage stability[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1003-1010.
Special Focus: Insect heat shock proteins and their underlying functions
Editorial- Insect heat shock proteins and their underlying functions
编者按——昆虫热激蛋白及其潜在功能
DU Yu-zhou
与全世界巨大的昆虫种类相比，有关昆虫热激蛋白的研究比较少。“昆虫热激蛋白及其潜在功能”专题对于了解这个主题有很大的帮助。这个专题主要关注来源于四种昆虫的热激蛋白：i)二化螟盘绒茧蜂的五种热激蛋白的鉴定和它们在不同温度条件下的表达模式；ii)来自于西花蓟马的两种新型热激蛋白70具有不同的家族特征；iii)目前很少报道的热激蛋白60家族的T-复合体多肽蛋白1，在二化螟中具有不尽相同的功能；iv)赤拟谷盗的小分子量热激蛋白18.3在胁迫抗性、生长发育及生殖方面具有重要作用。
潘丹丹等克隆了二化螟盘绒茧蜂的Cchsp40，Cchsp60，Cchsp70，Cchsc70和Cchsp90的cDNA和DNA全长序列，研究了不同低温和高温条件下它们的表达模式。秦晶等分析了西花蓟马Fohsc704和Fohsc705的cDNA全长序列，明确了这两条基因的内含子位置和大小；进一步的结果也表明，这两种热激蛋白70在西花蓟马的耐热性中起到重要的作用。于同英等描述了二化螟T-复合体多肽蛋白1的特征，基因组分析发现该基因没有内含子，而且该基因的表达不能被温度胁迫所诱导。熊文峰等研究了RNA干扰小分子量热激蛋白18.3后的赤拟谷盗幼虫和正常赤拟谷盗幼虫的转录组水平特征。这些结果表明，沉默赤拟谷盗小分子量热激蛋白18.3基因后会影响其胁迫响应、固有免疫和抗氧化活力的进程。
我衷心地希望读者能对该专题产生兴趣，希望这些文章能给大家提供有用的信息。同时感谢这些文章的作者们为这个专题做出的努力。
Genes encoding heat shock proteins in the endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia chilonis, and their expression in response to temperatures
二化螟盘绒茧蜂热激蛋白基因克隆及对温度的响应
PAN Dan-dan, CAO Shuang-shuang, LU Ming-xing, HANG San-bao, DU Yu-zhou
利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆出5条二化螟盘绒茧蜂的热激蛋白基因，分别是Cchsp40、Cchsp60、Cchsp70、Cchsc70和Cchsp90。这5条热激蛋白基因cDNA序列长度分别为1265bp、2551bp、2094bp、2297bp和2635bp，分子量分别为39.1 kDa、60.6 kDa、71.45 kDa、70.19 kDa和82.92 kDa。与已发表的膜翅目等其他昆虫的HSPs相比，二化螟盘绒茧蜂这5条热激蛋白预测的氨基酸序列显示出高度相似性。分析基因组DNA序列发现：Cchsp40、Cchsp60、Cchsp70和Cchsp90没有内含子，而Cchsc70含有内含子；二化螟盘绒茧蜂中的CcHSP40是II型HSP40，CcHSP60是线粒体HSP60家族的成员，CcHSP90是细胞质HSP90A家族的一部分，CcHSC70可能是由细胞质高度诱导的结构蛋白，而CcHSP70是受热胁迫的诱导蛋白。这5条热激蛋白基因对温度胁迫的响应模式不同，其中Cchsp40和Cchsp60能被冷胁迫显著诱导，却对热胁迫不敏感；Cchsp70和Cchsc70对温度胁迫有着相似的响应，都能被冷和热胁迫诱导，但它们对温度胁迫的表达水平却都低于Cchsp40和Cchsp60；Cchsp90能被由热胁迫和温和的冷胁迫诱导，但不能被强的冷胁迫诱导。总之，本研究的结果能更好的了解二化螟盘绒茧蜂热激蛋白对温度胁迫的响应模式，同时能为二化螟盘绒茧蜂在不同温度下的饲养提供重要的信息。
Cite this article:
PAN Dan-dan, CAO Shuang-shuang, LU Ming-xing, HANG San-bao, DU Yu-zhou. Genes encoding heat shock proteins in the endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia chilonis, and their expression in response to temperatures[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1012-1022.
Characterization of two novel heat shock protein 70s and their transcriptional expression patterns in response to thermal stress in adult of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
西花蓟马两个新型热激蛋白70基因的克隆及其在温度胁迫下的表达模式
QIN Jing, GAO Peng, ZHANG Xiao-xiang, LU Ming-xing, DU Yu-zhou
热激蛋白70（HSP70）是整个热激蛋白家族中最重要的成员之一，并且在昆虫的温度耐受性方面起着重要作用。为了探索西花蓟马成虫温度耐受性的分子机制，在实验室条件下研究温度胁迫下不同性别成虫的HSP70的表达差异。首先，通过RT-PCR 及RACE 技术从西花蓟马中克隆得到HSP70 基因（Fohsc704 和Fohsc705）的全长cDNA；其次，对该基因组进行验证，得到基因组序列，并分析内含子的位置及大小；最后，通过实时定量PCR技术分析得到西花蓟马HSP70的表达模式。本研究克隆得到的Fohsc704 长度为2073bp，编码690个氨基酸，分子量为75 kDa；Fohsc705 长度为1476bp，编码491个氨基酸，分子量为54 kDa。Fohsc704 和Fohsc705 分别存在4个和6个内含子，不同于以前报道过的FoHSP70s基因。本研究中的HSP70s分别以EKKN和GIFL结尾。在温度胁迫下，不同性别的成虫中Fohsc704 和Fohsc705 的表达模式是多变的。在雄虫中，Fohsc704 和Fohsc705 的表达分别在-12和-8 °C时达到最高水平，在雌虫中，Fohsc705 在33°C时表达水平最高。综上所述，本研究中的西花蓟马HSP70s是新的类型，而且在不同性别的西花蓟马中这两个hsc70s表达存在差异，在西花蓟马温度耐受性中发挥重要作用。
Cite this article:
QIN Jing, GAO Peng, ZHANG Xiao-xiang, LU Ming-xing, DU Yu-zhou. Characterization of two novel heat shock protein 70s and their transcriptional expression patterns in response to thermal stress in adult of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1023-1031.
Characterization of T-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) from the Chilo suppressalis HSP60 family and its expression in response to temperature stress
二化螟HSP60家族成员T-复合物多肽1（TCP-1）基因克隆及对温度胁迫的响应
YU Tong-ying, LU Ming-xing, CUI Ya-dong
在蛋白质合成过程中，许多蛋白在多个合成阶段需要分子伴侣协助维持蛋白正确的折叠状态和功能构像。在本研究中，分别用RACE和qPCR技术从水稻二化螟体内克隆并阐述了一个属于热激蛋白60家族成员的T-复合物多肽1基因特征。Tcp-1的全长序列为2144 bp，开放阅读框长为1635 bp。Tcp-1具有5´和 3´非翻译区域，编码545个氨基酸，等电点为5.29。Cluster分析表明：推导的氨基酸序列与其他昆虫的TCP-1有高度的相似性（60%-99%）。为了研究Tcp-1对温度胁迫的响应，用qPCR技术分析暴露在-11到43°C下二化螟体内Tcp-1的表达变化。在高温处理阶段，二化螟在30和36°C处理2小时后其体内的Tcp-1表达水平高于对照，随后在39和43°C处理下，二化螟体内的Tcp-1表达水平呈现下降趋势。但是，在低温处理阶段（-11到27°C），Tcp-1的表达水平是不同于高温处理阶段。同时，qPCR分析表明：与头部、表皮、脂肪体、前肠、中肠和马氏管相比，Tcp-1在二化螟的后肠组织中具有最高的表达水平。这表明Tcp-1的特异性表达存在于二化螟的不同组织中，而且它的表达受到温度胁迫的影响。
Cite this article:
YU Tong-ying, LU Ming-xing, CUI Ya-dong. Characterization of T-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) from the Chilo suppressalis HSP60 family and its expression in response to temperature stress[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1032-1039.
Transcriptome analysis of hsp18.3 functions and regulatory systems using RNA-sequencing in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
转录组学分析赤拟谷盗hsp18.3的功能和调节机制
XIONG Wen-feng, XIE Jia, WEI Lu-ting, ZHANG Si-si, SONG Xiao-wen, GAO Shan-shan, LI Bin
赤拟谷盗是一种对仓储粮食、谷物产品以及花生等有严重危害的农业害虫。研究表明赤拟谷盗小分子热休克蛋白18.3 (Tchsp18.3) 在其应急抵抗性、发育和生殖功能上起着重要的作用，然而其调节机制还不清楚。因此，我们利用高通量测序 (RNA-seq) 技术比较了赤拟谷盗Tchsp18.3敲减昆虫与野生型昆虫在其基因转录水平上的差异。测序获得14154435条序列并且比对到了13299个基因上，进一步从中筛选鉴定了569个差异表达基因 (DEGs)。在这些差异基因中，有246个DEGs注释到了47个GO功能群体中，282个DEGs富集到了147条KEGG信号通路中。我们发现差异基因viperin、dorsal、Hdd11、
PGRP2、defensin1 和 defensin2同时参与免疫和应激过程，暗示赤拟谷盗体内免疫与应激存在相互交流的。而且下调Tchsp18.3基因的表达抑制了其抗氧化活性过程，进而可能调节赤拟谷盗的发育和生殖。我们还发现差异基因Blimp-1、Gld、Drm、Kinesin-14、Pthr2、Delta(11)-like和EGF-like domain protein 2等也可能影响Tchsp18.3敲减昆虫的发育和生殖。另外，干扰Tchsp18.3基因的表达还放大了丝氨酸信号通路，进一步调控了赤拟谷盗的免疫、应激、发育和生殖等过程。这些结果促进了我们对Tchsp18.3参与昆虫生理活动的分子调节机制的理解，并进一步促进了控制害虫的适合性及可持续性研究。
Cite this article:
XIONG Wen-feng, XIE Jia, WEI Lu-ting, ZHANG Si-si, SONG Xiao-wen, GAO Shan-shan, LI Bin. Transcriptome analysis of hsp18.3 functions and regulatory systems using RNA-sequencing in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1040-1056.
Crop Science
Phenotypic analysis of a dwarf and deformed flower3 (ddf3) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and characterization of candidate genes
一个花异常并矮化水稻突变体的表型鉴定和候选基因分析
WANG Yu-peng, TANG shuang-qin, WU Zhi-feng, SHI Qing-hua, WU Zi-ming
矮化突变体是水稻分子生物学研究与育种的关键材料资源。本研究中，在水稻栽培品种东京组织培养过程中发现一个花发育异常并矮化的突变体，暂命名为ddf3。与野生型相比，突变体ddf3表现为植株严重矮化，分蘖增多，而育性严重下降。此外，很多性状如叶长、穗长和粒长均显著减少。突变体ddf3各节间长度显著小于野生型，组织学分析表明突变体节间细胞伸长受到显著抑制。ddf3的花粉活力下降，大多数柱头发育异常。遗传分析表明突变体ddf3突变性状为隐性单核基因控制。利用663个来自于ddf3/9311杂交的F2群体隐性单株，突变基因DDF3最终被定位在第7号染色体长臂末端InDel标记M15和M16之间，物理距离大约为45.21kb。测序结果分析表明突变体ddf3基因组在定位区间内发生约13.98 kb的缺失，导致了区间内三个基因完全或部分缺失，即基因ZF（编码DHHC型锌指蛋白），CHP（编码保守的假定蛋白），FH2（编码包含Actin-binding FH2结构域蛋白）。实时荧光定量分析结果表明基因FH2在水稻各组织器官中均有较高水平的表达，而ZF主要在穗中表达，CHP则在各组织器官中均未检测到有表达。因此，ZF和FH2基因可能参与了水稻形态和花器官发育。本研究为候选基因的功能分析奠定了基础，并为水稻株型与育性育种提供了有利的基因资源。
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WANG Yu-peng, TANG shuang-qin, WU Zhi-feng, SHI Qing-hua, WU Zi-ming. Phenotypic analysis of a dwarf and deformed flower3 (ddf3) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and characterization of candidate genes[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1057-1065.
Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit deletion on soft wheat quality properties and sugar-snap cookie quality estimated through near-isogenic lines
小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基缺失近等基因系品质特性和饼干品质的研究
ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Bo-qiao, WU Hong-ya, LU Cheng-bin, LÜ Guo-feng, LIU Da-tong, LI Man, JIANG Wei, SONG Gui-hua, GAO De-rong
高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）对面团粘弹特性起决定性的作用。小麦HMW-GS基因由第一部分同源群染色体1A、1B和1D的长臂上基因位点控制，分别称作Glu-A1，Glu-B1，Glu-D1位点。本研究以扬麦18背景的四种在Glu-A1、Glu-D1具不同HMW-GS缺失组合的基因型进行品质分析。与Glu-A1位点缺失和野生型相比， Glu-D1位点缺失后面筋筋力和面团强度显著变弱，SDS沉淀值、乳酸溶剂保持力、面筋指数、形成时间、稳定时间、吹泡仪P值和L值显著降低。Glu-D1位点缺失对籽粒硬度、籽粒蛋白质含量、水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力和蔗糖溶剂保持力无显著影响。与Glu-A1缺失和野生型相比，Glu-A1、Glu-D1双位点缺失和Glu-D1单位点缺失均显著增加曲奇直径、酥脆性，降低曲奇厚度。因此，Glu-D1位点缺失对饼干品质具有明显改良作用，为饼干专用小麦新品种培育提供了新的种质和途径。
Cite this article:
ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Bo-qiao, WU Hong-ya, LU Cheng-bin, Lü Guo-feng, LIU Da-tong, LI Man,. Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit deletion on soft wheat quality properties and sugar-snap cookie quality estimated through near-isogenic lines[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1066-1073.
Meta-analysis of soybean amino acid QTLs and candidate gene mining
大豆氨基酸含量QTL的Meta分析及候选基因挖掘
GONG Qian-chun, YU Hong-xiao, MAO Xin-rui, QI Hui-dong, SHI Yan, XIANG Wei, CHEN Qing-shan, QI Zhao-ming
氨基酸组分和数量影响大豆蛋白质的含量和营养价值，也对大豆的品质有着重要的影响。在整合校对Soybase网站中的140个氨基酸含量相关的原始QTLs后，我们最终得到了138个QTLs进行进一步的分析以确定高置信度的QTL区间。首先，运用BioMercator ver. 2.1软件进行Meta分析，我们得到33个通用QTLs。通用QTL置信区间的变化范围是0.07-19.85Mb。然后，我们应用Overview方法优化这些置信区间，定位到了57个“真实”QTLs。通过Phytozome网站的比对和GO、KEGG等数据库的注释，我们得到了通用QTL区段中的候选基因信息。最终，我们用Blast确定了控制5种氨基酸表达的16个前人未发表的候选基因。本研究的结果为大豆氨基酸相关QTL位点的精细定位及分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。
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GONG Qian-chun, YU Hong-xiao, MAO Xin-rui, QI Hui-dong, SHI Yan, XIANG Wei, CHEN Qing-shan,. Meta-analysis of soybean amino acid QTLs and candidate gene mining[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1074-1084.
Nectar secretion of RN-type cytoplasmic male sterility three lines in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
RN型大豆细胞质雄性不育“三系”泌蜜的初步研究
ZHANG Jing-yong, SUN Huan, ZHAO Li-mei, ZHANG Chun-bao, YAN Hao, PENG Bao, LI Wen-bin
大豆杂种优势利用在中国已经取得重要进展，目前已有多个杂交种通过审定，但杂交种制种产量低限制了杂交种的广泛应用，不育系异交结实低是主要原因之一，选育具有高异交结实率的大豆细胞质雄性不育（CMS）“三系”是解决此问题的关键。本研究主要目的是为了明确CMS“三系”花蜜分泌与异交率的关系。本研究以27份大豆“三系”为试验材料，研究花蜜分泌规律、气象因子对花蜜分泌的影响和花蜜分泌在基因型及年度间的差异，同时分析了不育系泌蜜量与异交率的关系。分析结果表明：大豆花蜜分泌有一个日变化规律，大部分“三系”材料一般在早6:00开始分泌花蜜，花朵开放后在7:00-8:30达到泌蜜高峰而后泌蜜量逐渐下降，在下午13:00左右出现一个次高峰，17:00之后几乎检测不到花蜜。花蜜分泌受天气影响很大，当连续多天晴朗高温无降雨时，花蜜分泌量逐天增加；低温降雨影响花朵泌蜜量，本研究中，花蜜分泌量在雨停后的第二天达到最低水平，这时温度较低湿度较高。在接下来几天里，花蜜分泌逐渐恢复，这时天气转晴温度升高湿度降低。泌蜜量在不同材料间存在显著差异，同一材料在不同年度间也存在显著差异，泌蜜量最高者是最低者3倍。恢复系的泌蜜量显著高于不育系及保持系，不育系和保持系间泌蜜量无显著差异。高异交结实率的不育系泌蜜量相对高，它的同型保持系泌蜜量也较高，不育系异交结实率、不育系泌蜜量和保持系泌蜜量三者显著正相关。
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ZHANG Jing-yong, SUN Huan, ZHAO Li-mei, ZHANG Chun-bao, YAN Hao, PENG Bao, LI Wen-bin. Nectar secretion of RN-type cytoplasmic male sterility three lines in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.][J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1085-1092.
Shoot and root traits in drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids
ZHAO Jin, XUE Qing-wu, Kirk E Jessup, HOU Xiao-bo, HAO Bao-zhen, Thomas H Marek, XU Wenwei, Steven R Evett, Susan A O’Shaughnessy, David K Brauer
This study aimed to investigate the differences in shoot and root traits, and water use and water use efficiency (WUE) in drought tolerant (DT) maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under full and deficit irrigated conditions. A two-year greenhouse study was conducted with four hybrids (one conventional hybrid, 33D53AM, two commercial DT hybrids, P1151AM, N75H, and an experimental hybrid, ExpHB) grown under two water regimes (I100 and I50, referring to 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration requirements). Under water stress, the hybids P1151AM, N75, and ExpHB showed more drought tolerance and had either greater shoot dry weight or less dry weight reduction than the conventional hybrid (33D53AM). However, these three hybrids responded to water stress using different mechanisms. Compared with the conventional hybrid, the two commercial DT hybrids (P1151AM and N75H) had a smaller leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root system per plant. As a result, these hybrids used less water but had a higher WUE compared with the conventional hybrid. In contrast, the experimental hybrid (ExpHB) produced more shoot biomass by silking stage at both irrigation levels than all other hybrids, but it had relatively lower WUE. The hybrids demonstrated different drought response mechanisms that may require different irrigation management strategies. More investigation and validation are needed under field conditions and in different soil types.
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ZHAO Jin, XUE Qing-wu, Kirk E Jessup, HOU Xiao-bo, HAO Bao-zhen, Thomas H Marek, XU Wen-wei,Steven R Evett, Susan A O’Shaughnessy, David K Brauer. Shoot and root traits in drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1093-1105.
Effects of planting dates and shading on carbohydrate content, yield, and fiber quality in cotton with respect to fruiting positions
播期和遮阴对棉花不同果节棉铃产量、纤维品质和碳水化合物的影响
ZHAO Wen-qing, WU You, Zahoor Rizwan, WANG You-hua, MA Yi-na, CHEN Bing-lin, MENG Ya-li, ZHOU Zhi-guo
以耐低温棉花品种科棉1号和低温敏感型棉花品种苏棉15为材料，于2010-2011年进行播期（OPD, 适宜播期, 25 April; and LPD, 晚播, 10 June）和遮阴（相对光照强度，CRLR 100 and 60%）试验，研究晚播和遮阴对不同果节棉花产量及产量构成、品质、对位叶蔗糖和淀粉含量、纤维蔗糖和纤维素含量的影响。本实验中，晚播主要造成低温，遮阴主要造成寡照。结果表明：与1果节相比，3果节棉花产量及产量构成，纤维品质，叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量，纤维素含量均降低。与OPD-CRLR 100%相比, 其他温光处理 (OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%) 显著降低1、3果节皮棉产量，3果节及苏棉15的下降幅度更大，主要源于3果节和苏棉15更多的铃数降低。除1果节的纤维长度在适宜播期遮阴条件下（OPD-CRLR 60%）达到最大以外，其余纤维品质均随播期推迟和遮阴而下降，下降幅度在3果节及苏棉15中更大。与适宜播期相比，晚播均增加了棉铃对位叶和纤维蔗糖含量，而与不遮阴相比，遮阴均降低了蔗糖含量。但两者均导致纤维中纤维素含量的降低。因此，遮阴主要通过降低“源”（即棉铃对位叶）中蔗糖含量，晚播主要减少了棉铃对位叶中蔗糖的运转和棉纤维中蔗糖向纤维素的转化。值得注意的是，随播期推迟，遮阴发生，碳水化合物更多的分配到1果节中，1果节的产量和品质也更高。说明在低温寡照条件下，1果节棉花产量品质的降低低于3果节。同时，科棉1号3果节的棉铃和碳水化合物分配比例要高于苏棉15。综上，选用耐低温品种可减少低温寡照条件下棉花产量品质的降低程度。
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ZHAO Wen-qing, WU You, Zahoor Rizwan, WANG You-hua, MA Yi-na, CHEN Bing-lin, MENG Ya-li, ZHOU Zhi-guo. Effects of planting dates and shading on carbohydrate content, yield, and fiber quality in cotton with respect to fruiting positions[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1106-1119.
Fiber damage of machine-harvested cotton before ginning and after lint cleaning
轧花前与皮棉清理后机采棉纤维品质的变化
TIAN Jing-shan, ZHANG Xu-yi, ZHANG Wang-feng, LI Jian-feng, YANG Yan-long, DONG Heng-yi, JIU Xing-li, YU Yong-chuan, ZHAO Zhan, XU Shou-zhen, ZUO Wen-qing
【目的】机采籽棉含杂率高，必须通过增加清理次数以提高原棉等级，这在一定程度上造成纤维损伤，导致纤维品质指标下降，纺织企业使用机采棉，棉花贸易公司不愿经营机采棉。研究机采棉皮棉清理工序对纤维品质的影响，探讨控制适宜的皮棉含杂率与降低纤维损伤的关系，为棉花加工厂推荐使用皮棉清理道数提供参考。【方法】试验在新疆棉区5个植棉团场的7家棉花加工厂进行，将同一条田的机采棉在同一条轧花线上进行清理加工，分别在轧花前和每道皮棉清理工序后抽取皮棉试样，分析比较机采棉在轧花前和皮棉清理过程中纤维品质的变化。【结果】与轧花前相比，皮棉清理后纤维比强度仅降低了0.25 cN/tex，无显著性变化。纤维长度和短纤指数在轧花前与皮棉清理后的变化最为明显；与轧花前相比，皮棉清理后纤维长度平均降低了0.86 mm，13个试验点中有11个达到显著性差异水平，纤维长度损伤量＞1.0 mm的试验点占全部试验点的46%；短纤指数在全部试验点均显著增加，损伤率＞20%的试验点占85%。不同清理道数间，第二道皮棉清理对纤维损伤最小，第三道的损伤则较大，与第二道相比纤维长度降低了0.35 mm、短纤指数增加了0.65%；轧花过程也是造成纤维损伤不可忽视的环节。【结论】新疆棉花加工厂最多采用1道、或尝试不使用皮棉清理，杜绝使用3道皮棉清理；注重改良清理机性能，以提高清理效率和降低纤维损伤。【创新点】系统分析了机采棉在轧花前与经皮棉清理后纤维品质的变化规律，引入“纤维损伤量”探讨不同皮棉清理工序对纤维品质的损伤程度，并根据控制适宜的皮棉含杂率，结合籽棉清理的使用道数，提出新疆棉花加工厂使用的皮棉清理道数以降低纤维损伤，实现提质增效。
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TIAN Jing-shan, ZHANG Xu-yi, ZHANG Wang-feng, LI Jian-feng, YANG Yan-long, DONG Heng-yi, JIU Xing-li, YU Yong-chuan, ZHAO Zhan, XU Shou-zhen, ZUO Wen-qing. Fiber damage of machine-harvested cotton before ginning and after lint cleaning[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1120-1127.
Horticulture
Heterologous expression of Lolium perenne antifreeze protein confers chilling tolerance in tomato
Srinivasan Balamurugan, Jayan Susan Ann, Inchakalody P Varghese, Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan, Mani Chandra Harish, Sarma Rajeev Kumar, Ramalingam Sathishkumar
Antifreeze proteins (AFP) are produced by certain plants, animals, fungi and bacteria that enable them to survive upon extremely low temperature. Perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne, was reported to possess AFP which protects them from cold environments. In the present investigation, we isolated AFP gene from L. perenne and expressed it in tomato plants to elucidate its role upon chilling stress. The T1 transgenic tomato lines were selected and subjected to molecular, biochemical and physiological analyses. Stable integration and transcription of LpAFP in transgenic tomato plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. Physiological analyses under chilling conditions showed that the chilling stress induced physiological damage in wild type (WT) plants, while the transgenic plants remained healthy. Total sugar content increased gradually in both WT and transgenic plants throughout the chilling treatment. Interestingly, transgenic plants exhibited remarkable alterations in terms of relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage index (ELI) than those of WT. RWC increased significantly by 3-fold and the electrolyte leakage was reduced by 2.6-fold in transgenic plants comparing with WT. Overall, this report proved that LpAFP gene confers chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato plants and it could be a potential candidate to extrapolate the chilling tolerance on other chilling-sensitive food crops.
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Srinivasan Balamurugan, Jayan Susan Ann, Inchakalody P Varghese, Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan, Mani Chandra Harish, Sarma Rajeev Kumar, Ramalingam Sathishkumar. Heterologous expression of Lolium perenne antifreeze protein confers chilling tolerance in tomato[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1128-1136.
The effect of ozone and drought on the photosynthetic performance of canola
Bheki G Maliba, Prabhu M Inbaraj, Jacques M Berner
Canola plants were fumigated in open-top chambers with ozone (O3) (120 ppb) under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions for 4 weeks. Non-fumigated plants were also studied to facilitate comparison between treatments for the same week and over time. Therefore, the treatments were: WW, WW-O3, WS and WS-O3. The fast chlorophyll a fluorescence transients OJIP for the four treatments emitted upon illumination of dark-adapted leaves were measured after week 1, 2, 3, 4 and analysed by the JIP-test to evaluate the resulting changes in photosynthetic performance. Ozone fumigation led to a decline of total performance index (PItotal) in well-watered plants. The effect of O3 was minor under drought conditions, as revealed by a decrease of PItotal by 3%. The PItotal decreased as the treatment was prolonged, due to leaf ageing for all cases and the decline was more pronounced under WW-O3. Taking the average of all weeks, WW had the highest PItotal and the lowest WW-O3 (decrease by 27%), while in WS and WS-O3, it was lower than WW (14 and 17%, respectively). We found that the absorption (ABS)/reaction centre (RC) increases, while the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (φPo) undergoes slight changes, and trapping (TR0)/RC closely followed the increase in ABS/RC. This indicates that O3 and drought caused an increase in the functional antenna size. The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry showed slight differences for all treatments and over time, suggesting that this parameter is less sensitive to drought and O3 stress. Therefore, the more sensitive components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain appeared to be the probability that an electron from the intersystem electron carriers is transferred to reduce end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side (δRo) and the RC density on a chlorophyll basis (RC/ABS).
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Bheki G Maliba, Prabhu M Inbaraj, Jacques M Berner. The effect of ozone and drought on the photosynthetic performance of canola[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1137-1144.
Variability in total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments and foliage yield of vegetable amaranth
Umakanta Sarker, Md Tofazzal Islam, Md Golam Rabbani, Shinya Oba
Twenty vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, and selection of suitable genotypes for extraction of juice in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Vegetable amaranth was rich in chlorophyll, β-cyanins, β-xanthins, betalains, carotene, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant. The genotypes VA14, VA16, VA18, VA15, and VA20 could be selected as amaranth vegtable varieties with high yields and abundance antioxidant leaf pigments and vitamins to produce juice. The genotypes VA13 and VA19 had above-average foliage yield and high antioxidant profiles while the genotypes VA2, VA3, VA9, VA11, VA12, and VA17 had a high antioxidant profiles and below-average foliage yield. These genotypes could be used as a donor parent for integration of potential high antioxidant profiles genes into other genotypes. The correlation study revealed a strong positive association among all the antioxidant leaf pigments, total antioxidant capacity and foliage yield. Selection based on total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments could economically viable to improve the yield potential of vegetable amaranth genotypes. Total carotene and ascorbic acid exhibited insignificant genotypic correlation with all the traits except total antioxidant capacity. This indicates that selection for antioxidant vitamins might be possible without compromising yield loss.
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Umakanta Sarker, Md Tofazzal Islam, Md Golam Rabbani, Shinya Oba. Variability in total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments and foliage yield of vegetable amaranth[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1145-1153.
Identification of miRNAs and target genes regulating catechin biosynthesis in tea (Camellia sinensis)
茶树儿茶素合成途径相关基因的miRNA预测与鉴定
SUN Ping, ZHANG Zhen-lu, ZHU Qiu-fang, ZHANG Guo-ying, XIANG Ping, LIN Yu-ling, LAI Zhongxiong, LIN Jin-ke
miRNA是植物中重要的调控因子，在植物的生长发育中中起着重要的调控作用。在本实验中，我们将茶树1005品系的转录组数据库中功能未注释序列结合其他植物中已知的保守miNRA信息进行分析。利用生物信息学分析方法鉴定，获得了55条茶树保守miRNA。通过实时荧光定量方法检测了其中31条miRNA在不同发育阶段茶树叶片中的表达量，进一步证明了生物信息学鉴定保守miRNA的可靠性。为了获得与茶树儿茶素合成相关的miRNA,在获得的miRNA序列信息及已登陆的儿茶素合成相关基因序列的基础上，我们利用psRNAtarget在线软件预测与儿茶素合成途径相关基因的miRNA。利用改良的RLM-RACE技术，我们鉴定了7条miRNA对8条儿茶素合成途径靶基因的裂解。靶基因主要包括查耳酮合成酶（CHS）、查耳酮异构酶（CHI）、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶（DFR）、花青素还原酶（ANR）、无色花色素还原酶（LAR）和黄烷酮3-羟化酶（F3H）。通过miRNA与其靶基因的表达分析发现，miR529d和miR156g-3p的表达模式与他们的靶基因CHI和F3H呈负相关，而其它miRNA的表达模式与其靶基因未呈显著负调控模式。RLM-RACE分析结果表明miRNA可以通过裂解与儿茶素合成相关靶基因调控儿茶素的积累。
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SUN Ping, ZHANG Zhen-lu, ZHU Qiu-fang, ZHANG Guo-ying, XIANG Ping, LIN Yu-ling, LAI Zhongxiong, LIN Jin-ke. Identification of miRNAs and target genes regulating catechin biosynthesis in tea (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1154-1164.
Animal Science • Veterinary Medicine
Effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers
饲粮添加黄芩黄酮对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响
LIAO Xiu-dong, WEN Qian, ZHANG Ling-yan, LU Lin, ZHANG Li-yang, LUO Xu-gang
【目的】本试验旨在研究饲粮添加黄芩黄酮（以黄芩黄酮锌的形式）对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】选用450只1日龄AA肉公雏，按完全随机设计分为5个处理组，每个处理组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。分别饲喂不添加黄芩黄酮的玉米-豆粕基础饲粮（对照组）及在此基础上分别添加黄芩黄酮（以黄芩黄酮锌的形式）60、120、180或240 mg kg-1。试验期42天。【结果】饲粮添加黄芩黄酮对42天肉仔鸡腿肌滴水损失、肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性有显著影响 (P<0.03)。与对照组相比，添加黄芩黄酮120、180和240 mg kg-1降低了（P<0.03）腿肌滴水损失。与对照组及添加黄芩黄酮60和120 mg kg-1组相比，添加黄芩黄酮180 mg kg-1增加了（P<0.03）肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。【结论】以上结果表明，饲粮添加黄芩黄酮（以黄芩黄酮锌的形式）180 mg kg-1可改善肉仔鸡的肉品质及提高抗氧化能力。
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LIAO Xiu-dong, WEN Qian, ZHANG Ling-yan, LU Lin, ZHANG Li-yang, LUO Xu-gang. Effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1165-1170.
Identification of the strain-specifically truncated nonstructural protein 10 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected cells
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒非结构蛋白10截短体的鉴定
ZHANG Zhi-bang, XU Lei, WEN Xue-xia, DONG Jian-guo, ZHOU Lei, GE Xin-na, YANG Han-chun, GUO Xin
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）非结构蛋白10（nsp10）编码的解旋酶（helicase）在PRRSV复制过程中具有重要作用。有研究表明高致病性PRRSV（HP-PRRSV）nsp9和nsp10基因不仅与其增殖能力相关，而且是HP-PRRSV致死性毒力的决定基因。因此，本研究以nsp10为研究对象，在蛋白水平探讨其对HP-PRRSV增殖的影响。在研究过程中，我们发现HP-PRRSV JXwn06毒株感染的细胞内产生了nsp10的一个截短体（命名为nsp10a）。多个毒株的鉴定结果显示nsp10a的生成具有毒株特异性。通过质谱鉴定和缺失突变证明nsp10a可能在nsp10的N端缺失约70个氨基酸。利用拯救的点突变病毒进一步证实nsp10第69位谷氨酸是决定nsp10a产生的关键氨基酸。最后，证明nsp10a亚型的产生对PRRSV的体外增殖没有显著影响。本研究系首次发现nsp10a亚型，研究结果为阐释nsp10不同亚型在PRRSV增殖中的作用提供了理论依据。
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ZHANG Zhi-bang, XU Lei, WEN Xue-xia, DONG Jian-guo, ZHOU Lei, GE Xin-na, YANG Han-chun, GUO Xin. Identification of the strain-specifically truncated nonstructural protein 10 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected cells[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1171-1180.
Agro-Ecosystem & Environment
A simulation of winter wheat crop responses to irrigation management using CERES-Wheat model in the North China Plain
ZHOU Li-li, LIAO Shu-hua, WANG Zhi-min, WANG Pu, ZHANG Ying-hua, YAN Hai-jun, GAO Zhen, SHEN Si, LIANG Xiao-gui, WANG Jia-hui, ZHOU Shun-li
为了提高水资源限制地区的作物水分利用效率（WUE）及其可持续性，针对高消耗地下水的作物，比如我国华北平原的冬小麦，发展节水灌溉策略是十分必要的。本研究在8个田间试验的基础上，首先校正并验证了CERES-Wheat模型对不同灌溉条件下冬小麦的生长发育和产量形成过程的模拟能力，结果表明CERES-Wheat模型可以精确的预测华北平原不同灌溉条件下冬小麦的籽粒产量、生物量及水分利用效率。应用校正后的CERES-Wheat模型进一步对不同灌溉冬小麦进行了情景模拟分析，水分处理设置不灌溉到四水灌溉（充分灌溉），气象数据采用1981年至2014年历史数据。根据冬小麦生长季节降雨量的大小将气象数据分为三种类型，分别为降雨量小于100 mm，降雨量大于100 mm但小于140 mm，降雨量大于140 mm。研究结果表明，籽粒产量、生物量、收获指数（HI）及WUE对灌溉处理的响应受到年际间降水量的影响，产量随着降水量的增加而增加。拔节期、开花期分别灌水75 mm的二水处理（T3）在获得最高籽粒产量的同时可获得最大的WUE。同时，这一处理的表现在不同降水年型间是最稳定的。与雨养处理相比，拔节期灌一水（T1）能显著提高籽粒产量，在降雨量较高的年型T1处理的产量与T3处理相近。以上结果表明，T3灌水处理是华北平原不同降雨年型冬小麦稳定获得高产与高水分利用效率的最优化灌溉措施。T1则是该区域进一步减少灌溉水用量，实现水资源可持续利用的可行的灌溉策略。
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ZHOU Li-li, LIAO Shu-hua, WANG Zhi-min, WANG Pu, ZHANG Ying-hua, YAN Hai-jun, GAO Zhen, SHEN Si, LIANG Xiao-gui, WANG Jia-hui, ZHOU Shun-li. A simulation of winter wheat crop responses to irrigation management using CERES-Wheat model in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1181-1193.
Yield and water use responses of winter wheat to irrigation and nitrogen application in the North China Plain
华北平原不同水氮处理对冬小麦产量及水分利用的影响
ZHANG Ming-ming, DONG Bao-di, QIAO Yun-zhou, SHI Chang-hai, YANG Hong, WANG Ya-kai, LIU Meng-yu
随着华北平原地区水资源短缺及氮肥过度施用的日益严重，制定适宜的灌溉和氮肥管理制度对冬小麦生产至关重要。为了探讨华北平原合理的水氮配合措施，通过4年的田间试验对三种灌溉制度（W1，拔节期灌溉60 mm；W2，拔节和抽穗期各灌溉60mm；W3，拔节、抽穗和灌浆期各灌溉60mm），四个施肥水平（N0, 0; N1, 100 kg N ha−1; N2, 200 kg N ha−1; N3, 300 kg N ha−1）的冬小麦产量、水分利用效率、肥料农学效率及经济效益进行了分析。结果表明在相同氮肥水平下，W2和W3处理下小麦产量无显著差异，并均高于WI产量。在相同灌溉水平下，N1处理下产量显著高于N0，但与N2和N3间无显著差异。W2N1处理下冬小麦表现出最高水平的水分利用效率和肥料农学效率。与当地传统水肥措施（W3N3）相比，W2N1的净收益和投入产出比分别提高了12.3%和19.5%。研究结果表明，在华北平原地区干旱年份，冬小麦灌溉两水，施氮水平在100 kg N ha−1即可达到高产。
Cite this article:
ZHANG Ming-ming, DONG Bao-di, QIAO Yun-zhou, SHI Chang-hai, YANG Hong, WANG Ya-kai, LIU Meng-yu. Yield and water use responses of winter wheat to irrigation and nitrogen application in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1194-1206.
Short Communication
Detection and characterization of an isolate of Tomato mottle mosaic virus infecting tomato in China
侵染中国番茄的番茄斑驳花叶病毒检测及其生物学特性
ZHAN Bin-hui, CAO Ning, WANG Kai-na, ZHOU Xue-ping
2016年，中国海南省的番茄爆发了一种严重的病害，感病植株表现出严重的叶片畸形、斑驳花叶以及系统性皱缩的症状。为了调查及控制此种病害，很有必要对引发此病害的病原进行检测及研究。斑点酶联免疫吸附试验表明感病的番茄样品粗提物与烟草花叶病毒的单克隆抗体呈现阳性反应，这表明此病害可能与烟草花叶病毒属病毒具有相关性。反转录PCR及DNA序列分析证明引发此番茄病害的病原为烟草花叶病毒属中的番茄斑驳花叶病毒（Tomato mottle mosaic virus , ToMMV）。我们扩增以及测序了此病毒的全长序列，序列分析表明此分离物与ToMMV的YYMLJ及TiLhaLJ分离物具有最高的核苷酸序列相似性。我们将此病毒分离物命名为ToMMV海南分离物（ToMMV-Hainan）。生物学研究表明，ToMMV-Hainan能够侵染本氏烟、辣椒以及番茄并引起严重的病害症状。这是在中国海南省首次鉴定出ToMMV。
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ZHAN Bin-hui, CAO Ning, WANG Kai-na, ZHOU Xue-ping. Detection and characterization of an isolate of Tomato mottle mosaic virus infecting tomato in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1207-1212.
Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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